紫茎泽兰提取物对四种储粮害虫的杀虫活性

紫茎泽兰提取物对米象、玉米象、绿豆象和蚕豆象等 4种储粮害虫成虫具有强烈的熏杀活性 ,用 4 4.4 4mg L的浓度熏蒸处理 4 8小时后 ,每种成虫死亡率均达到 1 0 0 .0 0 %。熏蒸毒力测定结果表明 ,紫茎泽兰提取物对上述 4种成虫 2 4小时的LC50 分别为 1 4 .65,1 2 .80 ,2 5.0 7和 1 2 .2 0mg L ,4 8小时的LC50 分别为 1 1 .79,9.67,1 3 .2 9和 9.76mg L。     

番茄枝叶提取物对菜粉蝶产卵的忌避作用

生物测定结果表明,番茄枝叶的甲醇和水溶性乙醇提取物(简称Em、Em-eEe)对菜粉蝶均有显著的产卵忌避作用;其中Ee、Em—e和Em第1天的产卵忌避率分别为87.4%、85.1%和50.5%,均达到差异显著水平。番茄枝叶乙醇提取物(Ee)不仅能显著地忌避菜粉蝶产卵,而且还强烈地干扰其产卵行为。在网室中,Ee的3个剂型试验结果表明,只有剂型“Ee+0.1%吐温—80”对莱粉蝶的产卵忌避率达到差异显著水平,第6天的忌避率仍达35.4%。     

美洲大蠊提取物促组织修复作用机制研究进展

基础研究和临床实验都已证实康复新液等美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana提取物对烧伤、外伤、溃疡和术后创面修复等具有良好的治疗效果。本文综述了美洲大蠊提取物促组织修复作用机制,主要包括降低炎症反应、提高免疫和抗氧化活性、调节细胞生长因子表达、调控创面愈合相关信号通路等,为阐明美洲大蠊促修复作用的分子机制及其开发利用提供了科学参考。     

美洲大蠊粪便粗提物的聚集活性

用不同溶剂不同方法提取美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana(L.)粪便,测定美洲大蠊各虫态的诱集活性。结果表明,采用直接浸泡提取方法,丙酮、乙醇、正己烷和二氯甲烷4种粗提物对美洲大蠊各虫态都具有明显的诱集作用,其中乙醇和丙酮粗提物的引诱效果最好,正己烷次之,二氯甲烷最弱。4种溶剂粗提物对美洲大蠊雄成虫和高龄若虫聚集活性最强,对低龄若虫聚集活性最弱。用乙醇溶剂对粪便粗提,3种提取方法均对美洲大蠊有很强的诱集效果,其中索氏抽提诱集效果最弱,直接浸泡和超声波提取效果好,且差异不显著,但直接浸泡提取效果更好。     

美洲大蠊多糖的水解工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

美洲大蠊因具有广泛的药理活性而受到研究者的青睐,但其多糖的水解工艺和抗氧化活性鲜见报道,研究采用响应面法对美洲大蠊多糖的水解条件进行优化,通过单因素实验确定水解时间、温度和三氟乙酸用量对美洲大蠊多糖水解的影响,以高效液相色谱图中单糖的总峰面积为响应值,结合响应面实验,确定美洲大蠊多糖的最佳水解条件:水解时间1h,水解温...     

基于RNA-seq分析美洲大蠊提取物对结直肠癌细胞信号通路的影响

美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana提取物能够抑制多种肿瘤细胞生长,甚至能使肿瘤细胞发生凋亡,但是其对结直肠癌细胞信号通路的影响尚不清楚。本文基于RNA-seq技术初步分析了美洲大蠊提取物联合顺铂处理结直肠癌细胞后,细胞内信号通路的变化。结果表明:30μM顺铂和0.6%康复新液联合处理组与对照组相比,共有1 901个差异基因,其中1 555个基因表达上调,346个基因表达下调;30μM顺铂和0.8%精粉酵解液联合处理组与对照组比,共有2 587个差异基因,其中2 183个基因表达上调,404个基因表达下调;30μM顺铂和100μg·m L-1精粉联合处理组与对照组相比,共有1 488个差异基因,其中1 164个基因表达上调,324个基因表达下调。用WEGO和DAVID进行差异基因的GO和KEGG富集分析发现,美洲大蠊提取物联合顺铂处理组与对照组相比,表达上调的差异基因主要富集在p53、细胞粘附分子、MAPK、细胞凋亡等信号通路;表达下调的差异基因主要富集在氨基酰-tRNA生物合成、氨基酸生物合成、抗生素生物合成、一碳代谢等信号通路。     

