低合金钢的大气腐蚀规律研究

大气腐蚀受自然环境影响因素很多.通过暴露试验,对09CuPTiRE等8种低合金钢和普通碳钢(A3钢)在宜昌、三斗坪、秭归3个试验点进行了大气腐蚀试验,获得了1,2,5 a的腐蚀数据.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针分别进行了锈层形貌观察、结构分析及锈层内合金元素分布的测试,采用电化学腐蚀测试仪对锈层进行了阳极极化曲线测定.结果表明:试样在宜昌站的平均腐蚀速率(16.9～23.9 μm/a)是三斗坪站(9.4～14.6 μm/a)的1.5倍左右;耐蚀性最好是09CuPTiRE钢,暴露5 a后其相对耐蚀性在三斗坪约为A3钢的1.54倍,在宜昌约为A3钢的1.41倍.锈层的物理分析及阳极极化曲线的测定验证了暴露试验结果.     

经济型耐大气腐蚀钢大气曝晒腐蚀性能研究

随着耐大气腐蚀钢的应用越来越广泛,掌握其耐大气腐蚀性能显得十分重要.采用电化学方法、电子探针等手段对JT345经济型耐大气腐蚀钢在北京、青岛、沈阳3地1年大气曝晒的试样进行分析研究,并采用Q235B和Corten A钢作为对比钢.电化学试验表明,大气腐蚀过程中生成的锈层,使电化学阳极过程受到显著的阻滞.电子探针与电子能谱分析结果表明,JT345钢的内锈层存在有效合金元素的富集,使内锈层结实、致密、牢固,抑制了腐蚀性物质的侵入,保护了基体金属.结果表明JT345经济型耐候钢具有优良的耐蚀性能,腐蚀率接近CortenA的水平,随着曝晒时间的延长,腐蚀率还将显著地下降,JT345钢的耐大气腐蚀的优越性将会更加充分体现出来.     

碳钢在辽宁省大气中腐蚀产物的分析

利用X－射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对A3钢及对耐候钢在辽宁省大气中暴露试样的腐蚀形貌、特征及腐蚀产物的结构进行分析，结果表明，A3钢及耐候钢腐蚀产物中主相为γ－FeOOH，次相为α－FeOOH和Fe3O4，随着暴露时间延长，α－FeOOH含量增多；耐候钢中外状晶体α－FeOOH多于A3钢．同时，对部分地点试样表面腐蚀产物清洗液的原子吸收光谱分析表明，锈层产物完全可以反映暴露地点耐大气污染状况．     

用大气腐蚀监测技术研究A3钢的室内加速腐蚀行为

采用大气腐蚀监测(ACM)技术结合传统的失重法研究了A3钢在中性盐雾加速腐蚀试验和凝露状态下SO2气体加速腐蚀试验下的腐蚀行为及规律,并探讨了两种方法的相关性.结果表明:ACM技术与失重法间的相关性良好,ACM技术在某种程度上可替代失重法作为研究A3钢室内加速腐蚀行为及规律的有效、方便、快捷的手段.     

微量SO2条件下硫酸铵颗粒沉积对A3钢大气腐蚀的影响

研究微量SO2存在的实验室模拟条件下，沉积不同质量硫酸铵颗粒的A3钢的大气腐蚀行为，发现沉积硫酸铵颗粒的A3钢试样比其空白试样的腐蚀严重，而且随着沉积量的增加，样品的腐蚀现象更为严重。用IR和SEM分析研究了不同周期样品表面的结构和形貌，发现腐蚀主要沿着硫酸铵颗粒沉积的地方进行，腐蚀产物的颗粒逐渐变大，随着腐蚀时间的延长，样品表面的铵根离子逐渐减少，腐蚀产物主要由α-FeO(OH),γ-FeO(OH)和δ-FeO(OH)组成。     

30CrMnSiNi2A钢与TC18钛合金表面处理前后的接触腐蚀性能

为了弄清30CrMnSiNi2A钢与TC18钛合金表面处理前后的接触腐蚀性能,对2种材料作了不同的表面处理,研究了其偶接电偶腐蚀的敏感性和表面防护效果;对低腐蚀敏感性的偶对不同的连接状态作了模拟海洋大气的盐雾加速腐蚀,测量了30CrMnSiNi2A钢的疲劳寿命,总结了优良的防护措施。结果表明：30CrMnSiNi2A钢与TC18钛合金直接接触腐蚀严重,电偶腐蚀敏感性为D级;30CrMnSiNi2A钢磷化与TC18钛合金阳极氧化后的偶对腐蚀敏感性降低至B级;30CrMnSiNi2A钢磷化涂漆后与TC18阳极氧化偶对的腐蚀敏感性仍为B级,但其电偶电流进一步降低,30CrMnSiNi2A钢（磷化后涂漆）与TC18（阳极化）之间无论是否胶结连接形成偶对时,盐雾腐蚀对30CrMnSiNi2A钢的疲劳寿命没有显著影响。30CrMnSiNi2A钢表面磷化后涂漆是防止接触腐蚀的有效措施。     

