Treasure the things we have and pursue the things we dream of

It has been ten years since the Chinese Journal of Traumatology （CJT） started publication in November 1998. CJT is sponsored and published by the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to the Chinese Medical Association （CMA）. Being a peer-reviewed medical journal with its high academic quality and the sole English-language journal concerning wounds and injuries in China, it has contributed a lot to the development of traumatic medicine in China and academic communication in the world.     

Current challenges of andrology

As President of the International Society of Andrology, it gives me great pleasure to congratulate the Asian Society ofAndrology for its initiative in founding the Asian Journal of Andrology. In doing so, I also send my best wishes for thesuccess of this important journal in spreading the knowledge of andrology throughout the most populous continent in theworld. This new journal appears at a very timely moment, at the turn of the millennium and at a time when andrology isreceiving the recognition amongst medical specialities that it deserves. In conclusion, I would like to call on all Asianandrologists to support their journal and to work to improve the reproductive health of men.     

Congratulations to the publication of CJIIT

It is my great pleasure and honor to give my congratulations to the publication of Chinese Journal of Interventional Imaging and Therapy. I have always been greatly impressed by the recent rapid progress in the economy of China. The role of the Chinese Government in the political world has become greater and greater. There is no doubt that China will become one of the most influential nations in the medical world also, in particular in the field of interventional imaging and therapy. My personal interest is how the traditional Chinese medicine becomes harmonized with the modern western medicine.     

Congratulatory address from Wolf-Bernhard Schill

Congratulations on the lOth anniversary of the Asian Journal of Andrology, which was launched in 1999 by a couple of ambitious scientists from China andSouth East Asia wording in the field of reproductive medicine and biology. The objective of these people was to create a top international journal devoted to the fast growing medical discipline andrology,     

Epidemiology of sports injuries referring to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center from 2005 to 2011

Objective： Among the injury types, sports ones constitute a considerable proportion of patients who refer to the medical centers. This research was conducted to examine the frequency of sports- related injuries referring to Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center from 2005 to 2011. Methods： This was a retrospective research in which existing data from the data bank of Kashan University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center were employed. The data were extracted from the main source by SPSS version 16.0. Variables such as age, education, occupation and gender were analyzed. Results： The highest proportion of injuries was observed in students （59.4%） followed by workers （11.8%）. Upper and lower extremities were most commonly injured. The most frequent injury was strain （35.4%）, followed by sprain （27.7%）. Conclusion： The results of this research showed that the majority of the sports trauma occurrs in students; therefore, they need more attention in regard to sports injuries. Preventive measures such as informing the coaches and teachers as well as increasing the students＇ awareness about the injury risk can decrease the incidences of sports injuries.     

Diagnostic strategies and the incidence of prostate cancer： reasons for the low reported incidence of prostate cancer in China

We have analysed the reasons for the low reported incidence of prostate cancer in China and argue for early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. According to the 2002 database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer （IARC）, the age-standardized incidence of prostate cancer in China is 1.6/105 person years （PY）, with a mortality rate of 1.0/105 PY and mortality-to-incidence rate ratio （MR/IR） = 0.63. The MR/IR ratio of prostate cancer in China was found to be higher than the average in Asia （MR/IR = 0.57） and much higher than that in North America （MR/IR = 0.13）. These data indicate that in China most prostate cancers were in the advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, and that patients had a short survival time thereafter. In 2004, Stamey et al. reported a retrospective American study of prostate cancer for the years 1983-2003. It was shown that most cases of prostate cancer detected by prostate-specific antigen （PSA） screening were in the advanced stage at the start of this 20-year period. These early follow-up data are quite similar to the results obtained from mass PSA screening of elderly men in Changchun, China. However, after the American programmes for early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer were accepted, tumours were diagnosed at earlier stages. On the basis of these findings, mass screening should be performed in the whole of China using serum PSA to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.     

