豹皮樟总黄酮对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的作用及部分机制研究

目的研究豹皮樟总黄酮(total flavonoids of Litseacoreana Leve,TFLC)对佐剂性关节炎的治疗作用及其机制。方法采用福氏完全佐剂诱导大鼠佐剂性关节炎(adjuvant-induced arthritis,AA)模型,观察TFLC的抗炎作用;放免法测定AA大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophages,PMΦ)中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的含量;MTT法检测AA大鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;HE染色法观察AA大鼠膝关节病理组织学变化;免疫组化法观察AA大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞中基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP-9)蛋白表达情况。结果TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)对AA大鼠的原发性、继发性炎症具有明显的抑制作用,降低多发性关节炎评分;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)可提高AA大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)有效降低AA大鼠PMΦ产生的TNF-α、IL-6水平;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)改善AA大鼠膝关节病理损伤;TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)能明显降低AA大鼠膝关节滑膜细胞中MMP-9的蛋白表达。结论TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)对AA大鼠具有明显的治疗作用,抗炎机制可能与调节免疫功能、减少细胞因子的生成以及抑制基质金属蛋白酶的蛋白表达有关。     

A pharmacological and phytochemical overview on Satureja

Context: Satureja (Lamiaceae) species are used as flavoring compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its sweetness and simple cultivation characteristics. They have traditionally been used as muscle pain relievers, tonic, and carminative agents to treat stomach and intestinal disorders such as cramps, nausea, indigestion, and diarrhea, due to their considerable phytochemical characteristics.

Objective: This review evaluates some information published since 1989 on Satureja genus from a systematic perspective in terms of its pharmacological and phytochemical characteristics.

Materials and methods: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2014. “Satureja” was used as a research term without narrowing or limiting research elements. After obtaining all reports from database (a total number is about 637), the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review.

Results: In this review, 453 reports were used which were published between 1989 and 2014. The study was compiled into two sections (Pharmacology and Phytochemistry). In the pharmacology section, more than 50 different activities were studied. In the second section, in addition to other compounds and inorganic substances, volatiles, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were discussed.

Discussion and conclusion: According to our contemporary information, Satureja species have been evaluated for their wide range of biological activities. However, a small part of these studies have been carried out on the active principles. Therefore, in the future, more studies should be carried out to identify responsible phytochemicals for the various activities.     

豹皮樟总黄酮对胶原性关节炎大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生细胞因子及其免疫功能的影响

目的研究豹皮樟总黄酮(total flavonoids of LitseacoreanaLeve,TFLC)对胶原性关节炎大鼠(collagen-inducedarthritis,CIA)腹腔巨噬细胞(peritoneal macrophage,PMΦ)产生细胞因子及其免疫功能的影响。方法Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(collagenⅡ,CII)和氟氏完全佐剂(CFA)诱导大鼠胶原性关节炎(CIA)模型,采用体重、足爪肿胀及病理组织学变化等指标评价TFLC对CIA大鼠的治疗作用;无菌取PMΦ,体外用药(TFLC0.05、0.5、5mg·mL-1),采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法检测CIA大鼠PMΦ分泌白细胞介素1(interleukin-1,IL-1)的水平,小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖法检测CIA大鼠脾细胞分泌白细胞介素2(interleukin-2,IL-2)的水平,放射免疫测定法和反转录RT-PCR法分别检测CIA大鼠PMΦ中肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)的分泌和表达,中性红法测定CIA大鼠PMΦ的吞噬功能。结果TFLC(50、100、200mg.kg-1)能抑制关节肿胀,增加CIA大鼠体重,改善膝关节病理损伤。TFLC(0.05、0.5、5mg·mL-1)可降低CIA大鼠PMΦ过强的吞噬功能,下调脾细胞IL-2的分泌水平和腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1的分泌水平,同时抑制PMΦTNF-α的分泌水平以及TNF-αmRNA的表达。结论TFLC对CIA大鼠关节炎具有明显抑制作用,其抗炎和免疫抑制作用与其降低CIA大鼠PMΦ过强的吞噬功能,抑制细胞因子的分泌和表达有关。     

