Government innovation through social media

Social media in government is becoming one of the major trends in Electronic Government (e-government) research and practice worldwide. During the last few years, several authors have addressed the potential of social media for the innovation of public sector organizations. Most of these contributions have focused on the technical dimensions of social media, while other aspects have not attracted equal attention. In contrast, this introductory article interrogates the role of social media in the basic areas of e-government: government information flows and the availability of government information; the use of information technology to create and provide innovative government services; the impact of information technology on the relationships between the governed and those governing; and the increasing importance of information policies and information technologies for democratic practices. Accordingly, the next few pages propose and develop three dimensions of social media in government: tools, goals, and topics. We think that these dimensions could help to better understand the use of social media in government settings. Then, after a brief review of current trends in social media and government research, we present the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we present some practical lessons and suggest ideas for future research. This special issue could be seen as a starting point for the development of innovation through social media in public administrations around the world.     

以机制创新推进大型科学仪器设备共享

大型科学仪器设备是我国重要的科技基础条件资源,解决目前大型科学仪器设备重复购置、利用效率低的关键在于加强共享,而促进共享的关键在于机制创新。本文在概述我国目前大型科学仪器设备共享现状的基础上,提出了现阶段共享工作中存在的困难和问题,并围绕机制创新的主线,提出了进一步促进我国大型科学仪器设备共享的对策建议     

"融、立、破、创"——《科学大众》办刊经验分享

作为2019年成功入选"中国科技期刊卓越行动计划"5种科普期刊之一的《科学大众》,守正创新,与时俱进,将科学普及的道路越走越宽,为一代代青年人提供不竭"精神动力".通过网络资料搜集、实地调查研究和查阅文献等多种方式,积累《科学大众》期刊发展的相关资料,经归纳总结,从"媒体融合发展、精品工程立项、打破传统机制和创新品牌活动"4个方面进行探讨分析,凝练出"融、立、破、创"的具体办刊经验.     

培养5种好习惯:提升科技期刊编辑创新能力

知识经济时代,中国科技期刊发展的关键在于创新,而编辑的创新能力是科技期刊实现创新发展的必要条件。作者根据工作实践经验,认为科技期刊编辑可通过培养5种习惯——了解自己、常做五"勤"戏(勤学习、勤查问、勤观察、勤思考、勤记录)、学习多种创新性思维方式、增强自我效能感、学会幽默,以提升自身的创新能力。     

信息共享空间创新模式:基于问题学习空间

基于问题学习空间,是将信息共享空间和PBL教学相结合而构建的一种新型模式。文章从空间实体、硬件设备、软件设施和服务设施等4个方面介绍了西安交通大学医学校区图书馆基于问题学习空间及其运行效果。     

On shifting sands: assessing the financial sustainability of UK learned societies

This article provides a quantitative assessment of the extent to which UK learned societies rely on publishing revenues. Drawing on work completed as part of a Universities UK project to monitor the transition to open access in the United Kingdom, it considers the risks that increased market consolidation and a shift to open access publishing present for societies' financial sustainability in the coming years. The project identified 279 UK societies that publish peer‐reviewed publications. It is estimated that publishing accounts for just over £300 million, or 26%, of these societies' overall revenues of £1.2 billion, but an in‐depth analysis of 30 societies found that the proportion is as high as 80% in some cases. Publishing is typically a profitable activity for societies, and thereby supports their charitable activities and makes an important contribution to their overall financial sustainability. Although most societies are presently in good financial health, the combined pressures of market consolidation and open access, coupled with early indications of an increase in the costs of publishing, suggests that their reliance on publishing could prove an uncertain foundation in the years to come.     

Orchestrating artificial intelligence for urban sustainability

Artificial intelligence (AI) is regarded as the next digital frontier in government, with many potential applications for economic development as well as sustainable urbanization. Governments have started experimenting with AI, but empirical research on how to leverage and implement AI remains limited. This study analyzed two cases of AI implementation in a large city and identified various AI capabilities useful for government. More importantly, purposeful orchestration of AI-related resources such as data, knowledge, algorithms, and information systems is necessary for developing strong AI capabilities. The findings indicate two different types of orchestration: policy-driven orchestration focuses on the integration of resources, while innovation-driven orchestration focuses on triangulation. This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI in government by revealing and conceptualizing different paths and approaches to AI implementation. They also serve to inform practitioners' planning of AI implementation.     

Future-oriented eGovernance: The sustainability concept in eGov research,and ways forward

eGov (eGovernment/eGovernance) is a complex endeavor involving many actors, ambitions, and perspectives. The field has, in research and in practice, over the years expanded its focus from service orientation to a comprehensive perspective with the ambition to integrate all of government in coherent action. Comprehensive integration requires a future-oriented perspective so investment is made in robust and flexible solutions meeting not only today's demands but also sustainable to meet those of the future. This paper addresses the use of the sustainability concept in eGov research. We discuss definitions and elements of sustainability and conduct a structured review of eGov literature investigating how various sustainability areas (social, economic, environmental and technical) are addressed. We find 21 overall themes in 94 papers, with the highest number in the “social” category. Two cross-cutting themes to which 21 overall themes relate are also identified; Decision-making and Infrastructure. Findings show that sustainability is mainly addressed narrowly, focusing on projects rather than general issues, and shallowly with a focus on single factors rather than the complex interaction among them, and with little foundation in sustainability theory. The paper contributes with an overview of themes in previous research as well as theory-based input for future research efforts on eGov sustainability, from a dynamic and sociotechnical sustainability perspective.     

