肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎的治疗策略

探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒（cytomegalovirus，CMV）性肺炎的治疗方法。方法回顾分析我科2003年10月至2005年6月所行的451例肝移植病人的临床资料。发生CMV肺炎的共7例。采用更昔洛韦联合磷甲酸钠联合抗CMV，结合停用免疫抑制剂、加用大剂量丙种球蛋白和适量的胸腺肽等免疫增强剂的个体化免疫调节方案，同时采用广谱抗生素预防感染和其他对症支持等综合治疗方法。结果发生CMV感染共86例，感染率为19．1％。其中CMV肺炎7例，发生率为1．66％。治愈6例，治愈率为85．7％。结论采取联合抗病毒和个体化免疫调节等综合治疗措施效果确切。     

肝移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎的诊断和治疗

目的探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒（CMV）肺炎的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析5例肝移植术后CMV肺炎病例。CMV肺炎的诊断主要根据临床表现、肺部x线检查和病原学检查。5例患者均接受以抗病毒和免疫调节为主的综合治疗。结果CMV肺炎的临床表现呈非特异性。其症状主要包括发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难、心率增快、疲乏、低氧血症和白细胞减少等。肺部x线检查显示问质性肺炎。患者血清中可检测到CMV抗原或抗体。4例治愈,1例死亡。治愈率为80％,死亡率为20％。结论肝移植术后CMV肺炎的临床表现呈非特异性,其诊断主要根据临床表现、肺部X线检查及病原学检查,采取以抗病毒和免疫调节为主的综合治疗有较好疗效。     

肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎并呼吸窘迫综合征的早期诊断和处理

目的探讨肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的早期诊断和处理。方法回顾性分析2001年4月至2004年5月期间8例肝移植患者术后出现巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的临床资料。8例患者均给予更昔洛韦5mg/kg静脉滴注,2次/d;减少他克莫司(FK506)或环孢素A(CsA)1/3～1/2的用量,停用霉酚酸酯(MMF)和泼尼松;使用呼吸机辅助呼吸,同时加强支持治疗。结果8例患者中5例痊愈,3例死亡。无1例发生急性排斥反应。结论胸部X线、CT检查及临床表现是早期诊断的关键。抗巨细胞病毒治疗、调整免疫抑制剂用量、使用呼吸机辅助呼吸及有效的营养支持均是改善肝移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎合并呼吸窘迫综合征的有力措施。     

更昔洛韦对肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的预防和治疗作用

目的研究更昔洛韦在预防和治疗肝移植术后巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染和CMV性肺炎中的作用和疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年10月至2005年9月完成的480例肝移植患者的临床资料，总结分析更昔洛韦在预防和治疗肝移植术后CMV感染和CMV性肺炎中的临床效果。结果肝移植术后有402例患者使用国产更昔洛b（丽科伟）预防CMV感染，其中53例术后发生CMV感染；47例患者使用进口更昔洛韦预防CMV感染，其中6例术后发生CMV感染。480肝移植患者术后有6例确诊为CMV性肺炎，使用国产更昔洛韦治疗4例，用进口更昔洛韦治疗2例；经治疗后，5例痊愈，1例出现呼吸功能衰竭死亡。结论更昔洛韦可以有效预防肝移植术后CMV感染；使用以更昔洛韦为主要抗病毒药物的综合治疗对CMV肺炎有较好疗效。     

原位肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染

原位肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染陈规划，黄洁夫，何晓顺（中山医科大学第一附属医院腹部器官移植科广州５１００８０）巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）感染是临床器官移植术后严重并发症之一，往往导致移植物无功能，危及患者生命。我院自１９９３年８月至今共开展临床原位肝移植６例...     

肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的诊治问题

１９９８年４月我院成功地完成了一例背驮式同种全肝移植术,术后第四周病入出现巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）性肝炎,经治疗以后顺利康复。作者现就肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的诊治问题进行讨论。临床资料１．受体为男性病人,３０岁,因右上腹隐痛２年,加剧１个月入院。２０年前发现乙肝表面抗原为阳性。术前Ｂ超和ＣＴ发现右肝巨块型占位性病变,病变累及左肝,肝门和腹膜后淋巴结无肿大,门静脉主干和肝静脉无癌栓,下腔静脉和隔肌无侵犯,无腹水,肝炎病毒标志物ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）,ＨＢｅＡｇ（＋）,抗ＨＢＣ（＋）,抗ＨＣＶ（一）。肝功能…     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎56例临床分析

