江苏省0～6岁儿童肢体残疾的流行病学调查

目的：了解江苏省儿童肢体残疾的患病率及危险因素。方法：抽查江苏省各地区0～6岁儿童9998人，采用国务院批准、由全国残疾人抽样调查领导小组印发全国残疾人抽样调查五类《残疾标准》进行诊断。结果：确诊为肢体残疾者共27人，时点患病率为2．70‰。结论：江苏省儿奄肢体残疾的患病率与1987年相似，影响肢体残疾的主要因素为家庭儿童数等。     

宁夏银川市兴庆区残疾人流行病学调查

目的了解银川市兴庆区各类残疾人的数量、结构、地区分布、家庭状况及其健康教育等情况，为残疾人地救治、康复等相关事业提供信息。方法依据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查方案，采用分层、多阶段、整群、概率比例抽样方法，对所属8个小区及自然村共计3423人进行了调查。结果各类残疾现残率为5．5％，其中以听力和肢体残疾现残率最高，均为1．93％，其他依次为多重残疾（1．05％）、视力残疾（0．98％）、智力残疾（0．49％）和精神残疾（0．21％），而言语残疾的现残率（0．00）最低，各种残疾之间现残率有十分显著统计学意义。随年龄增高总的残疾现残率也在增高，高峰在65岁以上的老年患者，年龄对患病率差异有十分显著统计学意义。结论银川市兴庆区各类残疾现残率高于1987年第一次全国残疾人抽样调查水平和宁夏调查水平。     

精神疾病 智能低下所致残疾320例评定结果分析

残疾人是指在心理、生理、人体结构上,某种组织、功能丧失或者不正常,全部或者部分丧失以正常方式从事某种活动能力的人。残疾人包括视力残疾、听力残疾、言语残疾、肢体残疾、智力残疾、精神残疾、多重残疾和其他残疾的人。根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据推算,我国目前各类残疾人总数为8 296万人,占全国人口总数6.34%。     

国外言语残疾预防的现状及对我国的启示

2006年4月1日起至5月31日，我国进行了第二次全国残疾人抽样调查。根据第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据推算，全国各类残疾人的总数为8296万，其中言语残疾127万人，占1．53％。与第一次全国残疾人抽样调查不同，第二次全国残疾人抽样调查首次把听力残疾与言语残疾分开调查，凸出了对言语残疾工作的重视，也便于与际接轨。言语残疾通过早期预防、干预，可以部分甚至完全恢复正常言语功能，一旦错过最佳治疗期，言语功能将很难恢复，     

头皮针抽气法提高脑血栓形成后偏瘫患肢肌力技术

我国中风发病率约为80～120人／10万人，在我国疾病谱中居第二位。据1987年中华人民共和国国家统计局关于全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据的公报显示：脑内疾病所引起的肢体残疾约118万人，占全体残疾患者的15．63％，约3／4幸存者不同程度丧失劳动力，重度致残者占40％以上。     

概况

概况朱镛连中国康复研究中心（１０００７７）据１９８７年我国政府进行的全国残疾人抽样调查报告，我国残疾人总数为５１６４万，占总人口数的４．９０％，其分布为听力语言残疾占３４．２８％，智力残疾占１９．６９％，肢体、视力残疾各占１４．６２％，精神病残疾占３...     

肢体残疾成年人生活状况和自我感受1：1配对分析

本文通过对武汉市桥口区１４０名肢体残疾成年人生活状况，生活感受和生活需要的配对调查分析，探讨了肢体残疾成年人生活状况及与非残疾人生活状况的差异情况。结果表明；肢体残疾成年人在受教育程度方面其构成比和非残疾人构成比差异无显著性意义。分布具有一致性；在婚姻，职业，经济收入等构成方面低于非残疾水平，但均高于１９８７年全国残疾人抽样调查情况；在现患疾病，医疗费用，生活感受等方面与非残疾人的差异均有显著性意     

四川省残疾人受教育程度分析

目的：分析四川省残疾人受教育情况。方法：根据第2次全国残疾人抽样调查方案,采取分层、多阶段、整群、概率比例抽样调查38个县市,152个乡镇/街道,304个小区,40351户人家,总人口125641人,男62735人,占49.93%;女62906人,占50.07%;城市38125人,占30.34%;农村87 516人,占69.66%。结果：抽查的6岁及以上人群中,大部分为小学文化程度和初中文化程度,分别占人口比例40.5%和27.3%;6岁及以上残疾人中,大部分为不识字及小学,分别占人口比例49.5%和33.3%;所调查的残疾人中,有88人中专文化程度,有40人获得了大学专科学历,16人获得大学本科学历。在调查的残疾人中,多重残疾人及智力残疾人受教育程度更差,不识字所占比例更大,分别为70%和62.4%;其次为视力残疾人及听力残疾人,分别为54.8%和48%。结论：四川省残疾人受教育程度不容乐观,大部分为不识字及小学;在调查的残疾人中,多重残疾人及智力残疾人受教育程度更差,其次为视力残疾人及听力残疾人,表明智力残疾,视力残疾及听力残疾对残疾人接受教育影响更大。     

新疆听力语言残疾人调查

根据全国残疾人抽样调查手册全疆随机抽样调查了30 896人,包括儿童11391人,查出听力语言残疾471人,包括综合残疾110人,占调查总人数的1.52%(文中称现残率)。儿童78人,现残率0.68%。按1986年人口数推算,全疆仅听力语言残疾人16.2万,其中儿童2.2万。通过分析残疾人的民族、地区分布特点及致残病因表明:残疾人中维吾尔族、柯尔克孜族现残率明显高于其它民族;先天残疾中,因家族遗传/近亲结婚致残率高于其它病因,后天残疾中因高烧疾病、双中耳炎、药物中毒致残率高。     

人工耳蜗

<正>在我国,听力残疾居最常见的五种残疾之首,据2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查显示,我国听力残疾人已达2780万,其中7岁以下儿童有80万,12岁以下儿童有100万。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.