美洲大蠊愈创活性成分研究北大核心CSCD

采用色谱分离手段从美洲大蠊中分离得到17个化合物,利用波谱解析鉴定了它们的结构,分别命名为环(酪氨酸-酪氨酸)(1)、环(酪氨酸-脯氨酸)(2)、环(缬氨酸-酪氨酸)(3)、环(甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(4)、环(甘氨酸-色氨酸)(5)、环(色氨酸-丝氨酸)(6)、环(色氨酸-天冬酰胺)(7)、ginsenine(8)、6-羟基香豆素(9)、6-羟基色满-2-酮(10)、1-(3-乙基苯基)-1,2-乙二醇(11)、1-(4-乙基苯基)-1,2-乙二醇(12)、(E)-3,4-二羟基苯亚甲基丙酮(13)、2-羟基-3',4'-二羟基苯乙酮(14)、原儿茶酸(15)、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(16)和丁香酸(17)。其中,化合物1~14均为首次从美洲大蠊中分离得到。此外,对化合物促进创面愈合作用进行了观察,化合物13显示较强的抑制NO生成活性。     

美洲大蠊microRNA的初步研究

美洲大蠊Periplaneta americana是一种世界性的卫生害虫,但其提取物有较高的药用价值。本研究对饲养的雌雄美洲大蠊成虫进行microRNA测序,分别在雄性和雌性中得到12 155 616条和9 847 263条序列。序列长度主要为18～23 nt,且在22 nt和29 nt处有2个峰值。将所得序列与数据库(NCBI、Rfam)进行比对注释,最终在雄性成虫中鉴定到57种已知的microRNA和152种潜在的新microRNA,在雌性成虫中鉴定到53种已知的microRNA和94种潜在的新microRNA。差异表达分析发现只有一种microRNA:miR-750在雌雄之间差异表达,其在雌虫中表达量显著高于雄虫。本研究首次在基因组水平研究了美洲大蠊microRNA的组成并对其功能进行了预测,为其后续研究奠定了基础。     

紫茎泽兰提取物对3种杂草的化感胁迫作用

为探讨紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)提取物对植物种子萌发和早期幼苗生长的影响及其生理机理,以稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli)、灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)和反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)3种常见的田间杂草为材料,采用根悬空培养等方法,研究了不同浓度紫茎泽兰提取物对3种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长、根尖组织结构、根系边缘细胞(root border cell,RBC)生理特性和根冠果胶甲基酯酶(pectin methyl esterase,PME)活性的影响。结果发现:紫茎泽兰提取物对3种植物种子萌发均具有明显的抑制作用;1000 mg/L紫茎泽兰提取物处理后,3种杂草幼苗的根尖均有不同程度的伤害,如根尖肿胀、抽缩或变形;根尖表层细胞脱落、内层细胞排列混乱。紫茎泽兰提取物处理能显著抑制3种杂草幼苗根尖RBC的数量(分别比对照降低了44.5%、48.3%和64.0%);诱导RBC凋亡(凋亡率分别达到81.7%、91.3%和97.1%)并显著增加RBC的黏胶层厚度(分别比对照增加了99.0%、65.5%和61.1%)及诱导PME活性升高。这些结果表明:紫茎泽兰提取物抑制了3种杂草根边缘细胞的产生,并诱导了根尖边缘细胞凋亡,因而破坏了根边缘细胞对根尖的保护系统,最终抑制了根系的生长发育。研究为将紫茎泽兰提取物用于植物源除草剂的开发提供了理论依据。     

紫茎泽兰乙醇提取物对棉铃虫生长发育和繁殖力的影响

采用室内生物测定法研究了紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng乙醇提取物对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)生长发育和繁殖力的影响。结果表明,当给棉铃虫幼虫饲喂含紫茎泽兰提取物浓度分别为0.088、0.44、2.2和11 g/kg的饲料时,棉铃虫的死亡率显著高于对照,而羽化率和蛹重均显著低于对照（P≤0.05）。在棉铃虫成虫产卵实验中,0.08、0.4和2 g/L紫茎泽兰提取物对产卵有一定引诱作用,而10 g/L则对产卵有驱避作用。取食浓度分别为0.08、0.4、2和10 g/L紫茎泽兰提取物的棉铃虫卵孵化率降低。表明取食紫茎泽兰提取物对棉铃虫的生长发育和繁殖有明显不利影响。     

