基于预算机制的非结构化P2P网络搜索算法

目前非结构化对等网络(P2P)搜索算法均采用生存时间（TTL）机制控制搜索算法的搜索深度,有效地控制了搜索消息在网络上的传播,对于盲目搜索算法控制效果较好。但是TTL机制由于存在着在相同的搜索半径内所搜索的节点数目差异巨大、各个搜索分支只能搜索同一深度等缺陷,搜索效果不稳定且不能较好支持目前主流的基于兴趣域等导向性搜索算法。针对这一问题,提出采用预算机制取代TTL机制,通过使用预算值取代传统的TTL值来控制搜索的深度和搜索节点数目,能保证搜索节点数目较固定且能实现不同搜索分支采用不同搜索深度,从而更好地支撑导向性搜索算法。实验表明,基于预算机制的非结构化P2P网络搜索算法的搜索节点数目稳定,导向性好,算法搜索效率较高。     

基于DHT的分布式P2P网络搜索模型

P2P搜索技术是当前P2P网络的研究热点和难题。现有的算法主要有中心服务器式的搜索算法和分布式的搜索算法等,但中央搜索服务器很容易就成为系统性能的瓶颈,分布式的搜索算法查找按照简单洪泛的方式进行会造成巨大的带宽和资源浪费。本文在Chord算法和SHA算法的基础上,设计了基于DHT的分布式快速精确搜索P2P网络搜索模型,并讨论了该P2P网络的建立过程并分析了该模型的优缺点。     

基于DHT的分布式P2P网络搜索模型

P2P搜索技术是当前P2P网络的研究热点和难题。现有的算法主要有中一心服务器式的搜索算法和分布式的搜索算法等,但中央搜索服务器很容易就成为系统性能的瓶颈,分布式的搜索算法查找按照简单洪泛的方式进行会造成巨大的带宽和资源浪费。本文在Chord算法和SHA算法的基础上,设计了基于DHT的分布式快速精确搜索P2P网络搜索模型,并讨论了该P2P网络的建立过程并分析了该模型的优缺点。     

基于本体的P2P网络资源检索算法研究

为使基于DHT的结构化P2P网络支持语义检索,提高查全率,提出一种基于DHT和本体的搜索方法SOC (semantic ontology chord).针对结构化P2P网络搜索时只能根据关键词精确匹配的缺点,改进了DHT中的资源标识符,利用本体技术进行模糊搜索,并使兴趣相似节点在逻辑上处于邻近位置,提高了P2P网络中资源检索的查全率.使用Peer-Sim模拟器进行了仿真模拟,仿真实验结果表明,随着网络规模的增加,该搜索方法相比Chord模型具有较高的查全率.     

P2P网络下一种基于DHT的视频点播方案

在基于P2P的视频点播系统中,节点邻居选择策略对服务质量有很大的影响。提出一种基于DHT（Distributed Hash Table）的P2P覆盖网络下视频点播（Video-on—demand）的解决方案。通过网络坐标系统的拓扑发现能力,充分结合DHT网络高速搜索和VoD视频点播的特性、构造一种具有高效邻居选择能力、高用户自由度、高可靠性、扩展性的体系架构。针对架构设计中资源发布份发、资源的搜索、视频点播的实现等关键问题提出了解决方案,分析了系统的特性。     

基于反馈的非结构化P2P网络混合搜索算法*

为了提高P2P网络搜索效率和有效地减少冗余消息,提出一种基于反馈的混合搜索算法,将查询消息在某些高度数节点处转发给多个邻居节点而在其他节点处只转发给一个邻居节点,并且在搜索过程中利用先前搜索的反馈信息来指导搜索,以选择能够返回最多最近响应结果的邻居节点转发消息.算法分析和实验结果表明,该算法不仅实现了较高的成功率、响应率和搜索效率,还能有效地减少冗余消息,并且具有良好的自适应能力,能快速适应不断变化的网络行为.     

