控温超声提取-气相色谱-三重四级杆质谱测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中的多环芳烃

建立了控温超声提取-气相色谱三重四级杆质谱测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中多环芳烃(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)的分析方法。PM2.5中的PAHs用二氯甲烷-正己烷(2∶1,V/V)控温超声提取3次,每次提取20 min,气相色谱-串联质谱分析,得到16种PAHs和6种替代物的标准曲线线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,16种PAHs的检出限范围为0.013~0.12μg/L。实验中还观察到PAHs在空白滤膜中有微量存在,回收率实验中得到6种替代物的回收率在58.7%~108.2%之间,16种PAHs的空白滤膜加标的平均回收率在88.3%~104.0%之间,相对标准偏差均低于9.0%,实际滤膜加标的平均回收率在77.3%~98.7%之间,相对标准偏差均低于6.0%,本方法能够满足实际大气样品的测定。     

溶剂提取-高效液相色谱法测定大气颗粒物中18种多环芳烃

建立大气颗粒物PM2.5中18种多环芳烃的样品快速溶剂提取结合高效液相色谱的测定方法。将1/2玻璃滤膜剪碎后加入2.0 mL乙腈,于20℃水浴超声提取30 min,提取液经0.22μm有机相滤膜过滤,多环芳烃C₁₈专用柱分离,以乙腈-水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用紫外串联荧光检测器-高效液相色谱仪检测,以色谱峰面积外标法定量。18种PAHs的质量浓度在0.01～0.50μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数不小于0.999,检出限为0.03～0.47 ng/m³,样品加标平均回收率为75.6%～114.7%,相对标准偏差为0.09%～3.78%(n=7)。该方法简便、快速、准确、灵敏,可应用于大气颗粒物PM2.5中18种多环芳烃的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定煤沥青中16种多环芳烃

建立了煤沥青中苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘等16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的高效液相色谱分离检测方法。以甲苯为溶剂对煤沥青进行萃取,萃取液处理后经柱层析分离,层析洗脱液分组回收,然后进行液相色谱分析。采用ZORBAX Eclipse PAH柱分离,以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外检测器进行测定。结果表明,16种PAHs的线性范围为0.5~20 mg/L,相关系数(r)均大于0.999,检出限为0.0031~0.035μg/L,方法的回收率为97.2%~108.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.18%~3.5%。方法用于两种不同煤沥青中16种PAHs含量的测定,两种煤沥青中16种PAHs的含量分别为107.86 g/kg和103.71 g/kg,其中苯并[a]芘的含量分别为11.86 g/kg和13.82 g/kg。     

液相色谱-质谱法测定不粘锅特富龙涂层中全氟辛酸铵残留

报道了一种基于快速溶剂提取(ASE)-液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法定量测定不粘锅特富龙涂层中全氟辛酸铵(APFO)残留分析方法。采用乙腈快速溶剂提取不粘锅涂层中的APFO残留,以乙腈和10mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,经高效液相色谱分离,以多极反应监测(MRM)测定。本方法在0.5~100μg/L内线性良好(R2=0.9995);检出限1 ng/g;方法回收率在80.5%~124.6%之间,相对标准偏差为1.33%~9.30%。本方法准确、快速、简便,可用于不粘锅涂层中APFO残留的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱同时筛查腐败血液中24种农药

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术建立了腐败血液中24种常见投毒农药的快速筛查方法。采用Qu ECh ERS方法进行样品前处理。腐败血液经乙腈-水(4∶1)提取,同时加入无水硫酸镁脱水,超声后过0.22μm滤膜后直接测定。目标药物经ACQUITY UPLCTMHSS C18柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸-甲酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子全信息串联质谱扫描模式(MSE)进行筛查。结果表明,腐败血液中24种农药的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.43~10.0 ng/m L;3个加标水平下的平均回收率为61%~98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%~16.9%。该方法快速简便、灵敏度较高,可用于腐败血液中24种常见投毒农药的快速筛查。     

