对编制规划的机关成为环境影响评价主体的法律思考

我国《环境影响评价法》规定对规划和建设项目要进行环境影响评价。编制规划的机关首次成为了与项目建设者同样重要的环境影响评价主体。笔者在对编制规划的机关的范围、职责和所应承担的法律责任分析的基础上,就编制规划的机关成为环境影响评价主体提出了自己的法律思考,以期有助于我国的环境影响评价工作真正落到实处。     

The interactive landscape plan: Use and benefits of new technologies in landscape planning and discussion of the interactive landscape plan in Koenigslutter am Elm, Germany

Information technologies (IT) provide new approaches for better access to environmental information and for improving the implementation of environmental goals in landscape planning. Many potentially suitable tools already exist. However, most have been developed in a different planning context, such as town planning or environmental impact assessment, and are only partly suitable for the comprehensive task of landscape planning. A number of important questions concerning the application of these tools in landscape planning remain unanswered: which types of tools are needed to solve the problems in landscape planning?; must these tools be adapted to the special conditions of landscape planning?; how should they be co-ordinated and ultimately integrated into a landscape planning support system? An analysis of the implementation problems in German landscape planning and the potentials of IT suggests new approaches and answers to these questions. This paper explores the effective use of IT in landscape planning and describes a model landscape planning support system that was developed and tested during the research project 'Interactive Landscape Plan' in Koenigslutter am Elm, Germany. The pilot project incorporated important components of an IT-supported landscape planning system: a geographical information system (GIS), tools for the support of communication in public participation, visualization tools and Decision Support Systems (DSSs). The project offers 'open-source' solutions, including a newly developed on-line participation tool, and an evaluation of selected visualization tools.     

省域城镇体系规划中的环境保护规划

指出了环境保护规划是城镇体系规划中的重要部分，以甘肃省为例，探讨了在省域城镇体系规划中如何进行环境保护规划，并提出了环境保护的措施及对策，从而完善城镇环境保护规划体系。     

恢复生态理论在城市规划中的应用

在对恢复生态学的概念、认识及生态恢复途径论述的基础上，对大连城北分区的规划理论进行了总结，并对规划的内容进行了简述，从而对城市发展过程中所造成的和即将造成的环境破坏进行恢复和保持。     

可拓学方法在城市用地规划中的运用

城市用地规划中大量指标与数据的分析与处理需要一种系统而又具有操作性的分析方法,运用可拓学中的可拓集理论能够根据用地规划的具体现状情况进行定性分类,进而为确定可拓变换的范围与对象奠定了基础,通过可拓变换的基本变换以及变换的运算法则来对现状条件进行转换,进而达到解决用地规划中现状条件不符合规划要求等问题,实现增进规划设计现实可行性的目的。     

城乡规划视角下的慢发性技术灾害——20世纪后半叶美国公共环境灾害引发的规划反思

定义了慢发性技术灾害及其相关概念,阐析了美国半个世纪以来以公共环境灾害为人所知的慢发性技术灾害事件,概括其特征,并延伸至其引发的环境正义议题的探讨。慢发性技术灾害的实质是人为导致的灾害,城市规划在其中多少负有间接责任。结合国内慢发性技术灾害的现状,主要从两方面展开城乡规划的反思,一是工业选址模式与产业空间规划,二是土地使用的环境影响与社会空间规划,以创造健康、公平的城乡生态与社会环境。     

环境心理学在传统商业街改造中的应用

传统商业街区的衰落是当前城市出现的普遍问题,近年来我国各城市纷纷开展对传统商业街区的改造和开发.传统街区改造的途径基本分为全部拆建、局部拆建、环境改造3种,然而各街区的改造效果却良莠不齐.以青岛市台东三路步行街环境改造为例,分析了步行街改造的背景和措施.通过实地调研分析,从环境心理学的角度评价了改造效果.最后通过分析步行街行人的心理需求,提出针对街道空间形态、景观环境和公共服务设施三方面的优化改造措施.     

