大功率α、β量热计的研制

研制了一台用于α、β核素测量的大功率量热计,量热计样品池尺寸空间为直径75mm、高120mm.性能测试表明,该量热计功率测量范围为1～300 W,当样品热功率不小于10 W时,测量精度优于1.0%.     

钚量热计的研制

设计研制了1台结构简单、操作方便、样品池内径185 mm和高200 mm用于钚热功率测量的量热计.性能测试表明钚量热计的样品热功率测量下限为4 mW、测量上限高于9 W,灵敏度约为202 mV*W-1,线性范围为4 mW～9 W.使用该量热计测量了钚样品的热功率,并与用分析化学和称量法测得的样品热功率进行了比较,结果表明该量热计测量钚样品热功率具有较高的测量精度,当样品热功率不小于200 mW时,精密度优于0.5%.     

电子束吸收剂量量热计

研制了一种用于电子束吸收剂量深度分布和电子束能量测量的多层石墨量热计及一种用于吸收剂量测量和薄膜剂量计校准的石墨量热计校准装置,并介绍了两种量热计的结构和在中国原子能科学研究院14MeV加速器上的研究结果。     

放射性核素量热计研制

量热法可实现放射性核素质量的非破坏性直接测量,是核材料计量最为便捷和准确的方法之一.为实现特定包容体尺寸及热功率范围核材料样品的高效测量,设计研制了热流型双杯量热计.通过甄选精密仪表部件,关键温差传感部件的结构优化以及合理选型制作,结合自动化测控方法,解决了量热测量关键技术问题,研制出适用于瓦功率量级的放射性核素量热计...     

单棒式自补偿γ量热计及其应用

本文介绍了一种新型单棒式自补偿γ量热计(以下简称新型γ量热计)的设计及其在游泳池堆(SPR-300)和高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)上的应用。     

量热法测量贮氚容器中的氚

设计建造了 1台样品池容积为1 95mm× 42 0mm的大型氚量热计。该量热计测量样品热功率下限为 6mW。样品热功率在 1 60～ 3 5 0 0mW范围内时 ,信号输出与样品热功率的线性相关系数大于0 9999。当样品热功率不低于 1 60mW时 ,精密度好于 0 2 %。它适用于非对称置样方式的样品中氚的测量。对大容积铀化学床中氚的实测结果表明 :该量热计具有较好的准确性。     

基于量热法的电子束吸收剂量绝对测量方法研究

正基于电子直线加速器进行辐照加工级电子束吸收剂量绝对测量方法研究,使用RISO制石墨和聚苯乙烯两种吸收体的量热计工作计量器具在10 MeV电子能量下进行动态辐照实验,并开展量热计剂量响应、剂量重复性、量值传递等方法初步研究。结果表明:量热计测量的吸收剂量仅与辐     

辐射加工级电子束吸收剂量量热计的研制

叙述了辐射加工级电子束吸收剂量量热计的设计原理,给出了用自行研制的石墨和盒式水量热计测定电子束吸收剂量的方法和结果。用不同吸收体材料和几何参数是热计测量参考材料的吸收剂量,所得结果在０．８％以内符合。并对现有的吸收剂量深度分布测量模体的关键结构作了改进。由测量结果刻度ＧＡＦ－ＤＭ－１２６０和ＦＷＴ－６０辐射显色薄膜得到的电子束吸收剂量响应曲线与＾６０Ｃｏγ射线响应一致。研制的量热计及其测试技术可作     

用于中子吸收剂量测量的量热计

本文介绍我们研制的中子吸收剂量量热计的原理、结构及其测量系统。测量了池式研究用反应堆中的中子吸收剂量并得到满意的结果。该量热计轻便、简单、测量迅速而准确。已精确知道比热数值的其它吸收材料均可采用本设计。     

质子束水吸收剂量测量的惠斯通电桥

质子水吸收剂量的准确定值具有重要意义。基于量热法研究建立了质子束水量热计,针对量热计中的惠斯通电桥开展研究,经测试该惠斯通电桥具有有效性。经分析,基于惠斯通电桥的质子束水量热计可用于质子水吸收剂量的绝对测量,为质子剂量监测提供技术保障,确保质子剂量监测结果准确可靠。     

Basic principles and proposals for rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated objects and grounds of the kirovo-chepetsk chemical works

The results of an examination of objects and grounds of the Kirovo-Chepetsk Chemical Works are presented. The methods used to perform a radiation survey are described briefly. The data obtained are used as a basis for a concept of rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated objects and grounds of the works. The radwaste volumes are determined for each object and possible ways to handle them are proposed. The technologies for handling radwastes are examined. The primary problems that must be solved without delay are determined.     