目的：回顾分析肾移植术后巨细胞病毒性肺炎（CMV）的临床特点,探讨预防和诊治巨细胞病毒肺炎的方法,提高人肾存活率。方法：对2000年1月-2007年12月肾移植术后发生的56例CMV肺炎患者的临床特点及诊疗措施进行回顾性分析。结果：56例患者,肺炎发生在术后6个月以内37例,28例患者表现为急性呼吸窘迫综合征．经抗病毒等综合治疗后39例患者治愈,人肾存活,17例死亡,其中12例死于呼吸功能衰竭,5例死于严重混合感染。平均住院时间32天。结论：由于CMV肺炎病情凶险,强调早期预防、早期诊断及早期应用抗CMV药物等综合治疗方法,针对不同的患者采取不同的诊疗策略,适当调整免疫抑制方案、改善肺功能及加强支持治疗均能有效的促进病情的恢复,     

肝移植病人术后巨细胞病毒感染的预防和治疗

目的 分析肝移植术后病人巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的诊断、预防和治疗。方法 采用回顾性分析的方法，分析我科2000年8月至2002年1月期间进行的同种异体原位肝移植病例。结果 共进行同种异体原位肝移植36例。术后8例发生巨细胞病毒感染，其中2例出现腹泻，发热2例，1例为黄疸，4例无明显症状。在CMV感染的病人中，检测到CMV—IgM( )或(和)CMV-DNA( )，其中CMV—IgM( )5例，CMV-DNA( )6例。病人经更昔洛韦治疗后血清CMV-DNA变为阴性。全部治愈。结论 对病人CMV—IgM和CMV—DNA(FQ-PCR方法)联合检测应用能够对CMV感染病人作出诊断并且指导治疗。更昔洛韦能够有效的治疗CMV感染。     

肝移植术后巨细胞病毒感染的研究进展

肝移植是目前治疗各种终末期肝病最有效的治疗手段.然而,巨细胞病毒(cytomega-lovirus,CM V)感染作为肝移植术后常见的感染并发症之一,严重感染者可引起器官衰竭甚至死亡.熟悉CM V感染的危险因素,有效预防,早期诊断,积极治疗对于降低肝移植术后CM V感染的患病率和死亡率具有重要的意义.该文结合国内外最新...     

肝移植术后间质性肺炎的诊治经验

总结诊治肝移植患者术后间质性肺炎的经验.方法 回顾分析2001年4月至2009年6月期间诊治的8例同种异体肝移植术后间质性肺炎病人的临床资料.结果 8例肝移植术后间质性肺炎患者的发病时间为术后17~117 d,平均84 d,其中7例发生于术后2~4个月.8例均有发热,其中抗巨细胞病毒(CMV)特异性抗体CMV-IgM阳性及CMV-DNA阳性4例,胸部CT均有明显间质性肺炎表现.经调整抗排斥药物用量、使用更昔洛韦及呼吸支持治疗后,4例患者临床症状明显好转,胸部CT恢复正常;4例患者病情进展,继发细菌或真菌感染,死于呼吸衰竭.结论 肝移植后间质性肺炎临床表现无特异性,病死率高,应及时予胸部CT检查,同时加强病原体的监测.确诊后予调整免疫抑制剂用量、早期抗病毒治疗及对症支持治疗,以提高治愈率.     

原位肝移植术后早期卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的临床诊断和治疗

目的探讨原位肝移植(OLT)术后早期合并卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎(PCP)的病因、诊断和治疗。方法回顾276例原位肝移植患者的术后资料,并对6例合并PCP患者的临床资料进行分析总结。结果276例肝移植患者术后PCP发病率为2．17％(6例),平均发病时间为(11．17±2．50)d,主要表现为不易纠正的低氧血症。经临床症状、胸部X片、肺部CT、痰卡氏肺孢子虫聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测及镜检卡氏肺孢子虫包囊明确诊断。确诊后给予复方新诺明(SMZco)治疗,同时合理调整免疫抑制方案。经治疗,5例患者治愈出院,1例死于感染性休克。结论原位肝移植术后早期可并发PCP,提高对PCP发病的认识、及时诊断与治疗是影响预后的关键。     