用正交设计法优选老鹰茶总黄酮的提取工艺

目的优选老鹰茶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺.方法以芦丁为对照,AlCl3为显色剂,用紫外分光光度法在410 nm处测定总黄酮含量,以总黄酮含量为指标,应用正交实验,优选老鹰茶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺.结果老鹰茶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为80%乙醇,12倍量,回流提取3次,每次2 h.结论紫外分光光度法方便、快捷,可用于老鹰茶总黄酮提取工艺的优选.     

A review of botany,phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Ferulago angulata

Ferulago angulata (Chavil in Persian) is from Umbelliferae family. This article has reviewed the phytochemical, pharmacological and medicinal properties of Ferulago angulata. The information of this review article was gathered from journals and books accessible in databases such as Science Direct, SID, google scholar, Hindawi, PubMed, Scopus and ACS. Chavil possesses phenolic compounds, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids, so it has several activities, for example antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, larvicidal and anti-amnesic properties. Traditional applications and valuable components of Chavil in treatment could provide the source as a lead compound to develop plant-derived medications.     

豹皮樟总黄酮体外对酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响

目的探讨豹皮樟总黄酮(TFLC)对酒精性脂肪肝(AFL)大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响。方法大鼠自由饮用含乙醇饮料,起始浓度为5%,依次增加为10%,15%,20%,25%,30%和35%,每个浓度持续1周,第8周～第12周浓度为40%的方法制备大鼠AFL模型,原位二步灌流法分离AFL大鼠肝细胞,用细胞角蛋白18(CK18)抗体进行肝细胞鉴定。肝细胞培养16 h后加入TFLC 1,10和100 mg.L-1或谷胱甘肽(GSH)10 mmo.lL-1孵育48 h。MTT法测定肝细胞存活,用试剂盒方法检测肝细胞丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性以及肝细胞内甘油三酯(TG)含量,免疫组化和逆转录PCR方法测定脂肪分化相关蛋白(ADRP)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果 TFLC对正常大鼠肝细胞存活无明显影响。TFLC 100 mg.L-1明显增加AFL大鼠肝细胞存活(P<0.05)。AFL大鼠肝细胞培养液ALT和AST活性分别为(63±12)和(74±19)U.L-1,TFLC 10和100 mg.L-1分别将ALT活性降低到(42±12)和(44±8)U.L-1(P<0.05),将AST活性降低到(46±14)和(47±8)U.L-1(P<0.05)。AFL大鼠肝细胞内TG含量为(2.3±0.6)mmol.L-1,TFLC 10和100 mg.L-1分别将AFL肝细胞内TG含量降低到(1.4±0.3)和(1.5±0.5)mmo.lL-1(P<0.05)。AFL肝细胞ADRP和PPARγ阳性表达细胞分别为(41±6)%和(37±10)%,TFLC 100 mg.L-1治疗组ADRP和PPARγ阳性表达细胞分别降低为(26±6)%(P<0.01)和(25±5)%(P<0.05)。结论 TFLC可能通过改善肝细胞活性、减少肝细胞内TG生成、抑制ADRP表达及调控肝细胞PPARγ的表达,从而改善AFL大鼠肝细胞的脂肪变性。     

Bombacaceae: A phytochemical review

Context: Bombacaceae is a small family of the order Malvales and contains about 28 genera and 200 species. Members of this family are not only showy ornamentals but they possess significant economical and commercial reputation as well. In addition, various plant parts of several species are widely used as foods and traditional medicines in many parts of the world.

Objective: Chemical analyses of Bombacaceae species have recently yielded a number of important phytocompounds belonging to different classes. Hence, this work represents a comprehensive appraisal of the phytochemical studies conducted on Bombacaceae plants.