新加坡邱武才教授来信

Dear Xiang-min:Thank you very much for regularly sending to me the Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery andBurns.I happy to tell you that Chinese Plastic Surgery research and publications is now gettingmore attention worldwide.This is very good for the high reputation of plastic surgery in China.You will be glad to know that the Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery is very keen to know the re-search publications in the Chinese language literature.Now they have invited me to abstract allpapers printed in the Chinese language,I have willingly agreed to do so because I hope to bring tothe attention of the Indian plastic surgeons the good work you all are doing in China.Please keepsending me the Chinese journal,I can make good use of it to spread the good news of the research     

Current trauma care system and trauma care training in China

Trauma is a life-threatening “modern disease”. The outcomes could only be optimized by cost-efficient and prompt trauma care, which embarks on the improvement of essential capacities and conceptual revolution in addition to the disruptive innovation of the trauma care system. According to experiences from the developed countries, systematic trauma care training is the cornerstone of the generalization and the improvement on the trauma care, such as the Advance Trauma Life Support (ATLS). Currently, the pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) has been one of the essential elements of infrastructure of health services in China, which is also fundamental to the trauma care system. Hereby, the China Trauma Care Training (CTCT) with independent intellectual property rights has been initiated and launched by the Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association to extend the up-to-date concepts and techniques in the field of trauma care as well to reinforce the generally well-accepted standardized protocols in the practices. This article reviews the current status of the trauma care system as well as the trauma care training.     

Message of appreciations from the Asian Society of Andrology

The term andrology was mtroduced into the medical literature in 1951 by Dr Havald Siebke, Professor of Gynaecology at Bonn, Germany to encompass all areas pertaining to male reproduction, thus identifying thisspecialization as distinct and at a par with gynaecology, However, many years elapsed before the term received thepopularity it deserved. Andrology got recognition in 1969, when Professor Carl Schirren of Hamburg, Germany,launched the publication of Andrologie, the first international journal exclusively devoted to this field of study.Andrology these days is a well-recognized medical specialty fully devoted to the study of all aspects of male reproductive health。     

Polymorphism of gonadotropin action： clinical implications

It has recently became apparent that the structural heterogeneity of gonadotropin molecules can contribute to variations of their action in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. One reason for the structural variations of circulating gonadotropin molecules is the rnicroheterogeneity caused by the variability of glycosylation of individual gonadotropin molecules. The carbohydrate moieties of gonadotropins are important for their intrinsic bioactivity, as reflected by measurement of their bioactivity to immunoreactivity (B/I) ratios. We have reassessed this phenomenon by improved in vitro bioassay and immunoassay methods, and it appears that the intrinsic bioactivity of gonadotropins, in particular of LH, is more constant than previously assumed. Many of the previously documented differences, some even considered diagnostic for certain clinical conditions, have turned out to be methodological artifacts. The first part of this review summarizes our recent findings on the B/I ratios of LH, with special reference to the male. The second part of this review describes a common polymorphism that was recently discovered in the gene of the LH β-subtmit. The variant LHβ allele contains two point mutations, which introduce to LH two amino acid changes and an extra glycosylation site. The LH variant is common world-wide, with carrier frequency varying from 0 to 52% in various ethnic groups. The LH variant differs functionally from wild-type LH, and it seems to predispose its carriers,both men and women, to mild aberrations of reproductive function. It is important for the clinician to be aware of this variant LH form, not detected by all immunoassays, because it may explain some aberrant results of LH measurements in patient samples. (Asian J Androl 2000 Dec;2:241-246)     