Late cytomegalovirus disease following liver transplantation

The widespread use of antiviral prophylaxis or preemptive therapy among orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients has reduced the occurrence of early cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Late disease is increasingly reported. Little is known about CMV disease occurring beyond the first year after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of CMV disease two or more years after OLT and to determine its risk factors and clinical features. Eighty-one consecutive OLT recipients followed for 2 years or longer after transplantation were included in the study. Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of late CMV disease. Late CMV disease occurred in 7/81 liver recipients (8.5%) at a mean time of 5.9 years after OLT (range: 3.5--9.3, median: 6.3 years). All seven patients were women, with a mean age of 47.7 years (range: 26--60, median: 59 years). There was no association between the development of late CMV disease and the occurrence of rejection episodes, treatment with corticosteroids, or the early use of antiviral prophylaxis. Clinical presentation included fever and disturbed liver functions in all patients, one patient had concurrent CMV pneumonitis and one CMV retinitis. Though all patients responded to ganciclovir, two had recurrent disease episodes and one patient died of secondary bacterial sepsis. Late-onset CMV disease can occur several years after OLT. Although it manifests classic clinical features of early disease, it is not associated with traditional risk factors and its pathogenesis may differ from that of early disease.     

停用基础免疫抑制剂联合应用丙种球蛋白治疗肾移植术后重症巨细胞病毒性肺炎的效果

目的探讨肾移植术后重症巨细胞病毒（CMV）性肺炎时停用基础免疫抑制剂联合使用丙种球蛋白的安全性和有效性。方法肾移植术后发生重症CMV肺炎患者19例。男13例，女6例。年龄26～55岁，平均35岁。均以发热起病，继而出现进行性加重的呼吸困难。胸部X线片呈间质性或浸润性病变。19例CMV-PP65抗原或CMV-IgG和IgM抗体阳性。感染均发生于术后2～4个月，17例发生急性呼吸衰竭，其中10例为急性呼吸窘迫综合征。19例在感染早期均采用抗细菌、抗病毒（更昔洛韦0．25g，2次／d）、抗真菌（氟康唑0．2～0．4g／d）的综合治疗措施。19例在感染加重或呼吸衰竭后均停用以环孢素为基础的三联免疫抑制剂，停药3d以上者使用甲泼尼龙40～80mg／d，同时使用大剂量丙种球蛋白（15～25g／d），疗程7～25d，平均15d。结果停环孢素最长者42d，最短者1d，平均16d，仅1例在减少和停用环孢素后第3天出现急性排斥反应，余18例停药期间血肌酐（86～124μmol／L）稳定。2例并发多脏器功能衰竭死亡，17例抢救成功。结论肾移植术后发生的CMV肺炎，早期停用基础免疫抑制剂联合丙种球蛋白治疗安全有效。     

Late cytomegalovirus disease following liver transplantation

The widespread use of antiviral prophylaxis or preemptive therapy among orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) recipients has reduced the occurrence of early cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease. Late disease is increasingly reported. Little is known about CMV disease occurring beyond the first year after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of CMV disease two or more years after OLT and to determine its risk factors and clinical features. Eighty-one consecutive OLT recipients followed for 2 years or longer after transplantation were included in the study. Data were collected on demographic and clinical variables, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of late CMV disease. Late CMV disease occurred in 7/81 liver recipients (8.5%) at a mean time of 5.9 years after OLT (range: 3.5--9.3, median: 6.3 years). All seven patients were women, with a mean age of 47.7 years (range: 26--60, median: 59 years). There was no association between the development of late CMV disease and the occurrence of rejection episodes, treatment with corticosteroids, or the early use of antiviral prophylaxis. Clinical presentation included fever and disturbed liver functions in all patients, one patient had concurrent CMV pneumonitis and one CMV retinitis. Though all patients responded to ganciclovir, two had recurrent disease episodes and one patient died of secondary bacterial sepsis. Late-onset CMV disease can occur several years after OLT. Although it manifests classic clinical features of early disease, it is not associated with traditional risk factors and its pathogenesis may differ from that of early disease.     

Cytomegalovirus infection in orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract. We retrospectively studied 175 orthotopic liver transplants in 151 patients. Of the 151 patients, 59 (39. 1%) were diagnosed as having cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The rate of infection in patients treated for rejection was 48. 8% as compared to 26. 2% in patients without rejection ( P < 0. 01). Antirejection therapy was associated with culture-positive cases in 33 out of 43 patients as compared to 9 out of 16 patients who had CMV antibody titer elevations. Patients were treated with gancyclovir if they had simultaneous positive cultures from multiple sites and were seriously ill. Eighteen of the 19 patients thus treated had side effects, one of which was serious (bone marrow hypoplasia). Cultures became negative in 15 out of 17 (88%) of the surviving patients. Patient survival was similar to our overall survival rate of 87%.