重楼替代药材丫蕊花研究进展

百合科(Liliaceae)丫蕊花属植物具有和重楼属十分相似的化学成分及药理活性。丫蕊花和重楼活性成分主要为甾体皂苷,具有抗菌、止血、抗肿瘤等药理作用,因此丫蕊花具有替代重楼的药效物质基础,可在一定程度上缓解重楼资源危机。综述丫蕊花的研究进展,以期为加快丫蕊花的研究开发和利用提供参考。     

药用植物百合甾体皂苷研究进展

介绍药用植物百合甾体皂苷类成分及药理作用研究进展,为百合合理开发提供参考.查阅国内外相关资料并对重点是对百合中甾体皂苷成分的结构相关信息进行全面详尽的归纳和整理.目前为止,已发现的甾体皂苷类化学成分主要有47种.药理研究表明,甾体皂苷具有抗抑郁、抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤等作用.从文献来看,百合甾体皂苷的研究主要在有效部位的抗抑郁、抗炎、抗氧化和胃肠道作用等方面,对其单体药理研究及毒性研究较少,建议加强百合甾体皂苷的急毒研究,为其安全有效用药提供有意义的参考.     

百合属植物甾体皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进展

百合属植物中含有多种甾体皂苷成分,迄今为止已从其鳞茎中发现了至少82个甾体皂苷类化合物,其中螺甾烷醇类皂苷13个(1~13)、异螺甾烷醇类皂苷39个(14~52)、变形螺旋甾烷类皂苷7个(53~59)和呋甾烷醇类皂苷23个(60~82)。研究表明这些甾体皂苷具有多种药理活性,包括抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗抑郁、保肝、降血糖、镇静催眠、抑制c AMP磷酸二酯酶及Na~+-K~+-ATP酶等。该文对百合属植物鳞茎中的这82个甾体皂苷类化合物及其生物活性进行分类归纳,并且分析这些化合物的结构特征以及构效关系,以期为百合的深入研究与应用开发提供参考。     

多花黄精甾体皂苷生物合成途径分析及关键酶基因研究

甾体皂苷是黄精属植物的特征性成分及主要活性成分,黄精属甾体皂苷具有调节血糖、防治心脑血管疾病及抗肿瘤等多种药理活性。为解析黄精甾体皂苷生物合成途径,探究其关键酶基因,该研究使用BGISEQ-500平台对多花黄精的花、叶、根和根茎进行转录组测序,获得129 989条unigenes, 88 958条unigenes被七大数据库注释,其中22 813条unigenes可归类于53个GO功能分类中,64 877条unigenes涉及136条KEGG代谢通路。502条unigenes涉及多花黄精甾体皂苷生物合成途径,其中97条unigenes编码甾体皂苷生物合成途径12个关键酶。对甾醇生物合成过程中的第一个关键酶环阿屯醇合酶进行序列分析和同源建模发现其具有保守的催化结构域和底物结合结构域。将多花黄精根茎与花、叶、根的基因表达水平比较,有2 437条unigenes在根茎中特异性高表达且被KEGG注释,其中35条与甾体皂苷生物合成途径相关。该研究极大地丰富了黄精属植物的转录组数据,为植物甾体皂苷生物合成途径的解析提供了线索,为进一步研究甾体皂苷生物合成途径关键酶的功能及调控机制奠定了基础。     

黄精的研究进展及其质量标志物的预测分析

黄精是中国传统的中药材,主要分布于北温带和北亚热带,广泛分布于我国南方广大地区。随着对黄精药理、药物化学及临床研究的逐步深入,黄精属植物的活性部位及有效成分的研究也为新药研发所重视。着重对黄精资源、化学成分、主要药理活性进行总结。黄精的多种化学成分,包括多糖、甾体皂苷、三萜、生物碱、木脂素、黄酮、植物甾醇等,其中多糖和甾体皂苷类成分在黄精中量较大,为其主要药效成分。在此基础上,比较黄精、滇黄精和多花黄精中的主要化学成分的差异性,为确定黄精质量标志物提供依据;并研究黄精多糖、甾体皂苷和异黄酮类化合物对主要药效的贡献。建议开展黄精质量标准和质量标志物研究,选择质优的黄精进行黄精多糖、甾体皂苷和异黄酮类化合物的定性、定量分析,为定量标准的制定提供科学数据。     

黄精中三萜皂苷的提取分离与结构鉴定

黄精PolygonatumsibiricumDelar.exRedonte为百合科黄精属多年生草本植物,以根茎入药。《中国药典》收录滇黄精、黄精和多花黄精3种植物为黄精的“原生药”。药理研究表明:黄精具有降低血糖、血脂的功效,在保护心血管、增强免疫系统功能、延缓衰老、抗炎、抗病毒、抗真菌及解毒等方面具有较好的活性[1,2]。黄精的化学成分主要有皂苷和多糖,另含有少量的蒽醌、生物碱等化合物。《中国药典》2000年版收录黄精的两种皂苷成分:呋喃甾烷类皂苷(黄精皂苷A,sibiricosidesA)和螺旋甾烷类皂苷(黄精皂苷B,sibiricodesB)[1]。中国科学院昆明植物研究…     

山蚂蝗属植物化学成分与生物活性研究进展

豆科Leguminosae山蚂蝗属Desmodium植物的化学成分主要为萜类、黄酮类、甾体、生物碱类化合物,具有抗氧化、抗菌消炎、保肝,解热镇痛、利胆利尿等药理活性。该文综述了2003年来山蚂蟥属20余种植物的化学成分及生物活性研究进展,为该属植物的研究与利用提供理论依据。     

黄精属植物甾体皂苷类成分及药理活性研究进展

 目的介绍百合科黄精属植物甾体皂苷类成分及其药理活性研究概况。方法查阅国内外资料并进行分析和综述。结果黄精属植物含有多种甾体皂苷类成分;其具有降血糖、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、改善学习记忆等多种药理活性。结论黄精属植物中甾体皂苷类成分具有较好的活性,值得深入研究。     

丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16促进A549细胞凋亡及其机制研究

目的观察丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16对人肺癌细胞A549凋亡的影响,并探讨其促凋亡的作用机制。方法体外培养A549细胞,给予不同浓度的YB16干预,采用MTT比色法检测A549细胞增殖;荧光显微镜观察吖啶橙(AO)、5,5′,6,6′-四氯-1,1′,3,3′-四甲基咪唑并羰花青碘化物(JC-1)染色的细胞荧光变化;流式细胞术检测碘化丙啶(PI)单染、Annexin V-FITC/PI双染、细胞线粒体膜电位(JC-1染色)的变化;采用2′,7′-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐(DCFH-DA)法检测细胞活性氧(ROS)量的变化,免疫印迹法(Western blotting)检测YB16对细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。结果丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16显著抑制A549细胞的生长(P0.05),呈量效关系;随着药物浓度的增加,与对照组相比,细胞形态有显著变化;不同浓度YB16作用A549细胞后,细胞凋亡率上升(P0.05);细胞线粒体膜电位下降明显;细胞内ROS水平上升,具有显著性差异(P0.05);YB16作用A549细胞24 h后,抗细胞凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达下降,促细胞凋亡蛋白Bax的表达增加,激活型半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cleaved-Caspase-3)表达增加(P0.05)。结论丫蕊花甾体皂苷YB16能抑制细胞增殖,降低细胞线粒体的膜电位,提升细胞ROS水平,促进细胞凋亡,具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。     

茄属植物甾体皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进展

茄科茄属植物全世界约有2 000多种,多分布于热带及亚热带地区,少数分布于温带地区。该文对近10年来文献报道的茄属植物中甾体皂苷成分及其药理活性研究进行了综述,该类化合物主要具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎、抗病毒、抗氧化、降糖降血脂等多种活性。茄属植物中的甾体皂苷类化合物具有很大的开发潜力和应用价值,该文为其进一步研究提供参考。     

A review of the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Sapium

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Several species from the genus Sapium possess a broad range of medicinal properties and they have been used as traditional medicines by indigenous groups in several regions such as Malaysia, Africa, Southern China and Bolivia. Most of the species reported to possess therapeutic effects which are used for the treatment of skin-related diseases such as eczema and dermatitis, but they may also be used for overstrain, lumbago, constipation and hernia. Species of this genus are also used to treat wounds and snake bites. In addition, the saps/latex of Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum have/has toxic effects and are used as bird and fish poisons. This review discusses the current knowledge of the medicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities and toxicities of species from the genus Sapium to reveal their therapeutic potentials and gaps offering opportunities for future research.

Materials and methods

This review is based on a literature study of scientific journals and books from libraries and electronic sources, such as ScienceDirect, PubMed and ACS.

Results

As many as 65 compounds are included in this review. They belong to different classes of compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids and several other types of compounds, such as alkaloids, phenolic acids and amides. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts and single compounds of species from this genus exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. However, Sapium glandulosum, Sapium indicum and Sapium sebiferum were reported to possess toxic effects and Sapium sebiferum was found to contain phorbol esters acting as a tumor-promoting agent.

Conclusion

The genus Sapium consists of 23 accepted (high confidence) species. However, only very few of species have been phytochemically and pharmacologically studied. There is great potential to discover new chemical constituents from this genus because only a few species have been phytochemically investigated thus far. Only 27 compounds of 65 identified compounds have been studied for their biological activities. Several extracts and single compounds from this genus were reported to exhibit interesting biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, the toxicity studies of some phorbol esters suggested that the compounds acted as potential tumor-promoting agents by stimulating protein kinase C. This is an interesting fact in which a plant with medicinal properties also possesses toxic effects as well. Therefore, more clinical studies on the toxicity of the extracts of the plants and the compounds isolated from this genus are also crucial to ensure their safety and to assess their eligibility for use as sources for modern medicines.     