Road crash in China from 2003 to 2005

Objective： To analyze characteristics and causes of road crash and injuries in China from 2003 to 2005.
Methods： The data of road crash in 2003-2005 were collected to study the characteristics including total vehicle number, occurrence rates of traffic accidents and serious traffic accidents so as to discuss the causes and characteristics of road crash in China.
Results： From 2003 to 2005, the numbers of traffic accidents, injuries and deaths as well as the mortality rates per 100 000 persons and per 10 000 vehicles declined in China. Until 2005, the total number of traffic accidents decreased to 450 000 and deaths to 99 000, with the mortality rate per 10 000 vehicles being 7.6 persons. While the drivers and passengers accounted for 33.2 % and 26.6 % of death casualties respectively in 2005. Most traffic accidents were caused by drivers, especially those with driving experience less than 3 years. Traffic accidents occurred on suburban roads accounted for 60%. The mortality rate of the traffic accidents per 100 km on the first grade road ranked the highest. The mortality rate of the traffic accidents on expressways ranked the highest, with continual increase of death and injury.
Conclusions. At present, the increase trend of traffic accidents and casualties in China has been slowed down to some extent and shows a declining tendency, but the situation is far away from being optimistic. In order to cut down the number of traffic accidents and casualties, we should pay more attention to training and managing drivers with less than three driving years and those driving buses. Strict prevention measures should be laid on traffic accidents on first grade roads, expressways and suburban roads as well as the enhancement on improving first-aid system.     

Clinical significance of scoring system for systemic inflammatory response syndrome

The concepts of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and scoring system were defined by the journal of Bone in 1992. SIRS was described as occurrence of two or more clinical criteria in four ones ( fever or hypothermia, tachypnea, tachycardia, and leukocytosis). An early diagnosis and estimation of systemic inflammation in patients is helpful for treatment selection. This paper reviews the application of SIRS scoring system, which has been extensively validated for large groups of critical care patients with severe injury and critical surgical diseases. Recent studies have documented SIRS score as a significant predictive parameter of adverse outcome in critical care patients. Furthermore, some studies also give us a suggestion on how to reduce the overload systemic response.     

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

正Springer-nature is announcing the call for submissions for the new open access journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy. The journal will go live on www.nature.com/sigtrans.Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy aims to publish original research articles and review articles related to all aspects of signal transduction in physiological and pathological processes, as well as signal transductiontargeted therapeutics in the form of biological agents and small molecular drugs used to treat human diseases     

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

正Springer-nature is announcing the call for submissions for the new open access journal Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy.The journal will go live on www.nature.com/sigtrans.Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy aims to publish original research articles and review articles related to all aspects of signal transduction in physiological and pathological processes,as well as signal transductiontargeted therapeutics in the form of biological agents and small molecular drugs used to treat human diseases     

Inaugural Editorial

Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery(CJPRS)is China's first English-language journal for the mega-specialty of plastic surgery.During its one-year trial period,the journal has provided excellent reference to specialists who utilize or have interest in principles and techniques of plastic surgery.Its official publication marks a new era for exchange and cooperation between Chinese plastic surgeons and their international peers.In China,plastic surgery has a history of nearly 90 years.Early records about modern plastic surgeons can be traced back to the 1930s.As in western countries,plastic surgery as a specialty made a leap forward during World War II.From 1949 to 1961,four major plastic surgery centers were born to fulfil the increased patient demands.In the 1980s and 1990s when international exchange became active,new subspecialties,predominantly microsurgery and craniofacial surgery,arose to extend the boundaries of plastic surgery.     

Life science progress and andrology development

As requested by many participants, I would like to share with you the opening remark, which I made at the Third Asia-Pacific Forum on Andrology, in conjunction with the Celebration of the Tenth Anniversary of Asian Journal of Andrology, Nanjing, China, October 10, 2009. In my opening remark, I raised three questions about the development of Andrology, as well as highlighted three major trends of current progress of life science, which might be of great help in setting up our strategy for Andrology development in the coming years.     

Delivery efficiency of periadventitial approach in comparison of intravascular delivery: an assessment of pharmacokinetics in porcine arteries

