河源气候与板栗生产

本文通过开展板栗生长发育期的观测和调查，总结河源市板栗生产和气候条件的关系，找出板栗生产中的气象灾害及防御措施，提出河源市发展板栗生产的建议。     

我国板栗气候生态区划探讨

通过对中国板栗产量的地理分布、气候生态区划及其对气候条件的要求的探讨、在我国97～122°E、25～40°N的地区均能栽培板栗,但作为经济林果,其主要集中在110°E以东、25～40°N的地区.根据板栗生态气候条件的类似性及地方品种群的分布,可将中国板栗产地划分为6个区,即东北区(Ⅰ)、北方区(Ⅱ)、西北区(Ⅲ)、长江中下游区(Ⅳ） 、东南沿海区(Ⅴ)、云贵区(Ⅵ);Ⅱ、Ⅳ区最适宜板栗栽培,而Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ区,须采取措施使板栗免受气象灾害.     

秦巴山区板栗气候生态条件及高产栽培技术

依据板栗树生长的生态气候习性，采用气象资料和有关实践经验，运用类比综合等方法，分析研究秦巴山区板栗树生长对生态气候条件的适宜程度，并提出进一步开发气候资源和提高板栗产量措施和建议。     

浙江省板栗气候生态区划探讨

探讨了浙江省板栗产量的分布及气候生态区划间题。根据板栗的生物学特性、地区冬季热量条件和7～8月份水分条件的类似性及各县板栗产量的分布现状,将我省划分为3个板栗气候生态栽培区。     

陇东南地区板栗生态气候适应性的研究

在分析栗树气修适应性的基础上，用统计学方法定量计算了气候因子对板栗产量的影响，确定了板栗生态气候主导指标，依此对陇东南地区栗树进行区划，并提出较好利用气候的有效途径。     

青皮竹生产与气候生态环境的关系

广宁青皮竹已有二千多年的历史。青皮竹竹材流通，竹节平滑，出技位高，刚柔适度，是最好的蔑用竹，每年都有大量出口。本文专门对广宁青皮竹生产与气候生态环境的关系作了一些分析，仅供参考。1青皮竹生长发育与气候生态环境的关系青皮竹又称青竹、黄竹、篾竹。其地下茎合轴丛生，竹杆直立，先端下垂，根系和竹杆非常密集，生长快，生长量大，蒸腾作用强，较散生竹能耐水湿，而对土壤、水肥的要求则高于散生竹。出笋期5～9月，花期2～9月[1]。青皮竹需要温暖湿润的气候条件：①年平均温度18～22℃，1月平均温度在10℃左右（可耐－3℃低温）…     

湖北省粮食生产的气候生态环境与可持续发展刍议

湖北历来就是我国的主要产粮大省之一。根据近20多年湖北省粮食生产概况，揭示了存在于全省粮食生产中的结构性弊端；同时，从气候生态环境对发展粮食生产的影响出发，分析了有利于湖北粮食生产的种种气候生态因素，提出了在湖北省实现粮食生产可持续发展的若干对策。     

黔东南州油菜生产的主要气候因子分析

利用黔东南州1971--2000年30a的气候资料,根据油菜种植的主要农业气候生态特性,分析黔东南州种植生产油菜的气候条件优越性及影响其产量的灾害性天气。结果表明,黔东南州种植生产油菜的光、温、水条件优越、但是受秋绵雨、秋冬干旱、冬季低温雪凝、春季干旱等灾害性天气的不同影响,造成黔东南州油菜产量不稳定。     

广西天气气候对人体健康的影响

采用广西多年季、月、旬平均气温、季平均相对湿度和历年的月最高气温、极端最高气温、主要天气气候事件等气象资料以及广西疾病预防控制中心的疾病监测数据和相关医学文献,对广西气候因素对人体健康的影响开展研究。结果显示,冬季和秋季的寒潮、夏季高温热浪,春、秋、冬季的"回南天"、低温阴雨是对人体健康影响较大的天气气候事件;气象因素引发的主要疾病包括心脑血管疾病、呼吸道疾病、胃肠道疾病等,其中受气象因素影响而致死的疾病中以心脑血管疾病死亡率最高,呼吸道疾病死亡率居第二位。     

Impact of climate change on mid-twenty-first century growing seasons in Africa

Changes in growing seasons for 2041–2060 across Africa are projected using a regional climate model at 90-km resolution, and confidence in the predictions is evaluated. The response is highly regional over West Africa, with decreases in growing season days up to 20% in the western Guinean coast and some regions to the east experiencing 5–10% increases. A longer growing season up to 30% in the central and eastern Sahel is predicted, with shorter seasons in parts of the western Sahel. In East Africa, the short rains (boreal fall) growing season is extended as the Indian Ocean warms, but anomalous mid-tropospheric moisture divergence and a northward shift of Sahel rainfall severely curtails the long rains (boreal spring) season. Enhanced rainfall in January and February increases the growing season in the Congo basin by 5–15% in association with enhanced southwesterly moisture transport from the tropical Atlantic. In Angola and the southern Congo basin, 40–80% reductions in austral spring growing season days are associated with reduced precipitation and increased evapotranspiration. Large simulated reductions in growing season over southeastern Africa are judged to be inaccurate because they occur due to a reduction in rainfall in winter which is over-produced in the model. Only small decreases in the actual growing season are simulated when evapotranspiration increases in the warmer climate. The continent-wide changes in growing season are primarily the result of increased evapotranspiration over the warmed land, changes in the intensity and seasonal cycle of the thermal low, and warming of the Indian Ocean.     

鲁西南木本植物生长季及物候期持续日数对气候变暖的响应

以1981-2010年中国鲁西南地区的植物为研究对象,采用统计分析法研究7种木本植物生长季与物候期持续日数对气候变暖的响应规律。结果表明：1981-2010年中国鲁西南地区气温呈极显著上升趋势（p<0.01）,随着气候变暖,木本植物春季物候期间隔缩短,秋季物候期间隔延长,全生长季延长,且全生长季变化趋势比各物候持续期变化趋势明显;展叶持续期主要与上月、当月和持续月平均气温呈负相关,其中梧桐展叶持续期与当月平均气温呈极显著负相关（p<0.01）;旱柳和刺槐开花持续期与持续月平均气温呈显著正相关（p<0.05）;叶变色持续期和落叶持续期与上月、当月、结束月和持续月平均气温呈正相关,其中旱柳与平均气温达到显著正相关（p<0.05）。木本植物全生长季与气温呈正相关,其中旱柳生长季变化对气候变暖的响应最敏感,其次是榆树、梧桐和楝树生长季变化对气候变暖的响应较敏感;随着年平均气温每升高1 ℃,植物生长季延长3.0-20.0 d;年平均最高气温每升高1℃,生长季延长5.0-14.0 d;年平均最低气温每升高1 ℃,生长季延长2.0-18.0 d。     

广西气候与建筑设计

对广西建筑设计所涉及的气候参数进行了计算和分析,给出了南宁、桂林的基本风压、采暖通风和空调室外气象参数和建筑采光系数,为建筑部门提供了科学依据。     

浅析黔西县种植巴西蘑菇的气候条件

对黔西种植巴西蘑菇生长的环境条件进行气候条件的分析.     

广西寒露风开始期短期气候预测方法研究

利用1951-2013年广西90个气象观测站气温资料、国家气候中心74项指数和美国National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration（NOAA）的Climate Prediction Center（CPC）60项指数以及海温和陆地雪盖资料、美国国家冰雪研究中心（NSIDC）的两极海冰资料,使用相关分析方法得到广西寒露风开始期气候影响因子,利用逐步回归和神经网络方法进行寒露风开始期的预测。结果表明：寒露风开始期与前一年9-10月北极海冰面积、当年3月南极海冰面积、前一年6月欧亚雪盖、当年5月北美雪盖、北半球雪盖的相关显著。与前一年9月北半球极涡面积指数、前一年10月亚洲区极涡面积指数、前一年3月热带印度洋海温偶极子等指数相关显著。粒子群-神经网络方法预测误差低于逐步回归方法,预报能力有明显提高。     

Relevance of soil moisture for seasonal climate predictions: a preliminary study

In the framework of the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP), the ISBA land-surface scheme of the ARPEGE atmospheric general circulation model has been forced with meteorological observations and analyses in order to produce a two-year (1987–1988) soil moisture climatology at a 1^°×1^° horizontal resolution. This climatology is model dependent, but it is the climatology that the ARPEGE model would produce if its precipitation and radiative fluxes were perfectly simulated. In the present study, ensembles of seasonal simulations (March to September) have been performed for 1987 and 1988, in which the total soil water content simulated by ARPEGE is relaxed towards the GSWP climatology. The results indicate that the relaxation has a positive impact on both the model's climatology and the simulated interannual variability, thereby confirming the utility of the GSWP soil moisture data for prescribing initial or boundary conditions in comprehensive climate and numerical weather prediction models. They also demonstrate the relevance of soil moisture for achieving realistic simulations of the Northern Hemisphere summer climate. In order to get closer to the framework of seasonal predictions, additional experiments have been performed in which GSWP is only used for initialising soil moisture at the beginning of the summer season (the relaxation towards GSWP is removed on 1st June). The results show a limited improvement of the interannual variability, compared to the simulations initialised from the ARPEGE climatology. However, some regional patterns of the precipitation differences between 1987 and 1988 are better captured, suggesting that seasonal predictions can benefit from a better initialisation of soil moisture.     

广西气候对注射模型的影响及维护措施

探讨广西不同气候条件下保养教学用注射模型的有效措施.方法：选取320具注射模型作为研究对象,将注射模型按随机编号抽签法分为4份,每份80具模型.分别于2013年春夏秋冬四个季节进行研究,每个季节的80具模型随机分成实验组和对照组各40具.对照组按照模型生产厂家的产品使用、保养要求进行保养,实验组针对广西四季的气候条件采用不同的维护方法进行维护.结果：针对广西气候条件采用不同的维护方法,模型发霉率明显低于传统的保养方法（P＜0.05）.结论：根据广西不同的气候条件对教学用注射模型采用不同的维护方法,对防止模型霉变、延长使用寿命具有重要意义.     

Framing the way to relate climate extremes to climate change

The atmospheric and ocean environment has changed from human activities in ways that affect storms and extreme climate events. The main way climate change is perceived is through changes in extremes because those are outside the bounds of previous weather. The average anthropogenic climate change effect is not negligible, but nor is it large, although a small shift in the mean can lead to very large percentage changes in extremes. Anthropogenic global warming inherently has decadal time scales and can be readily masked by natural variability on short time scales. To the extent that interactions are linear, even places that feature below normal temperatures are still warmer than they otherwise would be. It is when natural variability and climate change develop in the same direction that records get broken. For instance, the rapid transition from El Ni?o prior to May 2010 to La Ni?a by July 2010 along with global warming contributed to the record high sea surface temperatures in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans and in close proximity to places where record flooding subsequently occurred. A commentary is provided on recent climate extremes. The answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be.