城市规划与城市环境保护

在分析我国部分城市环境污染现状的基础上,提出了环境保护规划的主要内容,指出了城市大气、水体、固体废物和城市声环境发展的远景目标,阐明了城市规划中环境保护规划的重要作用。     

对城市文化的历史启迪与现代发展的思考

社会的转型,最根本的是又化模式的转型,是生存方式的转型。而文化模式和生存方式的转型,需要城市规划的转型。使经典的法令型的规划向通俗的契约性的规划转型,精英的理想模式的规划向公众的实践模式的规划转型,艺术型和技术型规划向大众又化型和公共政策型规划的转型,功能评判型规划向价值导向型规划的转型,是当代规划师面临的历史任务。     

浅谈养生热潮下的生态健康环境规划

本研究旨在寻找一个合理可行的景观规划策略,将当下社会热点问题与环境景观规划与设计相结合,力求在保证生态健康的同时,为人们营造一个疗养身心的健康景观环境。本文结合景观规划、环境养生、行为心理学、审美文化等相关理论知识,从生态健康的角度出发,通过将景观设计与养生活动相结合,提出了具有养生功能的＂五觉养生与审美文化复兴＂景观规划设计策略。     

文化线路视野下的老城复兴路径与策略 探究——以山西省陵川县为例

文化线路以其整体性、连续性、动态性对于遗产资源保护的重要意义已成为共识,多维度、多尺度发展文化线路视野是当前的研究热点。从城市尺度出发,将传统区域尺度的文化线路内涵活化引入老城空间,强化历史遗产保护和现代社会发展的相互促进,总结凝练出整体价值、连接廊道、动态视角三大关联特征,为老城更新改造提供了新的思路。围绕"要素识别调查-适宜评价分析-空间规划布局-分类营建策略"的基本框架展开文化线路视野下的老城复兴路径探讨。并以陵川老城为研究案例,提出以空间线路为载体,遗产保护为核心,兼顾生态修复、社区营建及城市公共空间整治的老城整体性复兴策略,形成了一套综合且翔实的规划方法。     

小城镇环境规划方法论析

从小城镇环境规划的意义着手,叙述了当前我国小城镇发展及环境现状,介绍了小城镇环境规划常用的方法,并通过几种方法的对比,提出了合理化建议,以期为小城镇可持续发展提供保障。     

环境解说在景观规划设计中的作用与意义

在欧美、日本等国家及中国港台地区,环境解说已成为景观规划设计中的重要内容,如今,环境解说也已经引起了中国内地风景园林学界、业界的关注,但从对环境解说重要性的认知到规划、设计实践能力来看,环境解说还仅是中国景观规划设计表达中的一种"新语言"。从环境解说在景观规划设计中的重要性入手,结合实际案例阐述环境解说之于景观规划设计的重要性:环境解说系统能够使游客的景观理解更加深刻、丰富;对于保护地和国家公园、郊野公园等自然公园的规划设计,环境解说更是体现公园特色和个性的核心工作内容;按照传统风景观来看湿地等缺乏景观变化性、丰富性的自然空间,环境解说甚至可以成为公园游赏系统规划时的主要线索;环境解说具有辅助游客行为管理、提效资源环境保护的功能;优质的环境解说规划设计可以提升景观美感水平。     

中国规划的政治依附性之辩——转型中国规划的角色认识

在经济增速放缓、政治体制变革的转型背景中,中国城市规划专业应该怎样"转型"成为热题。其中,城市规划附庸于政治而需要被动地应对政治转变是隐含的"常识",但这一认识带来了规划转型的现实压力——受制于无法改变的体制。规划是否的确依附于政治体制,如果不是,又应该怎样看待规划与政治的关系,进而认识规划转型的核心?本文从论述方式、论证视角两个方面解读和反思了中国规划的政治依附性的判断过程,发现城市规划不仅没有长期固化依附政治的角色,反而在不同时代发挥了专业价值。再从解构主义思维反思政治经济结构凌驾于其他结构之上的观点。最后认为,转型中国规划求变的核心并不在于规划要怎样适应政治体制这一或其他外因,而在于反思与自省内因,沉淀与重拾专业价值,进而期待一个多元多维的规划前景。     

Integrated Environmental Planning for Sustainable Development: The Environment Agency's Role

The Environment Agency is midway through a programme of 'local environment agency plans' for all of England and Wales by the Millennium. To complement them, the Agency has published two overarching plans - one of which is regional and the other sub-regional in scale. 'Thames Environment 21' and 'The North Wessex Plan' deal with the potential impact of development pressures and their consequent implications for the environment. Both give practical expression to the Agency's environmental strategy for the Millennium, which concentrates on issues of direct concern to local planning authorities, e.g. addressing climate change, improving air quality, managing water resources, managing waste and enhancing biodiversity.     