Correlation among cytotoxicity,hemolytic activity and the composition of steroidal saponins from Paris L.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Cytotoxicity and hemolysis of saponins were the characteristic activities. Many researches have been devoted to the synthesis of saponins devoid of the hemolysis by structure-activity relationship studies. However, saponins contained in the plants were not fully researched on the two activities such as Parissteroidal saponins. Paris steroidal saponins as the active compounds of Paris plants have multiple effects.Materials and Methods: In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of Paris plants collected from twelve places in China. The contents of nine known steroidal saponins in the plants were determined simultaneously using HPLC-ELSD method. The two activities are not related to the contents of saponins.Results: As the results of hemolysis of saponins shown, the hemolysis was positive related to the sugar chain. The membrane toxicity suggested that the integration of saponins with the membrane in erythrocyte was correlated to the kinds of saponins and the hemolysis of disosgenyl saponins were stronger than that of pennogenyl glycosides.Conclusions: These results provided information about the hemolysis and cytotoxicity of Paris steroidal saponins, which may be useful for their synthesis devoid of hemolysis toxicity.     

紫堇属藏药的化学与药理学研究进展

我国有紫堇属植物约298种,其中特有10组219种,广泛用于藏医藏药。紫堇属藏药主要用于感冒发烧、肝炎、水肿、胃炎、胆囊炎、高血压等多种疾病。其化学成分主要为异喹啉生物碱。现代药理学研究表明紫堇属植物对心血管系统、中枢神经系统、抗菌、镇痛、抗炎、保肝、抗氧化等,皆有明显的作用。该文对我国紫堇属藏药的种属、分布、化学成分、药理活性等进行系统综述,并对其相关研究现状和前景进行了展望,以期为紫堇属藏药的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

鹅掌柴属化学成分与药理活性研究进展

鹅掌柴属Schefflera植物是五加科Araliaceae无刺乔木或灌木,广泛分布于两半球的热带与亚热带区域,在中国主要分布于西南与东南地区。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗风湿痹痛、跌打肿痛、骨折、头痛、牙痛、腰痛、脘腹疼痛等多种疼痛。该属植物的化学成分主要是三萜及其皂苷类,除此还有长链化合物、甾体及其苷类、倍半萜、有机酸、苄苷类、单糖及寡糖、木脂素、醌类、二萜等。药理活性主要表现在镇痛抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌抗病毒、受体结合活性、抗过敏、抗疟疾等方面。为了更好的开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了该属植物的化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

Medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of the many plants with diverse medicinal properties where all its parts have been used as traditional medicine in the treatment and prevention of several kinds of ailments in many countries such as for treatment of piles, skin diseases, and wounds.

Aim of this review

This review discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of this species in order to reveal its therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities.

Material and methods

This review is based on literature study on scientific journals and books from library and electronic sources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, ACS, etc.

Results

Several different classes of flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones, flavans, and chalcones, and several types of compounds including terpenes, steroid, and fatty acids have been isolated from all parts of this plant. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts, and single compounds of this species exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities.

Conclusion

The results of several toxicity studies indicated that extracts and single compounds isolated from this species did not show any significant toxicity and did not cause abnormality on some rats' organs. Thus, this plant has a potential to be used as an effective therapeutic remedy due to its low toxicity towards mammalian cells. However, further study on chemical constituents and their mechanisms in exhibiting certain biological activities are needed to understand the full phytochemical profile and the complex pharmacological effects of this plant. In addition, further study on the toxicity of the other compounds isolated from this plant required to be assessed to ensure their eligibility to be used as sources of drugs.     

绵枣儿属药用植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展

绵枣儿属Scilla植物是百合科多年生草本,约90种,广布于欧洲、亚洲和非洲的温带地区,少数也见于热带山地。我国产1种和1变种,即绵枣儿和白绿绵枣儿。该属中多种植物可以药用,常被用于治疗跌打损伤,腰腿疼痛、筋骨痛等。该属植物的化学成分主要是尤可甾醇衍生的三萜及其糖苷、蟾蜍甾、高异黄酮、生物碱、二苯乙烯及少量的木脂素等。药理活性主要表现在抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗肿瘤和糖苷酶抑制等方面。为了更好地开发利用本属药用植物,该文综述了其化学成分与药理活性的研究进展。     

Ethnobotany,phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana used in traditional Chinese medicine

The genus Caragana is a member of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae and is native to arid and semi-arid areas of the temperate zones of Asia and Eastern Europe. Many species are cultured for dune-fixation, livestock forage and biological resources for fuel energy and fiber production. More than 10 species in this genus have a long history of use in traditional Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan medicines and are believed to “nourish yin, invigorate the spleen, temper the blood and promote blood flow”. They have been used for the treatment of a wide range of ailments including fevers, inflammation, wounds and infections, dizziness, headache, hypertension, female disorders, arthritis and cancer. Over 100 phytochemicals have been identified with flavonoids and stilbenoids being the major constituents of this genus. Clinical studies have demonstrated the pharmacological activities of different Caraganum species, e.g. Caragana sinica for the treatment of hypertension, and in vivo and/or in vitro studies have provided some support for other traditional uses, e.g. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, phytoestrogenic, immunostimulant and immunosuppressant activities. However, further studies to identify the active components and further verify the pharmacological activities are warranted. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Caragana.