液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法筛查猪肉中5类26种药物残留

建立了同时筛查测定猪肉组织中氟喹诺酮类、磺胺类、有机磷类、β-激动剂类、四环素类5类26种药物残留的液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱分析方法。试样采用QuEChERS前处理方法,样品经酸化乙腈-甲醇(1%乙酸,10%甲醇)提取。提取液以C18分散剂和正己烷净化,氮吹浓缩、定容后过滤膜上机检测。液相色谱以甲醇-水(0.1%甲酸)作为流动相梯度洗脱,C18色谱柱分离;高分辨质谱采用正离子模式检测,以二级质谱特征离子定性,以分子离子精确质量数提取色谱峰面积定量。结果表明26种药物的定量下限为0.4~10μg/kg;加标回收率为56.7%~106.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.7%~15.8%。方法操作简单、快速、高效,可作为猪肉中26种药物残留的快速筛查检测方法。     

超高效液相色谱法测定涂料中11种紫外吸收剂

建立了同时测定涂料中11种苯甲酮类和苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂的超高效液相色谱(UPLC)分析方法。乳胶漆类样品经水分散后,乙酸乙酯提取;木器清漆类样品以乙腈直接提取。提取液以C18色谱柱为分离柱,在乙腈-水流动相体系下变流速洗脱分离,二极管阵列检测器检测。结果表明,11种紫外吸收剂在0.1~50 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均不小于0.999 0;方法检出限为10~30 mg/kg;3个加标水平下的平均回收率(n=6)为80.7%~107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.0%~8.7%。该方法简单、快速,回收率和精密度良好,适用于涂料中11种紫外吸收剂的同时测定。     

气质联用仪法测定奶粉中多环芳烃

研究了奶粉中多环芳烃的气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定方法. 样品经甲醇-KOH皂化后用甲苯提取, 提取液经微孔滤膜过滤后用气相色谱质谱仪测定其含量, 外标法定量. 结果16种PAHs的回收率范围为92.0%～106%;RSD为2.2%～4.7%. 方法能同时分离16种PAHs, 适合于奶粉中多环芳烃的分析测定.     

超速匀质超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定沉积物中多环芳烃

本文建立了用于检测沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的超速匀质超声波辅助萃取-气相色谱/质谱法。以乙腈为提取剂对水体沉积物中16种PAHs进行提取,然后用铜粉净化,所得净化液经浓缩、丙酮定容后用Agilent HP-5MS毛细管柱进行分离,质谱全扫描检测。采用质谱检测器根据NIST 05谱图库比对进行定性分析,采用外标法进行定量分析。结果表明,16种PAHs的检出限在0.004~0.028μg·kg-1之间,加标回收率71.3%~117.2%,相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.2%~9.8%之间。通过对实际样品中PAHs的分析表明,该法检测快速,溶剂用量小,可以满足痕量分析的要求。     

降压类中成药及保健食品中21种非法添加化学药物的快速检测与确证方法研究

采用亚3μm色谱柱建立了降压类中成药及保健食品中21种非法添加化学药物的高效液相色谱快速检测及液相色谱-质谱联用确证方法。样品经甲醇-乙腈(体积比5∶5)超声提取,采用Agilent Poroshell 120Phenyl-Hexyl(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-乙腈(体积比2∶1)-甲酸水溶液(p H 2.5±0.1)为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量,液质联用法进一步定性确证。结果表明,21种成分在17 min内完成分离,方法检出限为0.03~0.50 mg/g,定量下限为0.09~1.50 mg/g,平均回收率为82.0%~109.0%。采用上述方法对107批从互联网收集的样品进行检测,阳性检出率为42.1%。该方法快速、准确,适用于降压类中成药及保健食品中非法添加药物的快速检测。     

基于轻质萃取剂的溶剂去乳化分散液-液微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中多环芳烃

以密度小于水的轻质溶剂为萃取剂,建立了无需离心步骤的溶剂去乳化分散液-液微萃取-气相色谱(SD-DLLME-GC)测定水样中多环芳烃的新方法。传统分散液-液微萃取技术一般采用密度大于水的有机溶剂为萃取剂,并需要通过离心步骤促进分相。而本方法以密度比水小的轻质溶剂甲苯为萃取剂,将其与丙酮(分散剂)混合并快速注入水样,获得雾化体系;然后注入乙腈作为去乳化剂,破坏该雾化体系,无需离心,溶液立即澄清、分相;取上层有机相(甲苯)进行GC分析。考察了萃取剂、分散剂、去乳化剂的种类及其体积等因素对萃取率的影响。以40 μL甲苯为萃取剂,500 μL丙酮为分散剂,800 μL乙腈为去乳化剂,方法在20～500 μg/L范围内呈现出良好的线性(r2=0.9942～0.9999),多环芳烃的检出限(S/N=3)为0.52～5.11 μg/L。用所建立的方法平行测定5份质量浓度为40 μg/L的多环芳烃标准水样,其含量的相对标准偏差为2.2%～13.6%。本法已成功用于实际水样中多环芳烃的分析,并测得其加标回收率为80.2%～115.1%。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法分析海洋沉积物中16种多环芳烃

