振动系统中磁流变流体阻尼模型的研究

研究了磁流体的阻尼力特性,提出了基于粘性阻尼和回滞阻尼组成的迟滞阻尼力模型,进行了磁流变阻尼器阻尼力的响应谱分析,并用Newmark数值积分方法分析了带有磁流变流体阻尼器梁结构的多自由度振动系统在不同磁场强度和激励频率作用下的位移响应.结果表明:迟滞阻尼力模型能够很好地描述磁流体阻尼器的力学性能,而且形式简单,概念明确,适合实际应用.     

磁流变阻尼器特性的实验研究

结合磁流变阻尼器的工作原理和阻尼力简化模型,对不同激励振幅、激励频率、控制电流下的磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力特性、耗能特性、响应时间进行了一系列的实验研究。分析得出,磁流变阻尼器具有极强的减振耗能作用,且耗能能力随着控制电流、激振振幅和频率的增加而增大。磁流变阻尼器的响应时间随控制电流的变化不太明显,但是随着激振速度的增加迅速减小。     

剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器动态特性实验研究

介绍了剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器的结构和工作原理,基于平板模型得出了其阻尼力的计算公式。对自行研制的剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力、电流、位移、速度和频率等动态特性进行了实验研究。结果表明剪切阀式磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力随控制电流的增大呈非线性增加,阻尼力可调系数随电流变化连续可调。在相同振幅下,阻尼器的可调倍数随频率增大而降低,阻尼力随振动频率的增大而增大。通过深入分析该型阻尼器的动力特性,为其在车辆悬挂系统半主动控制中的应用奠定了基础。     

磁流变阻尼器的性能试验与神经网络建模

磁流变阻尼器是一种新型的智能振动控制装置.通过磁流变阻尼器的性能试验,研究了在不同电流输入下阻尼力-位移、阻尼力-速度之间的关系,分析了摩擦型磁流变阻尼器的主要特点.采用BP神经网络,建立了磁流变阻尼器的正向模型和逆向模型.仿真结果显示,神经网络模型能准确地预测磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力和控制电流,证明该方法的有效性.与已有的模型相比,具有精度高,计算简便等特点.     

模型结构的磁流变阻尼减振控制试验研究

在磁流变阻尼器力学性能试验基础上,利用MTS793系列软件平台,对安装有两种不同型号磁流变阻尼器的五层钢框架模型结构进行了地震模拟振动台减振控制试验,控制策略包括两种被动控制和基于有限传感器的H∞静态输出反馈控制方法的半主动控制。试验结果表明:两种磁流变阻尼系统的被动控制与半主动控制均可以有效减小地震作用下模型结构的位移反应和绝对加速度反应;当磁流变阻尼控制Passive-off提供的阻尼力过大时,Passive-on只起着刚性支撑的作用;当磁流变阻尼控制Passive-off提供的阻尼力较小时,Passive-on的控制效果要好于Passive-off;半主动控制与被动控制相比,优势并不明显。指出了磁流变阻尼器与模型相匹配的重要性,在工程应用中应引起高度重视。     

采用磁流变阻尼器的整星隔振平台试验研究

为降低卫星受到的来自于运载火箭的振动和冲击载荷,针对柔性卫星整体隔振,提出一种采用高频解耦型磁流变阻尼器的新型整星隔振平台。在理论分析的基础上,设计并制造了新型整星隔振平台、锥壳适配器和模拟卫星,搭建整星隔振系统,进行整星隔振性能试验。对比采用新型整星隔振平台、采用常规磁流变阻尼器隔振平台和采用锥壳适配器时的隔振效果,得到如下结论:新型整星隔振系统的隔振效果明显好于使用传统锥壳适配器时的情况;采用高频解耦型阻尼器能帮助隔振平台减小高频传递率,改善高频隔振性能。试验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

多级蜿蜒磁路式磁流变阻尼器的设计与分析

为了改善磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性,设计了一种多级蜿蜒磁路式磁流变阻尼器。该磁流变阻尼器通过导磁环和阻磁环的堆叠来引导磁感线的走向,迫使磁感线数次穿过磁流变阻尼器的节流通道,提高了节流通道的利用效率。建立了考虑磁流变液非线性流动特性的数学模型,并通过有限元方法进行了磁路分析,进而对所设计的磁流变阻尼器的特性进行预测。将所设计的磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性与具有相同体积的传统磁流变阻尼器进行了比较,包括可控阻尼力、等效阻尼和动态范围。结果显示在正弦激励速度为0.125m/s,并通入2.0A电流的情形下,所设计的磁流变阻尼器的最大可控阻尼力为11 000N,约为传统磁流变阻尼器的2.3倍。此外,所设计的磁流变阻尼器并没有使零场情形下的阻尼力增大。所设计的磁流变阻尼器具有优良的阻尼性能,适用于广泛的工程减振应用。     

磁流变液阻尼器用于振动控制的理论及实验研究

磁流变液阻尼器作为一种可调阻尼元件,具有控制方便,响应迅速、能耗小、结构简单等特点,在振动控制领域有广泛的应用前景,本文分析了磁流变液阻尼器的四种非线性模型,从理论和实验两方面研究了磁流变液阻尼器在一种振动控制装置中的应用,理论分析和实验表明：磁流变流阻尼器随着控制电流的加大,施加于磁流变液的磁场加强而控制效果更加明显;磁流变液阻尼器在施加控制电流时反应迅速,且在低频时具有显著的振动控制效果。     

汽车悬架控制臂液压衬套动态特性实测与计算分析

在汽车悬架系统中,为了满足其低频振动控制和高频隔振性能的要求,对控制臂衬套动态特性的要求是不一致的。常见的橡胶衬套很难提供在低频振动控制时所需要的大阻尼。液压衬套是一种可在一个较大的频率范围内提供大阻尼和大刚度的振动控制元件,目前它在悬架系统中得到了广泛的应用。介绍了可在径向或轴向方向提供大阻尼和大刚度的两种结构型式的液压衬套,实验测试了它们的静态特性、动刚度和阻尼及其与激振频率和激振振幅的相关性;建立了液压衬套动特性计算分析的集总参数模型,利用该模型计算分析了一液压衬套的动刚度和滞后角,计算结果和实验值的对比结果证明了模型的正确性。最后给出了液压衬套在解决由于路面或车轮不平衡激励而引起方向盘振动问题的应用实例。     

磁流变阻尼器的实验建模

磁流变阻尼器是一种应用前景广阔的半主动控制阻尼器。基于对磁流变阻尼器的实验,建立了描述磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性的Bingham塑性模型和非线性滞回模型。讨论了施加电压（磁场强度）、激振振幅及频率对两种模型的参数的影响。该文提出的非线性滞回模型具有精度高、参数识别过程简单和准确反映磁流变阻尼器滞回特性等优点。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.