Q235钢在含硫污水中的腐蚀行为研究

为了评价含硫污水的腐蚀性,采用失重法、腐蚀形貌分析、XRD物相结构分析等手段,研究了Q235钢在60℃石化含硫污水介质中不同暴露方式(大气区、全浸区)及不同浸泡时间的腐蚀行为;采用电化学测试技术研究了含硫污水介质中温度对Q235钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:Q235钢在污水介质中腐蚀严重,在大气区的腐蚀性比全浸区的大,大气区最大腐蚀速率达258.0μm/a,全浸区最大腐蚀速率为94.6μm/a,并且随着时间的延长,Q235钢在大气区和全浸区的腐蚀速率均有所降低,表明Q235钢表面的腐蚀产物膜对其腐蚀起到了一定的抑制作用;Q235钢在全浸区的腐蚀产物主要是FeS,在大气区的腐蚀产物主要是FeOOH、FeS、Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4;随着含硫污水介质温度的升高,腐蚀电流密度明显增加,低频阻抗值明显降低,污水介质的腐蚀性增强,加快了Q235钢的腐蚀。     

近海大气中耐侯钢和碳钢抗腐蚀性能的研究

通过大气曝晒腐蚀试验研究了碳钢和耐候钢的腐蚀情况 ,通过金相观察和EPMA分析 ,讨论了合金元素对耐候钢的抗大气腐蚀能力的影响。根据碳钢和耐候钢的电化学交流阻抗谱特征 ,提出了钢在近海大气中腐蚀的等效电路模型 ;同时通过对上海地区碳钢和耐候钢腐蚀数据的回归分析 ,得出两类材料的腐蚀深度和腐蚀时间的关系方程     

A3钢在庆氧环境中的微生物腐蚀电化学特性研究

用交流阻抗法、动电位扫描法研究了A3钢在无菌培养液和培养液加硫酸盐还原菌的厌氧体系中的腐蚀行为。实验结果表明：硫酸盐还原菌(简称SRB)参与了A3钢的电化学行为，在SRB参与的腐蚀过程中，SRB加速A3钢的腐蚀，它对A3钢的阳极极化过程影响很大，而对阴极过程影响很小     

海洋平台大气区17种钢的腐蚀规律

对国家海水网站厦门试验平台大气区，投放的１７种碳钢和低合金钢腐蚀数据进行了分析，讨论了钢在特定海洋平台大气区下的不同腐蚀规律，分析了合金元素对耐蚀性能的，评价海洋平台大气区用钢提供了依据。     

Zn的乡村大气腐蚀

在辽宁省乡村进行 Zn 的大气暴露试验,绘制乡村气氛中 Zn 的腐蚀图,并讨论大气环境因素对Zn 的腐蚀速率的影响。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under an accelerated simulation marine atmospheric environment

The corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under simulated marine atmospheric environment has been studied using mass-gain, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), laser scanning confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and localized electrochemical methods. The results demonstrate that the relationship between the corrosion induced mass-gain and the corrosion time is in accordance with the power rule. The mass-gain increases gradually during the corrosion time, while the corrosion rate decreases. With ongoing of the corrosion, corrosion products film changed from a porous to a compact structure. The various spectroscopic data show that the corrosion products films composed mainly of Al(OH)₃, Al₂O₃ and AlCl₃. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the 2A02 Al alloy was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).     

大气环境条件下复合材料与金属电偶腐蚀及控制方法研究

研究了碳纤维环氧复合材料与30CrMnSiA钢、LF2防锈铝和TC4钛合金相互偶接时所产生的电偶腐蚀。测量了复合材料与金属在3.5%NaCl溶液中的开路电位，研究了在北京、青岛团岛和海南万宁等典型气候条件下，1，3，5年的大气暴露电偶腐蚀对金属力学性能的影响，结果表明，海南万宁的气候环境对复合材料与30CrMnSiA的电偶腐蚀影响最为严重，对防止电偶腐蚀的方法进行了一定的讨论。     

Influence of NaCl Deposition on Atmospheric Corrosion of A3 Steel

Regularity of the initial atmospheric corrosion of A3 steel in the presence of NaCI was investigated. The results showed that NaCI can accelerate the corrosion of A3 steel. Dry mass gain of A3 steel in the presence of NaCI deposition increases with the exposure time, which can be correlated by using exponential decay function. The relationship between dry mass gain and amount of NaCI deposition at a certain exposure time follows a quadratic function. More amount of NaCI deposition will slow down the corrosion rate to some extent after exposure for a certain time. SEM/EDAX was used to characterize the corrosion surface and products. The surfaces of the NaCI treated A3 steel were obviously uneven, and some tiny crevices appear in the corrosion products that could help O2 transmit to the inner layer. The amount of oxygen in atomic percentage in the corrosion products increases with the amount of NaCI deposition.     

Influence of NaCl Depostition on Atmospheric Corrosion of A3 Steel

Regularity of the initial atmospheric corrosion of A3 steel in the presence of NaCl was investigated.The results showed that NaCl can accelerate the corrosion of A3 steel.Dry mass gain of A3 steel in the presence of NaCl deposition increases with the exposure time,which can be correlated by using exponential decay function.The relationship between dry mass gain and amount of NaCl deposition at a certain exposure time follows a quadratic function.More amount of NaCl deposition will slow down the corrosion rate to some extent after exposure for a certain time .SEM/EDAX was used to characterize the corrosion surface and products.The surfaces of the NaCl treated A3 steel were obviously uneven, and some tiny crevices appear in the corrosion products that could help O2 transmit to the inner layer.The amount of oxygen in atomic percentage in the corrosion products increases with the amount of NaCl deposition.     

Influence of A1 Content on the Atmospheric Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium-Aluminum Alloys

The influence of Al content on the Mg-Al alloys corrosion performance during sodium chloride induced atmospheric corrosion has been studied. It was found that the corrosion rate of three Mg-Al alloys was accelerated with increasing Al content. The poor corrosion resistance was attributed to the galvanic coupling between the β phase and eutectic phase or α phase and the formation of porous corrosion products.     

Effect of tin addition on corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel in simulated costal-industrial atmosphere

The effect of tin addition on the atmospheric corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel in simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere has been investigated by indoor wet/dry cyclic corrosion test (CCT). The results indicate that tin addition can obviously make the steel substrate more resistant to atmospheric corrosion by suppressing the cathodic H⁺ reduction reaction, and but tin addition is not of obvious beneficial effect when the steel is covered with a thicker rust layer during long-term corrosion process. The reason lies in the fact that the presence of un-reduced H⁺ can lower the electrolyte pH value and lead to a loose and porous rust layer on tin-containing steel sample than that on tin-free steel sample. In addition, the 120 CCT cycles corrosion process of the two steels can be divided into three stages. Both the tin-free and tin-containing steels show an increasing corrosion rate during the initial corrosion stage and then exhibit a decreasing corrosion rate during the second and third corrosion stages. Moreover, tin addition makes the tin-containing steel rust layer have a higher amount of α-FeOOH and lower amount of γ-FeOOH and Fe₃O₄ than the tin-free steel rust layer.     

Microporous corrosion behavior of gold-plated printed circuit boards in an atmospheric environment with high salinity

The microporous corrosion is the main surface failure mechanism of gold-plated components. The microporous corrosion behavior of electroless nickel and immersion gold (ENIG)-plated printed circuit boards (PCBs) in Turpan area which has an atmospheric environment with high salinity was investigated via a field exposure method for 24 months, as well as 3D analysis, FIB technology, composition analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and corrosion mechanism model. After 6 months of exposure, the corrosion products filled up the pores and clustered on the surface as mound shape, and a possible corrosion mechanism model was displayed in the study after 24 months of exposure. The results showed that PCB-ENIG mainly suffered microporous corrosion in a high salinity atmospheric environment. The pores on the gold-plated coating were location where corrosion occurred first and the corrosion products were mostly oxides, chlorides, sulfates and carbonates of copper and nickle.     

Results of studying atmospheric corrosion in Vietnam 1995–2005

Vietnam is situated in the wet tropical zone; thus, atmospheric conditions are characterized by high temperatures and a long time of wetness (TOW). In addition, the salt air coming in from the sea causes a high chloride concentration in coastal areas. Furthermore, Vietnam is a developing country, which means that air pollution is increasing with the development of industry. These factors result in significant damage to materials by atmospheric corrosion. In this report, the results of a recent study on the corrosion of carbon steel and zinc-galvanized steel at 6–8 testing sites in Vietnam over 10 recent years (1995–2005) are focused on as well as the effects of environmental factors on atmospheric corrosion. The results showed that the corrosion of carbon steel is dominated by TOW, whereas zinc-galvanized-steel corrosion strongly depends on the chloride ion concentration in the air. The corrosion losses of both carbon- and zinc-galvanized steel fit the power model well with high correlation coefficients. In addition, the characteristics of the Vietnamese climate are introduced in the form of distribution maps of temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), total rainfall and TOW. A relationship between TOW, T and RH was found that enabled the calculation of TOW from T and RH data, which are available at meteorological stations. Finally, atmospheric corrosivity is determined on the basis of data on TOW, Cl^– and SO₂ concentrations, and the carbon steel corrosion rate. It is shown that in Vietnam, TOW is so long that the corrosion rate of carbon steel is in the C₃ category; nevertheless, Cl^– and SO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere are not high.     

Understanding environmental impacts on initial atmospheric corrosion based on corrosion monitoring sensors

Atmospheric corrosion monitoring(ACM)sensors were employed to study the initial atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels over a one-month period in six outdoor dynamic atmospheric environments in China.Based on the~250,000 corrosion data sets collected,the environmental impacts of relative humidity,temperature and rainfall on the initial corrosion behavior of carbon steels were investigated.The results showed that rainfall was the strongest environmental factor influencing the initial atmospheric corrosion rate.Relative humidity significantly influenced the corrosion of carbon steels in low-precipitation environments and non-rainfall period.