合成气转化制烃类化学品催化剂研究进展

综述了合成气转化制烃类化学品催化剂的研究进展。着重介绍了合成气制汽油/柴油(FTTG/FTTD),合成气制低碳烯烃(FTTO),合成气制α-烯烃(FTTOα)及合成气制芳烃(FTTA)催化剂,并叙述了各类催化剂在合成气转化过程中的催化效果,分析对比了各类催化剂在实际应用过程中的优势及劣势。     

延迟焦化汽油蒸汽热裂解性能实验室评价

在裂解评价装置上对加氢前后的延迟焦化汽油油品进行了裂解性能评价.结果表明:未加氢的焦化汽油裂解性能较差,结焦严重;加氢后的焦化汽油是一种优异的乙烯裂解原料,可以单独裂解或与石脑油混合裂解,其裂解的乙烯收率和三烯(乙烯、丙烯和丁二烯)总收率均较高,分别约为30%,50%,接近西部裂解性能很好的库西石脑油的水平;于停留时间约为100 ms,在一定范围内提高焦化加氢汽油的裂解温度,对提高其乙烯收率和三烯收率有利,适宜的裂解温度为890 ℃.     

The effect of steam on the conversion of dimethyl ether to lower olefins and methanol over zeolite catalysts

The effect of steam on the catalytic properties of La-Zr-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ and Mg-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ in the synthesis of olefins from dimethyl ether (DME) has been studied. It has been found that the presence of steam has a significant effect on the ethylene-to-propylene ratio regardless of the nature of the modifier; the formation of methanol was observed only on Mg-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃. In situ high-temperature diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has revealed that the formation of methanol on Mg-HZSM-5/Al₂O₃ occurs owing to the formation of methoxy groups on the surface of the zeolite during the interaction between DME and basic sites. The resulting methoxy groups can be easily converted to methanol in the presence of steam.     

石脑油蒸汽热裂解过程中的结焦速率研究

在实验室蒸汽热裂解装置(BSPA)上,考察了石脑油进料质量流速、裂解温度、烃分压和运行时间等反应条件对石脑油热裂解过程中裂解炉管结焦速率的影响。结果表明,在石脑油进料速率为90 g/h,水油质量比为0.6,炉管进口压力为0.05 MPa的条件下运行6 h,随着裂解温度的升高,裂解炉管结焦速率逐渐增大;当裂解温度为850℃时,结焦速率与烃分压呈线性关系;随着裂解炉运行时间的延长,结焦速率下降。     

On the mechanism of catalytic conversion of fatty acids into hydrocarbons in the presence of palladium catalysts on alumina

A conversion of stearic acid into hydrocarbons in the presence of palladium on alumina has been studied. It has been shown that heptadecane and carbon monoxide are formed as the main products, diheptadecylketone is formed as a by-product, and the contribution of the decarbonylation reaction increases as compared to decarboxylation in the presence of hydrogen with an increase in its pressure. The formation of heptadecene and formic acid as intermediate products has allowed the conclusion that the cleavage of the carbon-carbon bond in the stearic acid molecule R-COOH takes place in the Pd coordination sphere, resulting in the formation of formic acid (or its fragment associated with palladium) and the corresponding olefinic product. Depending on the reaction conditions, formic acid and/or its fragment decompose, yielding CO and H₂O or CO₂ and H₂. The main routes of the reaction have been simulated using quantum-chemical methods, and it has been shown that the reaction rate-limiting stage is the cleavage of C-C bond in the acid molecule.     

Mechanochemical conversion of petroleum hydrocarbons

Mechanochemical conversions of paraffinic and aromatic hydrocarbons are studied. It is shown that hydrocarbon destruction and condensation processes occur in equal measure and that under mechanochemical impact aromatic hydrocarbons enter essentially into free-radical alkylation reactions with the destruction products.     

提高炉管注汽量在延迟焦化装置上的工业实践

近年来"多点注汽"技术逐渐得到广泛应用,中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司主要研究了提高炉管注汽量对延迟焦化工业生产装置的影响.工业试验结果表明:当注汽量由0.81％分别提高到1.48％,1.98％,3.09％和3.96％时,汽油和柴油的产率略有降低,焦化蜡油的产率增加,焦炭产率明显降低,按照生焦系数换算的焦炭产率分别...     

焦化汽油加氢精制催化剂的级配及其评价

中国石化齐鲁分公司胜利炼油厂将80万t/a柴油加氢精制装置改造为50万t/a焦化汽油加氢装置,为使其反应器温度均匀分布及装置长周期稳定运行,在实验室模拟进行了焦化汽油加氢精制催化剂级配方案的确定及评价。结果表明,此加氢精制装置的适宜工艺条件为:反应器的第一床层装填LH-04保护剂、HPS-02脱硅保护剂和LH-01 G催化剂,第二床层装填LH-03催化剂,且V(LH-04保护剂)/V(HPS-02脱硅保护剂)/V(LH-01 G催化剂)/V(LH-03催化剂)为6.5∶14.6∶66.4∶181.2;装置压力为3.8 MPa,总循环氢量为38 000 m3/h,第一、二床层的反应温度分别为270,330℃,氢油体积比分别为350,420,反应体积空速分别为6.55,2.40 h-1。在上述条件下的加氢生成油均可以满足溴价[m(B r2)/m(油品试样)]小于0.06,硫质量分数小于800×10-6的乙烯裂解原料指标要求。     

二甲醚水蒸气重整催化剂的研究

采用二甲醚水解活性组分与甲醇重整活性组分机械混合的方式,制备了一系列二甲醚水蒸气重整(DMESR)双功能催化剂。分别考察了不同二甲醚水解活性组分和甲醇重整活性组分对催化性能的影响,活性测试结果表明,γ-Al2O3是最佳二甲醚水解活性组分,CuMn复合氧化物是最佳甲醇重整活性组分。两者按适当比例混合而成的CuMn/γ-Al2O3双功能催化剂具有较好的DMESR综合性能,且其最佳反应温度为350℃。在常压、350℃时,DME转化率为98.1%,H2选择性为97.5%,H2收率95.6%。