紫茎泽兰粗提物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响

为明确紫茎泽兰粗提物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育及繁殖的影响,在实验室条件下分别利用4个不同稀释浓度（20、15、10、5倍）的紫茎泽兰粗提物处理玉米叶片后喂养草地贪夜蛾初孵幼虫,记录各虫态的发育历期、存活率、重量、成虫寿命以及后代性比、F2代卵孵化率、F2代卵的发育历期。结果表明,随着紫茎泽兰粗提物浓度的升高,草地贪夜蛾各虫态的发育历期延长,5倍稀释液处理下蛹的发育历期最长,达20.27 d,10倍稀释液处理下幼虫的发育历期最长,为21.46 d;随着处理浓度的增加,各虫态的重量逐渐降低,且存活率呈下降趋势,其中粗提物对蛹存活率的影响最大,对1~3龄幼虫存活率的影响较小;随着处理浓度的升高成虫的寿命均缩短,且雌成虫寿命长于雄成虫;随着处理浓度的升高,草地贪夜蛾的产卵前期和F2代卵发育历期延长,产卵期缩短;单雌产卵量、后代性比和卵的孵化率降低。总的来说,紫茎泽兰粗提物对草地贪夜蛾的生长发育及繁殖均造成消极影响。5倍稀释液对草地贪夜蛾的生长发育及繁殖的影响最显著,可作为草地贪夜蛾防治研究中的重要植物源杀虫剂材料。     

Antifungal Activity of Cadinane-Type Sesquiterpenes from Eupatorium adenophorum against Wood-Decaying Fungi

The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activities of Eupatorium adenophorum against four strains of wood-decaying fungi, including Inonotus hispida, Inonotus obliquus, and Inonotus cuticularis. Bioguided isolation of the methanol extract of E. adenophorum by silica gel column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography afforded six cadinane-type sesquiterpenes. Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and MS analyses. According to the antifungal results, the inhibition rate of the compound was between 59.85 % and 77.98 % at a concentration of 200 μg/mL. The EC₅₀ values ranged from 74.5 to 187.4 μg/mL.     

艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及两者对米蛾的联合作用

玉米螟赤眼蜂是生物防治中一种重要的天敌昆虫,为探明艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及两者对米蛾的联合防治效果,本文研究了艾叶精油熏蒸、触杀、驱避活性对玉米螟赤眼蜂的影响及艾叶精油和玉米螟赤眼蜂对米蛾的联合作用。结果表明,艾叶精油熏蒸和触杀处理对玉米螟赤眼蜂卵具有明显影响,寄生在米蛾卵上的玉米螟赤眼蜂卵经0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6μg/cm3艾叶精油熏蒸处理72h后玉米螟赤眼蜂的羽化率分别为56.67%、49.33%、44.00%、33.33%、26.00%和14.67%;寄生在米蛾卵上的玉米螟赤眼蜂卵经100、200、300、400、500、600mg/L艾叶精油触杀处理72h后玉米螟赤眼蜂的羽化率分别为54.00%、45.33%、38.00%、28.67%、18.00%和6.00%,均与对照组表现出显著性差异。艾叶精油驱避活性对玉米螟赤眼蜂成蜂也有明显的影响,300mg/L艾叶精油对玉米螟赤眼蜂的驱避率79.05%,随着时间间隔和距离间隔的增加,这种影响作用降低;联合应用艾叶精油与玉米螟赤眼蜂时先释放玉米螟赤眼蜂,24h后再滴加艾叶精油的防治效果最佳,米蛾的死亡率可高达96%。     

Characterization of a tyrosine phosphatase activity in the oogenesis of Periplaneta americana

In this work, phosphatase activity was characterized in the ovary and the haemolymph of Periplaneta americana. The optimum pH for these activities was 4.0, and a temperature of 44 degrees C was ideal for the maximal enzyme activity. The phosphatase activities were inhibited by NaF, sodium tartrate, Pi, sodium orthovanadate, and ammonium molybdate. The ovarian phosphatase activity at pH 4.0 was almost exclusive against phosphotyrosine, with little or no effect on the residues of phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. These results indicate that this phosphatase activity is due to the presence of an acid tyrosine phosphatase. The phosphatase activities of acid extracts from P. americana ovaries (OEX) and an acid extract from P. americana haemolymph (HEX) were analyzed in non-denaturant gel electrophoresis using an analog substrate beta-naphtyl phosphate. The gel revealed two bands with phosphatase activity in the ovary and one band in the haemolymph; these bands were excised and submitted to a 10% SDS-PAGE showing a single 70-kDa polypeptide in both samples. Histochemistry of the ovary with alpha-naphtyl phosphate for localization of acid phosphatase activity showed mainly labeling associated to the oocyte peripheral vesicles, basal lamina, and between follicle cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed that acid phosphatase was localized in small peripheral vesicles in the oocyte, but not inside yolk granules. The possible role of this phosphatase during oogenesis and embryogenesis is also discussed in this article.     