建立了快速溶剂萃取（ASE）-气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）分析海洋沉积物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的分析方法。样品由正己烷-丙酮（1∶1,v/v）溶液萃取,经无水硫酸钠脱水、氮吹浓缩后,采用硅胶固相萃取小柱进行净化,然后经HP-5MS色谱柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm）分离,在电子轰击电离源下以多反应监测（MRM）模式进行检测,内标法定量。分析结果表明,16种PAHs在0.01~1.00 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R）大于0.997;目标物的加标回收率为75.8%~97.8%;日内与日间精密度（RSD）均小于10%。当取样量为20.0 g时,16种PAHs的方法检出限为0.048~0.234 μg/kg。该法快速、准确、稳定,能够满足海洋沉积物中痕量PAHs的测定。     

气质联用仪测定电子电气产品中多环芳烃

建立了以甲苯溶剂超声波震荡提取、离心机分离萃取液、气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定电子电气产品中16种多环芳烃组分的方法,萃取条件为:用甲苯溶剂在60℃超声波震荡60 min,外标法定量。各组分的浓度在10～500ng/mL范围内具有良好的线性,线性相关系数r2大于0.994,检出限为0.05～0.30 mg/kg。方法的加标回收率为80%～120%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

加速溶剂萃取和凝胶渗透色谱净化GC–MS法测定烟熏腊肉中16种多环芳烃

采用ASE萃取、GPC净化和浓缩,建立GC–MS法快速检测烟熏腊肉中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的分析方法。将烟熏腊肉与硅藻土充分混合后,放到萃取池中加速溶剂萃取,在优化仪器条件下测定,16种PAHs的线性范围为0.1~4 ng/m L,线性相关系数r为0.985 3~0.999 9。方法检出限在0.172~0.233μg/kg之间,加标回收率为60.3%~93.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为4.06%~11.60%(n=6)。该方法检测快速,准确度高,重现性好,适合于烟熏腊肉中16种PAHs的同时测定。     

微波萃取-GC/MS联用法测定橡胶及其制品中多环芳烃

建立了微波萃取-GC/MS联用法测定橡胶及其制品中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的方法,通过实验优化了萃取溶剂、萃取时间、萃取温度等微波萃取条件和16种PAHs的分离和测定条件。用加标回收方法试验确定方法的准确度。结果表明:16种PAHs检出限(S/N=5)为0.002~0.01 mg/L,平均回收率为63.58%~100.5%,RSD为1.9%~9.9%。该方法可以满足橡胶及其制品中多环芳烃的检测要求。     

Bamboo charcoal as adsorbent for SPE coupled with monolithic column-HPLC for rapid determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples

The coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) using bamboo charcoal (BC) as an adsorbent with a monolithic column-high performance liquid chromatography (MC-HPLC) method was developed for the high-efficiency enrichment and rapid determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. Key influence factors, such as the type and the volume of the elution solvent, and the flow rate and the volume of the sample loading, were optimized to obtain a high SPE recovery and extraction efficiency. BC as an SPE adsorbent presented a high extraction efficiency due to its large specific surface area and high adsorption capacity; MC as an HPLC column accelerated the separation within 8 min because of its high porosity, fast mass transfer, and low-pressure resistance. The calibration curves for the PAHs extracted were linear in the range of 0.2-15 μg/L, with the correlation coefficients (r(2)) between 0.9970-0.9999. This method attained good precisions (relative standard deviation, RSD) from 3.5 to 10.9% for the standard PAHs I aqueous solutions at 5 μg/L; the method recoveries ranged in 52.6-121.6% for real spiked river water samples with 0.4 and 4 μg/L. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) of the method were determined from 11 and 87 ng/L. The developed method was demonstrated to be applicable for the rapid and sensitive determination of 16 PAHs in real environmental water samples.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定热塑性弹性体中的多环芳烃