结构化纯分布式P2P网络复杂搜索算法研究

随着P2P技术的快速发展,结构化P2P网络的复杂搜索问题已是制约结构化P2P网络技术得到成功应用的最重要因素之一。为此,本文首先分析了结构化P2P网络的复杂搜索问题的产生原因和背景,对当前主要的基于结构化P2P网络的复杂搜索算法进行了较为全面的分析和评价。     

基于多媒体特征的抗扰动P2P搜索算法

基于多媒体特征的分布式文件搜索算法应用在扰动的P2P环境时,因节点频繁加入、退出,导致拓扑破坏和搜索效果大幅下降。针对上述问题,提出能够克服网络扰动、适用于P2P环境的搜索算法,该算法将分布式多媒体搜索算法与P2P动态更新机制集成。实验结果表明,该算法在高强度的扰动环境下能保持稳定和高效的性能。     

基于P2P网络的机顶盒VoD系统条件接收机制

近年来,基于对等网络(Peer-to-Peer,P2P)的视频点播(Video-on-Demand,VoD)作为付费网络电视业务的一种新趋势受到了越来越多的关注,然而对等网络自身存在的不稳定性、异构性等缺陷,导致这种系统存在较大的信息安全隐患,从而严重阻碍了其推广使用.基于P2P网络的机顶盒VoD系统条件接收机制分析了现有系统的不安全因素及问题症结,提出了一种适用于P2P网络的VoD系统动态双向条件接收(Conditional Access,CA)机制,通过采用双向认证协议来保证通信双方身份的可靠性.同时在身份认证中可以结合密钥协商,生成用于传输控制字的业务密钥.另外,在简化设计的同时,也进一步提高了系统的安全性.     

基于用户兴趣的P2P资源搜索算法设计与分析

P2P搜索效率跟P2P用户的特性相关,本文将基于P2P用户的群聚特性,在纯P2P网络之上,构建基于用户兴趣的覆盖网络,并设计相应的资源搜索策略.本文通过计算节点间的相似度来构建覆盖网络,根据查询请求和节点的相关度来决定搜索策略并从理论上证明了本文提出的搜索算法的性能优于随机漫步和简单洪泛.实验结果显示,本文提出的搜索算法的平均搜索时间和消息复杂度均优于随机漫步搜索算法.     

P2PVoD中基于束层的调度策略研究与设计

由于P2P环境的高度动态性和异构性,以及流媒体服务的高宽带和连续性强的特征,P2P点播系统中数据片断的调度便显得尤为重要。本文针对基于数据驱动的网状P2P点播系统提出了基于束层的调度策略,通过合理地分配紧急数据片断的调度和非紧急数据片断的调度以保证视频连续播放。模拟实验表明,该调度策略能够很好地保证视频的连续播放。     

基于经济模型的分布式流媒体缓存策略

为提高基于P2P技术的流媒体点播系统的服务质量,提出一种基于经济模型的分布式流媒体缓存策略,采用分布式一致性算法计算视频分段的流行度,并根据内容流行度的高低给出相应的缓存置换策略。仿真实验结果表明,该策略可以有效降低服务器的负载以及启动延时,能够获得较好的性能。     

一种多层次的P2P VoD系统结构

针对VoD系统节目点播的不均匀特性以及P2P系统的动态变化特性,设计了一种多层次的网络拓扑组织结构,包括：链网状结构、基于服务频道的块状分群结构、以及DHT查询存储结构,以保证不同点播频率的节目都能获得较好的QoS保证。仿真结果表明,这种多层次的系统结构可以有效地保证用户的QoS需求。     

P2P流媒体网络的关键节点识别算法

P2P流媒体网络中普遍存在一些关键节点,关键节点对网络的安全和通信性能起着重要作用,识别网络中的关键节点尤为重要,而传统方法对于大规模网络的关键节点识别时间开销很大,无法保证实时性。提出P2P流媒体网络中的关键节点识别算法,结合混合模式的网络结构特点,采用分区域的计算模型解决网络规模过大造成的巨大时间开销问题,根据节点的贡献度和传播能力差异定量化描述节点的重要性程度。仿真结果表明,所提算法可以快速获得节点重要性排序,有效识别P2P流媒体网络中的关键节点。     

基于P2P的流媒体点播技术研究与展望

视频点播数据传输的离散程度,给P2P流媒体点播技术带来了极大的挑战.分析了P2P流媒体点播技术的基本问题,从媒体资源定位和分发两个方面介绍各种已提出的协议和算法,结合P2P视频点播的特点和网络应用的实际需求分析其优点和不足,并以此为基础提出有待解决的主要问题,为进一步的研究和应用提供有益的参考.     