地层元素测井中中子-伽马能谱解析理论与方法

对在模型中进行地层元素中子伽马能谱测井实验和中子伽马谱解析方法进行了研究，即对非弹伽马谱与俘获伽马谱解析方法进行了研究。理论上推导出分别用非弹谱和俘获谱求出地层元素质量分数的公式。采用两谱联合分析及归一的方法，求出岩石骨架和孔隙流体整个地层中元素的质量分数。并在油田进行了实际应用，应用结果显示该方法是成功的     

Extended MHD Modelling with the Ten-Moment Equations

High-order moment fluid equations for simulation of plasmas are presented. The ten-moment equations are a two-fluid model in which time dependent equations are used to advance the pressure tensor. With the inclusion of the full pressure tensor Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) effects are captured. Further, Hall-effects are captured correctly by including the full electron momentum equation. Hall and FLR effects are important to understand stability of compact toroids like Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs) and also to detailed understanding of small scale instabilities in current carrying plasmas. The effects of collisions are discussed. Solutions to a Riemann problem for the ten-moment equations are presented. The ten-moment equations show complex dispersive solutions which come about from the source terms. The model is validated with the GEM fast magnetic reconnection challenge problem.     

北京G120型Q3D磁谱仪焦面探测器系统

根据HI－13串列加速器及Q3D磁谱仪的特点和物理研究课题的要求，提出了与谱仪配用的焦面探测器的重要技术性能的要求。对磁谱仪和焦面探测器的联合系统的离子鉴别方法予以较详细的讨论。提出了模型设计的参数，并估算了各种可能的贡献及最后可获得的性能及修正方法。最后给出了运行中的轻、重离子探测器的性能的实验结果。     

Application and development of the pulsed plasma thruster

The application and development of pulsed plasma thrusters(PPTs) in recent years are reviewed in this paper. The advantages of PPTs are discussed. The schematics, propulsion performance parameters and key physical processes of PPTs are described. Some representative PPT products and flight systems developed in recent years are presented to show the performance of the PPT.Studies about how electrode structures, discharge circuits, propellant materials, energy discharge method, propellant feed method, ignition method and number of thruster heads influence the PPT performance are presented and analyzed. The ignitor design method, ignition process and propellant carbonization are introduced to discuss the reliability and lifetime issues in PPTs. The modeling methods of the discharge circuit, as well as ablation, ionization and acceleration in PPTs are presented. Finally, the application of PPTs in the future is analyzed and some suggestions for PPT development are proposed.     

The pumping performances of the turbomoleculae pump simulated by direct simulation monte carlo method

Turbomolecular pumps (TMPs) are used extensively in several highly important areas of industry and research. The performances of TMP are evaluated by maximum throughput and maximum pressure ratio. In this paper, they are investigated by DSMC method. A 3D analysis in a rotating reference frame is proposed to simulate this flow field. Considering the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations, the equations about the molecular velocities and position are deduced. The VSS model and NTC collision schemes are used to calculate the intermolecular collisions. The diffuse reflection is employed on the molecular reflection from the surfaces of boundary. The procedures for establishment of the correct collision rate are based on the cells, while individual collision pairs are chosen from the sub-cells. The pump performances of one stage TMP under the different kinds of gas, different heights, and different blade angles are simulated and the results are analyzed. Numerical results agree well with the existing experiment data.     

低能氘束离子种类的确定

在较低束能量下,以分析多普勒频移光谱方法测定氢或氘离子源离子种类,采用粒子碰撞截面,计算其所用的系数;用质谱仪测量离子成分并给出了计算公式。两种方法确定的离子种类,结果基本一致。     

加速器中高稳定度电源拓扑研究

分析了加速器对稳流电源的要求,介绍了几种大功率高稳定度电源拓扑结构,调压器调压、二极管整流、调整管调流;晶闸管整流调压、调整管调流;二极管整流、直流斩波;晶闸管整流调压、二象限斩波。给出了几种电源拓扑的优缺点,讨论了在加速器电源设计中应关注的问题。     

中国科学院原子能研究所个人剂量监测廿年(1959—1978)

本文介绍了中国科学院原子能研究所个人剂量监测的原则和方法,以及1959—1978年工作人员所受的剂量数据。对这些数据简要地作了分析,并提出了对今后工作的建议。     

核燃料组件运输容器隔振系统的振动分析

进行了核燃料组件运输容器隔振系统橡胶块的特性试验，测定了橡胶块的静态和动态拉压刚摩和剪切刚度，采用自由振动方法测定了橡胶块的拉压阻尼和剪切阻尼。建立了运输容器隔振系统的数学模型．对隔振系统的幅频特性和隔振传递率进行了分析，确定了系统各运动的共振频率。对运输容器系统受来自运载工具如铁道车辆或公路车辆的纵向冲击情况下的隔振性能进行了研究，导出了运载工具冲击加速度允许值的解析式，并进行了计算和分析。