建立了一种简单、准确的测定热塑性弹性体中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)方法。考察了样品制备、萃取溶剂、萃取方法、时间以及温度对厂家制备的阳性热塑性弹性体样品中PAHs提取效率的影响,确定了萃取条件和方法。样品经甲苯超声萃取、浓缩后用环己烷溶解、二甲亚砜液液萃取净化后采用GC-MS进行分析,内标法定量。通过对不同材质阳性热塑性弹性体样品的加标回收、精密度试验等对建立的方法进行评价,16种PAHs的平均回收率为70%～117%,精密度为0.2%～10.8%。该方法适合于热塑性弹性体中PAHs的测定。     

Ultrasonication extraction and gel permeation chromatography clean-up for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oil by an isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

An analytical method for the determination of US EPA priority pollutant 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oil was developed by an isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Extraction was performed with ultrasonication mode using acetonitrile as solvent, and subsequent clean-up was applied using narrow gel permeation chromatographic column. Three deuterated PAHs surrogate standards were used as internal standards for quantification and analytical quality control. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were globally below 0.5 ng/g, the recoveries were in the range of 81–96%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 20%. Further trueness assessment of the method was also verified through participation in international cocoa butter proficiency test (T0638) organised by the FAPAS with excellent results in 2008. The results obtained with the described method were satisfying (z ≤ 2). The method has been applied to determine PAH in real edible oil samples.     

Optimization and validation of a low temperature microwave-assisted extraction method for analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulate matter

A low temperature microwave-assisted extraction method (MAE) is reported for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in airborne particulate matter (PM). The main parameters affecting the extraction efficiency (choice of extractants, microwave power, and extraction time) were investigated and optimized. The optimized procedure requires a 20 ml mixture of acetone:n-hexane (1:1) for extraction of PAHs in PM at 150 W of microwave energy (20 min extraction time). Clean-up of MAE extracts was not found to be necessary. The optimized method was validated using two different SRM (1648-urban particulate matter and 1649a, urban dust). The results obtained are in good agreement with certified values. PAHs recoveries for both reference materials were between 79 and 122% with relative standard deviation ranging from 3 to 21%. Detection limits were determined based on blank determination using two kinds of quartz filter substrates (n = 10), which ranged from 0.001 (0.03) ng m⁻³ (pg/μg) for B(k)Ft to 1.119 (37.3) for Naph in ng m⁻³ (pg/μg), respectively. The repeatability and day-to-day reproducibility obtained in this study were in the range of 4-16 and 3-25% for spiked standards and SRM 1649, respectively. The optimized and validated MAE technique was applied to the extraction of PAHs from a set of real world PM samples collected in Singapore. The sum of particulate-bound PAHs in outdoor PM ranged from 1.05 to 3.45 ng m⁻³ while that in indoor PM (cooking emissions) ranged from 27.6 to 75.7 ng m⁻³, respectively.     

Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

An accurate and reliable method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric aerosols is described. This optimised gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method permits a wide range of concentrations to be analysed without the influence of interferences.Pre-treatment comparison of four kinds of aerosol collector filters determined that quartz and glass fibre filters were the most suitable. Solvents like cyclohexane, toluene, acetonitrile and dichloromethane were evaluated for their PAH-extraction capacity. Ultrasonic extraction using CH₂Cl₂ was selected because it is rapid and easy; moreover, this solvent increases the sample-throughput capacity.PAH compounds were quantitatively collected and ultrasonically extracted twice using 15 mL of CH₂Cl₂ for 15 min for each replicate. Rotavapor concentration, fractionation and dissolution were also optimised.A certified standard mixture (16 EPA PAHs), a deuterated compound and precision recovery assays were used for validating the proposed methodology. Adequate analytical parameters were obtained. Detection limits were (1.6-26.3) × 10⁻⁵ ng and quantification limits were (5.2-87.6) × 10⁻⁵ ng.Analysis of the environmental samples detected 4-10 EPA list PAH compounds. In addition, 2-11 tentative compounds were found, and their molecular structures were described for the first time.Our study of both Youden method and the standard addition method has shown that the proposed determination of PAHs in environmental samples is free of systematic errors.In conclusion, this unbiased methodology improves the identification and quantification of PAH compounds. High sensitivity as well as acceptable detection and quantification limits were obtained for the environmental applications.