冷藏对米蛾卵液中游离氨基酸变化的影响

赤眼蜂的工厂化繁育常使用米蛾卵作为中间寄主卵,为了满足赤眼蜂生产的需要,需对米蛾卵进行冷藏,但冷藏米蛾卵影响赤眼蜂的生长发育。利用核磁共振技术(NMR)测定了新鲜米蛾卵(U)、新鲜杀胚米蛾卵(CK)、杀胚米蛾卵在4℃条件下冷藏15 d(N15)、30 d(N30)、45 d(N45)和60 d(N60)后,米蛾卵卵液游离氨基酸种类和含量的变化。结果共鉴定到24种游离氨基酸及其衍生物,包括昆虫发育必需的10种氨基酸。U和CK之间的游离氨基酸组分没有显著差异,N15、N30和N45游离氨基酸总量随冷藏时间的延长而显著升高,N60中的氨基酸总量与N45比较没有显著增加。对24种游离氨基酸及其衍生物的含量进行主成分分析,结果表明丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺、鸟氨酸、天冬氨酸、组氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、焦谷氨酸等8种氨基酸的含量随冷藏时间的增加而有着显著的变化,其中,丙氨酸变化幅度最为明显,随着冷藏时间的增加,含量从0.1624 mmol/L增加到8.6192 mmol/L;组氨酸在N30、N45和N60处理之间显著下降,从0.7553 mmol/L降低到0.2495 mmol/L。因此,冷藏会导致米蛾卵内游离氨基酸含量发生一定变化,这可能是冷藏米蛾卵影响赤眼蜂生长发育的重要原因之一。     

Purification and functional characterization of lectin with phenoloxidase activity from the hemolymph of cockroach,Periplaneta americana

Lectins also identified as hemagglutinins are multivalent proteins and on account of their fine sugar‐binding specificity play an important role in immune system of invertebrates. The present study was carried out on the hemolymph lectin of cockroach, Periplaneta americana with appropriate screening and purification to understand its molecular as well as functional nature. The lectin from the hemolymph was purified using ion‐exchange chromatography. The approximate molecular weight of purified lectin was 340 kDa as determined by FPLC analysis. Rabbit erythrocytes were highly agglutinated with purified lectin from the hemolymph of P. americana. The hemagglutination activity (HA) of lectin was specifically inhibited by fucose. Glycoproteins also inhibited the HA activity of lectin. The amino acid sequences of the purified lectin revealed homology with amino acid sequences of allergen proteins from P. americana. Purified lectin showed the highest phenoloxidase activity against dopamine. The activators such as exogenous proteases and LPS from Escherichia coli and Salmonella minnesota significantly enhanced the PO activity of the purified lectin. Besides, the presence of copper and hemocyanin conserved domain in the purified lectin provided a new facet that insects belonging to the ancient clade such as cockroaches retained some traces of evolutionary resemblance in possessing lectin of ancient origin.     

不同温度、光照对虫害紫茎泽兰挥发物释放的影响

用不同温度和光照处理对照和棉蚜侵害的盆栽紫茎泽兰植株后,通过TCT-GC/MS分析了叶片挥发物的成分及相对含量。结果表明:温度与光照均不影响对照和虫害紫茎泽兰挥发物的种类,但影响其挥发物的相对含量。当光照强度达到300400μmol.m-.2s-1时,虫害紫茎泽兰挥发物中,多数单萜的相对含量显著高于对照,而倍半萜含量显著低于对照;绿叶挥发物相对含量与其对照相比差异不显著。当外界温度在15 30℃时,虫害紫茎泽兰挥发物中绿叶气体如己醛、2-己烯醛和多数单萜化合物的相对含量随温度升高而显著增加,而倍半萜含量却低于对照。说明适宜的温度和光照条件影响挥发物化学指纹图的构成,进而可能影响到蚜虫的取食。     

Physiological Effects on Periplaneta americana of Bacillus sp. Exotoxin

ABSTRACT This study was performed to evaluate the physiological effects of Bacillus sp. on Periplaneta americana. The insecticidal exotoxin was fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration from Bacillus sp. cultivates. Lp₂ among 4 lipoproteins showed markable increase after 24 hrs, but there was no change in glycoprotein. The enzyme activities of P. americana showed mostly decreasing pattern by treatment of exotoxin fractions. Protease activities decreased at 12 hrs after treatment in comparison with normal subjects. Amylase also showed decreasing pattern and maximal decline was observed after 12 hrs. Trehalase activities decreased at 6 hrs and 24 hrs. Invertase activities decreased from 6 hrs to 24 hrs, but recovered after 48 hrs. Amylase isozyme A₁ and A₂ disappeared and new isozyme appeared after 12 hrs with exotoxin treatment. Trehalase isozyme T₁ and invertase I₄ increased markedly after 12hrs. However, non-specific esterase E1 disappeared after 24hrs.