Cities as planning models

A key feature of modern planning history has been the identification of cities admired for their ‘good planning’. In varying degrees, they have stimulated emulation, selective or partial borrowing, or even direct copying of their admired planning features. Model cities at different phases of planning history include Paris, Frankfurt, Vienna, Moscow, London, Stockholm, Barcelona, Chicago, New York, Portland and Vancouver. In recent years, new models have emerged, such as Singapore or Curitiba. The article considers how such cities became or are becoming models. It examines the methods by which the knowledge and reputation of the ‘model’ are promoted and disseminated. The importance of key actors, and visits, conferences and exhibitions focused on planning issues are considered. So too are less specific factors which help draw the gaze of a wider world. The article also considers whether such cities were/are places where new planning approaches have been invented or where they were implemented on a larger scale. Overall the paper discusses a key and strengthening feature in the circulation of contemporary planning knowledge. It does not answer all the surrounding questions in any definitive sense but opens up new debates about planning and the processes behind its historical evolution.     

城市生活圈规划:从研究到实践

城市规划正在向以人为本、重视人的生活质量的方向转型。城市生活圈规划因其从居民个体日常生活出发的特性而愈发受到学术界和规划实践界的关注,被认为是能够实现上述转型目标的有效方式。通过梳理现有城市生活圈和生活圈规划的研究与应用实践,本文认为在愈发得到重视、取得一系列成果的同时,城市生活圈规划仍然面临诸多挑战:(1)生活圈规划的概念界定、范围划定、内涵确定和职能体系划分有了一定共识但仍然模糊;(2)数据收集和管理的内容和方法不明确;(3)规划方法和技术路径仍未建立;(4)实施模式和制度保障需要多方面协作实现。总之,生活圈规划亟待通过一次完整、全面且具有科学依据的实践案例确立一整套规划流程与方法,为未来推广生活圈规划提供坚实基础。     

环境伦理观：一种重要的城市规划价值观

城市规划只有以正确的环境伦理观为指导,形成科学的城市发展观,才能实现城市的健康与可持续发展。城市规划与城市建设理论与实践中引入环境伦理价值观的必要性表现在3个方面：第一,环境危机问题的产生与城市发展和城市规划之间有着密切的关系;第二,城市规划在解决现实城市环境问题上存在着价值偏颇;第三,城市规划与环境伦理两种学科理论发展与创新的需要。     

公路网规划的环境评价方法分析

介绍了公路环境评价的意义和内容，论述了规划环境评价过程中的主要评价方法，探讨了GIS，RS等先进技术在环评中的作用，以促进公路网规划的环境评价。     

A Trail Across Time: American Environmental Planning From City Beautiful to Sustainability

Problem: It would be useful to identify and connect the major ideas of American environmental planning from the late 19th century up to today, to show its evolution over time and anticipate its potential future direction.

Purpose: I aim to tie together the major ideas of American environmental planning, showing how they have evolved, and suggest what additional changes will be required to progress further toward sustainability.

Methods: I review the literature, defining five time periods that are useful for understanding and analyzing environmental planning successes and shortcomings.

Results and conclusions: Environmental planning has its roots in the physical design of cities and the tension between conserving natural resources for human use and protecting wilderness. In the 1920s, regional environmental planning emerged. Federal environmental impact statements were first required in the 1970s, along with efforts to clean up and prevent pollution. A backlash against government command and control began in the 1980s, leading governments to use incentives to address environmental problems. The current era makes sustainability the goal, tying together the ideas and practices of the previous eras and blending regulation and financial incentives to address national and global environmental problems, such as climate change. To reduce carbon footprints and increase water and energy conservation in the face of significant population growth in the United States will require making environmental planning a political priority, with the goals of curbing sprawling land development, and changing lifestyles and business practices.

Takeaway for practice: Environmental planning ideas have been around for the past century and underlie the currently popular concept of planning for sustainability. However, environmental planning has been only modestly effective at influencing business practices and lifestyles. To change this, federal and local governments will have to lead by example, pursuing environmental sustainability as seriously as they pursue economic growth.

Research support: None.