Environmental sustainability: Awareness and practices among library professionals in University of Calicut

Although environmental sustainability is not a novel concept, society does not give much attention to protecting the environment. Protecting our environment for future generations is everyone's responsibility. Academic institutions should include green movement activities. In this investigation, environmental sustainability related awareness, attitudes, and practices of the Calicut University library professionals were examined. The study was conducted among the library professionals working at University of Calicut central library, 35 department libraries, and 20 study centers. Data were gathered via questionnaires. A total of 83 questionnaires were distributed but only 70 were returned. The majority of library professionals are not very knowledgeable about environmentally friendly procedures. However, they have a positive attitude toward environmental sustainability in libraries. The degree to which librarians are aware of environmental issues and the library's current green activities/practices are positively correlated.     

坚守出版服务 引导科技创新——《湖北农业科学》服务科技创新的实践

以《湖北农业科学》杂志创新服务、促进科技创新的改革实践为例,介绍该刊在完成内部管理改革、集约化发展后,向外发力,创新科技期刊出版服务模式,用特色服务引导科技创新,为科技创新提供有效支撑。通过出版引导创新来服务科研、回报社会、推广成果;通过出版资源深度开发提升科技成果传播能力、提高期刊经济效益,为科技期刊转变思路、加快改革做出了有益尝试。     

Data integrity boards: Institutional innovation and congressional oversight

This article is a preliminary analysis of the first few years of the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (CMPPA). The act requires Federal agencies to establish Data Integrity Boards (DIBs) with responsibility to approve written agreements for computer matches in which their agencies are involved. Information for this analysis was collected from the annual reports on computer matching submitted by agencies to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for 1990 and 1991 and from 108 matching agreements. The secretaries of several DIBs were also interviewed. The effectiveness of DIBs and matching agreements are analyzed using McCubbins and Schwartz's distinction between “police-patrol” and “fire- alarm” oversight. The article concludes that more active and direct oversight, which would occur through an independent data protection or privacy board, is necessary.     

非主体创新--科技编辑的重要职责

科技人员的主体创新与科技编辑的非主体创新关系十分密切。非主体的创新是科技编辑的重要职责。编辑应树立创新理念和具有良好的个性品质，以实现科技人员的主体创新与科技编辑的非主体创新的和谐与统一。     

Financing innovation: A bibliometric analysis of the field

This article presents a bibliometric analysis of the financing of innovation during the period 2001–2016. Among the most prominent journals in the field are Research Policy, Technovation and Small Business Economics; among the most influential authors are Petersen, Hall, Himmelberg, Lerner and Brown; and the most connected documents are those by Hall (2002) and Brown, Fazzari, and Petersen (2009). The field is fragmented and uses a variety of financial theoretical models. Salient topics in the field are financial constraints, funding sources (internal and external), capital structure, venture capital and financing of technology companies.     

Electronic customs innovation: An improvement of governmental infrastructures

This article examines the diffusion of an e-government innovation, a common e-customs standardized solution, which is currently subject of research in the European Union. One of the goals of the European Union is to achieve trade facilitation as well as to secure import and export. In order to achieve this goal, the European Government aims to have a common e-customs standardized solution. For this reason, the European Government provided an e-government model. However, while the e-government model regulates the boundaries of the e-government elements and provides high-level functional and technical specifications, the adoption part is in the hands of the individual EU member states. Procurement of information technology and implementation of e-customs solutions are not specified. The main goal of this study is, therefore, to identify facilitators and barriers that can influence the adoption of standardized e-customs solutions. The research is based on Rogers' theory of innovation considering the technological, organizational, and environmental context. Within the framework of a European funded project, we conducted our study collecting data from interviews and workshops involving an inhomogeneous group of participants, i.e. stakeholders coming from academy, industry, and governmental institutions. By demonstrating the existence of four generic facilitators (benefits potential of the public sector; procedural improvements and streamlined business processes; avoidance of misinterpretations of standardized regulations; and standardization of processes, messages and data models) and three barriers (slowdown in regulation execution due to missing procedural templates, increased complexity in the standardization process itself, electronification of operations) related to customs management, the article contributes towards the research in diffusion and adoption of e-government standards and in particular of standardized e-customs solutions as well as political and societal impact of e-customs policies.     

创新:档案教育生生不息的动力

信息技术的发展、档案需求的扩大、产业结构的调整,对档案人员的素质提出了更高要求,同时对档案教育的发展也提出了新的挑战。在新的形势下,档案教育只有深化改革,不断创新,才能不断促进档案事业发展。明确档案教育定位,强化政府主导地位,创新教育机制,探索教育新平台,对于提升档案教育的生机和活力,积极促进档案事业发展意义重大。     

Juan Luis Vives: Tradition and innovation in renaissance rhetoric

Juan Luis Vives, like many sixteenth‐century humanists, sought to reform the arts of rhetoric and dialectic. This essay argues that Vives' efforts to rehabilitate the disciplines of discourse may well have been the most original of his century. Vives' discussion of elecutio—the essence of rhetoric—is considerably more distinguished than that presented by the better known Peter Ramus.