P2P网络中基于谣言传播机制的资源搜索算法

当前许多P2P网络如KaZaA和Gnutella模型仅使用“洪泛”广播机制,从而造成严重的通信拥塞。针对这种现状,提出了一种基于谣言传播机制的资源搜索算法,任何运行该算法的源节点只需要相对少的节点参与通信,就能以相对大的概率找到资源。仿真结果表明,该算法是优异的。     

基于P2P的用户生产内容视频资源查找策略

现有用户生产内容(UGC)类视频系统通常采用C/S架构设计,导致了视频服务器极大的带宽压力。提出一种采用对等网(P2P)的在线短视频查找策略——FastSearch,其目的是利用视频资源之间的关联关系进行视频资源定位,以显著提高点播节点之间的视频分享效率并降低对视频服务器的带宽需求。实验表明FastSearch具备良好的视频数据源节点查找能力,集成了该查找策略的短视频系统能有效减少对视频服务器的带宽消耗。     

Rate-sensitive leverage of QoS and QoP for ubiquitous video streaming via buffer-aware feedback control

Providing real-time Internet video streaming anytime, anywhere and using any devices from different access networks preserves more challenges to equilibrate the quality of service (QoS) and security protection (QoP). Because encryption/decryption for video packets are time-consuming processes to protect real-time video streaming services from eavesdropping, our observation is that the playback buffer occupancy (PBO) can simply indicate time availability to adjust security level to affect the packet sending rate. In this paper, we present an end-to-end buffer-aware feedback control from client PBO for effectively securing media streaming for heterogeneous clients over ubiquitous Internet. That is, security-level adjustments can be applied further to keep PBO running away from overflow and underflow to pursue an effective leverage between QoS and QoP. To further boost the protection, we also apply the Diffie-Hellman key negotiation method to provide the dynamic key changes. Moreover, since the running PBO will vary on the dynamics of Internet from access time, client devices and access networks, the different applied security levels and key changes during the video streaming session will make eavesdropper more difficult to recover all the encrypted videos delivered in public networks. We demonstrate the leverage performance in preserving both QoS and QoP for ubiquitous video streaming in our proposed schemes by comprehensive experiments on a true VoD system. The experimental results show our secure VoD scheme can achieve cost-effective leverage of QoS and QoP from different inserted network dynamics, even if client buffer size is limited to 256 KB only.     

InstantLeap: an architecture for fast neighbor discovery in large-scale P2P VoD streaming

In large-scale peer-to-peer (P2P) video-on-demand (VoD) streaming applications, a fundamental challenge is to quickly locate new supplying peers whenever a VCR command is issued, in order to achieve smooth viewing experiences. For many existing commercial systems which use tracker servers for neighbor discovery, the increasing scale of P2P VoD systems has overloaded the dedicated servers to the point where they cannot accurately identify the suppliers with the desired content and bandwidth. To avoid overloading the servers and achieve instant neighbor discovery over the self-organizing P2P overlay, we design a novel method of organizing peers watching a video. The method features a light-weight indexing architecture to support efficient streaming and fast neighbor discovery at the same time. InstantLeap separates the neighbors at each peer into a streaming neighbor list and a shortcut neighbor list, for streaming and neighbor discovery respectively, which are maintained loosely but effectively based on random neighbor list exchanges. Our analysis shows that InstantLeap achieves an O(1) neighbor discovery efficiency upon any playback “leap” across the media stream in streaming overlays of any size, and low messaging costs for overlay maintenance upon peer join, departure, and VCR operations. We also verify our design with large-scale simulation studies of dynamic P2P VoD systems based on real-world settings.     

BitTorrent-like P2P approaches for VoD: A comparative study

The enormous popularity of Video on Demand (VoD) has attracted substantial research attention into the effective use of peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures to provide solutions at large-scale. In particular, the high efficiency of BitTorrent has inspired many P2P protocols for VoD. However, these protocols use different approaches to adapt the design of Bittorrent to VoD, and in most cases their performance has been evaluated separately and in limited scenarios. As a consequence, the research community still lacks a clear understanding of how these protocols compare against each other and how well each of them would work in real world conditions, where, for instance, peers have heterogeneous bandwidths, may freeride or may be located behind NAT/firewall.In this paper, we propose a simulation based methodology which aims at putting forward a common base for comparing the performance of these different protocols under a wide range of conditions. We show that, despite their considerable differences: (i) existing BitTorrent-like VoD approaches all share some characteristics, such as that their bandwidth reciprocity based methods to incentivize cooperation do not always yield an optimal overall performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that (ii) in these protocols there is a trade-off between QoS and resilience to freeriding and malicious attacks. We also discover that, (iii) when peers doing streaming coexist with peers doing traditional file transfer, the latter actually benefit from this coexistence, at the expenses of the former. Finally, we show that (iv) early departures of peers from the system do not significantly affect the QoS delivered, while jumping to a different position in the file has a bigger negative impact. Overall, our findings provide important implications for both VoD service providers and future system designers. On the one hand, our results can guide VoD service providers in selecting the most appropriate protocol for a given environment. On the other hand, exposing the flaws of current approaches will help researchers in improving them and/or designing better ones.