Objective To investigate the delivery efficacy of periadventitial delivery of ^125I-iododeoxyuridine （^125I-IUdR） in comparison of intravascular delivery to determine the optimal delivery method for inhibiting post-angioplasty restenosis. Methods In 8 pigs, one side carotid, subclavian and iliac arteries of each pig were injured by balloon angioplasty with a 20% overstretches. Then, 4 mCi of ^125I-IUdR was delivered at each targeted vessel with periadventitial method in 4 pigs （periadventitial group） and with intravascular method via a porous balloon catheter in other 4 pigs （intravascular group）. The animals survived for 5 hours and the blood radioactivity was investigated prior to and hourly after procedure until sacrifice. The targeted vessels and renal arteries （for control） were harvested for gamma-counting and histological observation. Meanwhile, the radioactivity in thyroid, liver, bladder, small bowel and each kidney also were measured to determine the biodistribution of ^125I. The activities of ^125I presented in arterial and tissue specimens were compared between the two delivery groups. The targeted arteries were histologically observed and the ratio of intima to media （I ： M ratio） was calculated. Results The target arterial walls in the periadventitial group had 3.4 times as much of ^125I radioactivity as in the intravascular group, respectively （P = 0. 038） ; the blood activity in intravascular group was significantly higher than periadventitial group immediate after procedure （P〈0.05） and intravascular delivery resulted in much higher activity in urine than periadventitial delivery （P〈0.05）. The systemic biodistributions of ^125I-IUdR in the organs were slightly higher in the intravascular group （P〉0.05）. The mean I： M ratios in both groups were 0.05 without additional injury at the vessel wall. Conclusion The periadventitial delivery offered substantial advantage over intravascular approach with high local delivery efficacy. The apparent redistribution rate is more rapid following intravascular delivery.     

Current challenges of andrology

As President of the International Society of Andrology , it gives me great pleasure to congratulate the Asian Society of Androlobry for its initiative in founding the Asian Journal of Andrology . ln doing so, l also send my best wishe.for thesuccess of this important journal in spreading the knowledge of andrology throughout the hadst populous continent in theworld. This new journal appears at a very timely moment , at the turn of the millennium and at a time when andrology isreceiving the recogntition amongst medical specialities that it deserves. In conclusion, 1 would like to call on all Asianandrologists to support their journal and to work to improve the reproductive health of men. ( Asian J Androl 1999 Jun;1: 3-5)     

Targeted prostate biopsy： value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in detection of localized cancer

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men, with 1.1 million new cases worldwide reported by the World Health Organization in one recent year. Transrectal ultrasound （TRUS）-guided biopsy has been used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer for over 2 decades, but the technique is usually blind to cancer location. Moreover, the false negative rate of TRUS biopsy has been reported to be as high as 47%. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging （mp-MRI） includes T1- and T2-weighted imaging as well as dynamic contrast-enhanced （DCE） and diffusion-weighted imaging （DWI）. mp-MRI is a major advance in the imaging of prostate cancer, enabling targeted biopsy of suspicious lesions. Evolving targeted biopsy techniquesmincluding direct in-bore biopsy, cognitive fusion and software-based MRI-ultrasound （MRI-US） fusion--have led to a several-fold improvement in cancer detection compared to the earlier method. Importantly, the detection of clinically significant cancers has been greatly facilitated by targeting, compared to systematic biopsy alone. Targeted biopsy via MRI-US fusion may dramatically alter the way prostate cancer is diagnosed and managed.     

Prevalence and clinical application of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in Asian prostate cancer patients: a large-sample study in Chinese people and a systematic review

Fusion between the transmembrane protease serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog(TMPRSS2-ERG fusion)is a common genetic alteration in prostate cancer among Western populations and has been suggested as playing a role in tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer.However,the prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion differs among different ethnic groups,and contradictory results have been reported in Asian patients.We aim to evaluate the prevalence and significance of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion as a molecular subtyping and prognosis indicator of prostate cancer in Asians.We identified the fusion status in 669 samples from prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry in China.We examined the association of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence by Chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier analysis.Finally,a systematic review was performed to investigate the positive rate of the fusion in Asian prostate cancer patients.McNemar’s test was employed to compare the positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detected using different methods.The positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion were 16%in our samples and 27%in Asian patients.In our samples,9.4%and 19.3%of cases were recognized as fusion positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry,respectively.No significant association between the fusion and clinical parameters was observed.TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is not a frequent genomic alteration among Asian prostate cancer patients and has limited significance in clinical practices in China.Besides ethnic difference,detection methods potentially influence the results showing a positive rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion.