纳米CaCO3复合微粒增韧增强PC/ABS合金

经甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯双单体聚合包覆的纳米碳酸钙形成了核壳结构增韧复合微粒。在双螺杆挤出机中采用二次挤出法制备出PC/ABS/纳米碳酸钙复合材料。研究纳米碳酸钙复合微粒对PC/ABS合金力学性能的影响表明:添加适量纳米CaCO3复合微粒,PC/ABS合金的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度都得到提高。纳米CaCO3复合微粒具有无机纳米颗粒和弹性体双重协同增韧的作用,其表面的聚合物分子链与基体树脂起到嵌段增容作用。     

纳米CaCO3复合微粒的制备以及在PVC塑料中的应用

将甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)双单体在纳米碳酸钙粒子存在下的水相悬浮液中进行无皂乳液聚合,制备纳米碳酸钙聚合物复合微粒,研究了纳米碳酸钙复合微粒的加入对PVC复合材料结构形态与性能的影响,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了纳米CaCO3复合微粒/PVC复合材料的微观结构及断面形态.研究结果表明:双单体无皂乳液聚合方法是一种很好的纳米碳酸钙表面改性方法,当单体的配比和种类适当时,复合微粒对PVC可同时起到增强和增韧的作用,纳米碳酸钙复合微粒与基体的牢固结合以及大量的拉丝状结构是复合微粒对PVC增强增韧的关键因素.     

PVC/(VC/EA)/n-CaCO3复合材料的制备及其性能研究

通过对纳米碳酸钙表面改性及其对聚氯乙烯(PVC)/氯乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物(VC/EA)/纳米碳酸钙(n-CaCO3)三元复合体系加工成型工艺等的考察,研制了(PVC)/(VC/EA)/n-CaCO3复合材料,并对其力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:利用将VC/EA共聚物与纳米CaCO3先制成复合母粒,再与PVC进行共混的二次分散成型工艺,有利于纳米CaCO3在基体中的分散;当复合母粒中VC/EA与n-CaCO3的比例为2∶3(质量分数比,下同)时,材料的力学性能最佳,n-CaCO3对材料具有补强作用,并且n-CaCO3和VC/EA能协同增韧PVC,使材料的冲击强度得到大幅度提高,当PVC和复合母粒比例为100/20时,材料的冲击强度达到38.2 kJ·m-2,是纯PVC(PVC的冲击强度为4.9 kJ·m-2)的7.8倍,拉伸强度仍高达50.8MPa.     

微悬浮法CaCO3表面接枝PMMA及其在PVC中的应用

在水介质中,超声作用下用油酸对纳米碳酸钙进行表面修饰,再以微悬浮原位聚合法用PMM A进行接枝包覆,成功制备了PMM A/C aCO3复合粒子。借助透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TG)等分析手段对复合粒子的形态结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,油酸可通过羧酸盐的形式吸附于碳酸钙粒子表面,一定量PMM A通过油酸分子的不饱和双键接枝于碳酸钙粒子表面。将所得PMM A/C aCO3复合粒子与PVC共混制得PVC/PMM A/C aCO3复合材料。复合材料的TEM照片表明,C aCO3粒子非常均匀地分散在PVC基体中,两相界面模糊。随着PMM A/C aCO3纳米复合粒子用量的增加,复合材料的强度和韧性同时提高。当复合粒子用量高于12%时,复合材料的冲击强度可提高3倍,而拉伸强度下降很少。     

ABS/改性纳米CaCO3复合材料的微观结构和力学性能

制备了改性纳米CaCOa／ABS复合材料,采用SEM和TEM对复合材料的微观结构进行了分析,同时,对复合材料的力学性能进行了考察。结果表明,改性纳米CaCO3可以在ABS塑料中与树脂充分结合,同时改性纳米CaCO3在复合材料中呈纳米分散。复合材料的断面产生了大量的网状结构。分散在丙烯腈一丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)中的改性纳米CaCO3可提高复合材料的裂缝引发能和裂缝增长能。其单缺口冲击强度达到36．77kJ／m^2,与未添加纳米CaCO3的相比提高了44％;邵氏硬度达到34．87N,提高了23．5％。     

ABS/PET复合材料的制备及界面相容性

采用醇化聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PETG)和乙烯-正丁基丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)进行改性,再与丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物树脂(ABS)制成复合材料。扫描电镜(SEM)表明,改性后的PET相在ABS基体中分散均匀,形成的分散相区尺寸小,相容性好。红外光谱分析发现,界面经冷热循环后,PET分子中乙二醇链段从左右式构象转变为反式构象,当复合材料在经受高低温试验的过程中,PET和ABS因具有不同膨胀系数而在界面处产生应力。采用改性PET可使ABS/PET复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度分别提高10.8%、13.3%和150%。     

改性纳米或微米SiO_2的分散方法对木粉-SiO_2/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

未改性和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTS)改性的纳米SiO_2和微米SiO_2作为增强相,采用直接分散(干分散)和溶液分散(湿分散)两种方法将SiO_2添加到聚丙烯(PP)基体中。将木粉(WF)作为改性相添加到SiO_2改性的PP中制备WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料,探索SiO_2粒径、分散度及界面改性对复合材料增强效果的影响。红外光谱显示改性后的SiO_2已经成功接枝到PP基体上;与未填充SiO_2的WF/PP复合材料相比,干分散模式添加质量比为9%的微米SiO_2或9%的纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的弯曲强度分别降低了21%和18%;然而,湿分散模式以VTS改性微米SiO_2和纳米SiO_2,WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料弯曲模量分别提高了17%和22%,且抗蠕变性能也明显改善;通过干分散和湿分散模式添加微米SiO_2,均使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料冲击强度提高了17%。研究表明,在SiO_2粒子分散均匀且与基体界面结合良好的前提下,加入适量微米SiO_2或纳米SiO_2使WF-SiO_2/PP复合材料的冲击强度提高了15%～25%。     

PVC\弹性体\纳米CaCO3复合体系的加工和组成对力学性能的影响

详细研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)、氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和纳米碳酸钙(Nano-CaCO₃)的三元复合体系的加工工艺和组成变化与力学性能之间的关系。研究表明:如果先将CPE等弹性体和纳米CaCO₃制成母粒,然后再与PVC进行混合,有利于纳米粒子在基体中的分散,在复合体系中,纳米CaCO₃和CPE达到了协同增韧PVC的作用,同时,纳米CaCO₃具有补强作用,且当母粒的组成为CPE/纳米CaCO₃=1∶2时,对PVC改性效果最佳。      

表面改性对聚丙烯/纳米氢氧化镁复合材料性能的影响

研究了表面处理剂(钛酸酯和硅烷偶联剂)对聚丙烯/纳米氢氧化镁(MH)阻燃复合材料性能的影响。通过高压毛细管流变仪、LO I、力学测试、DSC和SEM对PP/纳米MH复合体系的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,所选偶联剂能有效地降低复合体系的表观黏度,改善体系的流动性。未改性的纳米MH对PP基体有异相成核作用;而表面改性剂能削弱填料对基体的异相成核作用。改性后的纳米MH粒子以独立形式均匀分散在基体中,PP与纳米MH界面的粘接力得到了加强,复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击强度有较大幅度的提高,阻燃性能也得到了改善。     

SBS及SBS-MAH改性PS/纳米CaCO3复合材料的研究

将嵌段热塑性弹性体SBS与PS及纳米C aCO3熔融复合以增韧PS及PS/纳米C aCO3复合材料。结果显示:在含5 phr纳米C aCO3的PS/纳米C aCO3复合材料中加入不同比例的SBS后,随SBS含量增加,复合材料的缺口冲击强度及无缺口冲击强度均增加,复合材料的缺口敏感性及拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率则成倍增加,材料在达到挠度3.2 mm时不发生弯曲断裂现象,显示出SBS对PS良好的增韧效果。M AH对SBS的接枝改性有助于进一步提高PS/SBS/纳米C aCO3复合材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度。电镜照片显示纳米C aCO3在PS基体中主要呈微米分散状态,SBS的加入有助C aCO3纳米分散程度的提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.