Materials and methods: Searches were conducted using electronic databases (e.g., Medline, Pubmed, Academic Journals, and Springer Link); general web searches were also undertaken using Google applying some related search terms "e.g., Bombacaceae, phytochemical studies of Bombacaeae plants, and chemical investigation of Bombacaeae", journals and scientific theses. The bibliographies of papers relating to the review subject were also searched for further relevant references.

Results: Chemical investigations were concentrated primarily on certain species leaving fertile fields for further phytopharmacological research.

Conclusion: The reviewed findings present Bombacaceae species as an untapped reservoir of phytocompounds which may play a supportive role in the pharmaceutical field and will be of high chemotaxonomic value within this recently separated family.     

豹皮樟总黄酮对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究豹皮樟总黄酮(litsea coteana total flavone,LCTF)对环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,Cy)诱导的免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法以Cy50mg·kg-1ip给药,每天1次,连续2d,诱导小鼠免疫低下模型,采用碳廓清试验、溶血素生成试验、二硝基氟苯(DNFB)诱导的迟发性超敏反应,观察LCTF对免疫低下小鼠非特异性免疫、体液免疫和细胞免疫的影响。结果碳廓清试验,LCTF(200、400mg·kg-1)组可提高Cy致免疫低下小鼠的吞噬指数α值和廓清指数K值,提高免疫低下小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能;溶血素试验,LCTF(100、200mg·kg-1)组能提高免疫低下小鼠血清IgM和IgG的生成,LCTF(100、200、400mg·kg-1)能增加免疫低下小鼠脾细胞溶血素的产生;LCTF(200、400mg·kg-1)组可明显促进免疫低下小鼠DTH反应,LCTF(100、200、400mg·kg-1)能提升CD4+、CD8+细胞数以及CD4+/CD8+比值,并能提高脾淋巴细胞生产IL-2含量。结论以上结果表明,LCTF通过广泛刺激小鼠的特异性及非特异性免疫应答,对免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能有良好的增强作用。     

Potential protective effects of a traditional Chinese herb,Litsea coreana Levl., on liver fibrosis in rats

Objectives It was found that total flavonoids from Litsea coreana Levl. (TFLC), which is a traditional Chinese medicine, had a preventive effect against hepatic steatosis in our previous study. This study was designed to evaluate whether TFLC could improve liver fibrosis in rats. Methods The liver fibrosis model rats were treated with composite factors of high‐fat emulsion (10 ml/kg) via gavage accompanied by a subcutaneous injection of low‐dose CCl₄. Thirty rats were given composite factors plus TFLC (100, 200, 400 mg/kg), respectively, for 8 weeks. Key findings The results showed that TFLC (200 and 400 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the elevation of liver index (liver weight/body weight) and spleen index (spleen weight/body weight), alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, hyaluronic acid, laminin, procollagen III N‐terminal peptide, procollagenase IV and hydroxyproline. In addition, TFLC treatment improved the morphologic changes of hepatic fibrosis, suppressed expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 and TGFβ receptor (TGFβR)1, and increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ expression in the liver of hepatic fibrosis rats. Conclusions In conclusion, TFLC is able to ameliorate liver injury and protect rats from liver fibrosis. This process may be related to inhibiting the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 and increasing the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ.     

Chemical constituents from the roots and stems of Litsea cubeba

A new monoterpene and a new lignan, named litsecols A and B (1 and 2), respectively, together with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated in a continuous investigation on the roots and stems of Litsea cubeba. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configuration of 1 was resolved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 2–5 and 7–9 showed significant inhibitory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine microglial (Bv-2) cell line. Compounds 10 and 11 exhibited significant neuroprotective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line.     

A novel aryltetralone lignan from Litsea pedunculata

A novel aryltetralone lignan, pedunculine A (1), together with a known lignan cagayanone A (2), was isolated from the leaves and twigs of Litsea pedunculata. The structure of the new lignan was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

A new N-methoxyl-carbonyl benzylisoquinoline from Litsea cubeba

A new benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (?)-N-methoxycarbonyl-norjuziphine (1) was isolated from Litsea cubeba. Its structure was identified by extensively spectroscopic techniques and confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against HL-60 and MCF-7 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 18.1 and 15.0 μM, respectively, comparable to 3.1 and 17.5 μM of the cisplatin (positive control).     

豆豉姜的化学成分分离和结构鉴定

运用硅胶柱色谱技术对豆豉姜的甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过理化常数和光谱分析鉴定8个化合物,分别为正二十四碳酸（1）、β-谷甾醇（2）、β-胡萝卜苷（3）、芒籽香碱（4）、N-甲基六驳碱（5）、六驳碱（6）、N-反式阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺（7）和N-顺式阿魏酰-3-甲氧基酪胺（8）。其中,化合物1、4、7和8为首次从豆豉姜中分离得到。     

老鹰茶组织培养初探

目的针对老鹰茶(豹皮樟)野生自然繁育难,资源更新周期长的情况。初步探讨豹皮樟的组织培养技术。方法以老鹰茶的叶、叶柄,茎段、芽孢、种子为外植体,在MS+BA2.0 mg·L-1+NAA0.2 mg·L-1的培养基培养,观察愈伤组织状况;在其组织培养工作中污染问题较严重,该实验中采用了3种消毒方法:(1)75%酒精消毒30 s→10%次氯酸钠浸泡10 min→无菌水洗3次;(2)0.1%升汞液灭8 min→10%次氯酸钠浸泡10 min→无菌水洗3次;(3)75%酒精消毒30 s→0.1%升汞液灭菌8 min→无菌水洗3次。结果早春和秋后芽孢为最优外植体,污染率相对较低,愈伤组织诱导率达36.4%,表面消毒以第3种方法效果最好。结论由早春、秋后的芽孢为外植体,初步得到了老鹰茶组织培养的无菌材料,为进一步的研究提供了基础。     

豹皮樟总黄酮对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的防治作用

目的研究豹皮樟总黄酮(TFLC)对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的防治作用。方法SD大鼠48只,随机分为6组(n=8):对照组、模型组、烟酸组及TFLC组(50、100、200 mg.kg-1)。除对照组外,其余各组每天给予脂肪乳剂和相应药物。实验开始后3 d收集72 h的粪便,测定粪便中脂质;于1 wk后断尾取血,测定血清脂质;3 wk后处死动物,测定血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和肝匀浆TG、TC、MDA、SOD,并行肝脏病理学检查。结果模型组大鼠出现NASH,烟酸组及TFLC组(100、200 mg.kg-1)均能降低血清和肝脏TG,肝脂肪变性程度和炎症均明显减轻;TFLC组(200 mg.kg-1)还能降低血清和肝MDA,提高肝组织SOD活性。结论TFLC可以降低大鼠血和肝组织TG,且能改善NASH大鼠脂肪变,减轻炎症反应。其机制可能是:TFLC抑制TG在肠道的吸收,同时减轻脂质过氧化。     

小叶锦鸡儿种子中的生物碱及其细胞毒活性

目的鉴定小叶锦鸡儿种子中的生物碱类成分,研究其抗癌活性。方法采用色谱和光谱法对小叶锦鸡儿种子中所含有的总生物碱进行分离并作结构鉴定;对小叶锦鸡儿种子的总生物碱及分离得到的5个生物碱单体分别进行细胞毒活性筛选。结果从总生物碱中共分离得到了5个原小檗碱型生物碱,分别为去氢白莲叶碱、黄连碱、表小檗碱、脱氢卡维丁以及刻叶紫堇明碱,它们对Saos-2,A375,Hela细胞株均表现出明显的细胞毒活性。结论5个生物碱单体均为首次从锦鸡儿属植物中分离得到,提示小叶锦鸡儿种子提取物具有抗肿瘤的药用价值。