氟化微量元素对变形链球菌葡萄糖基转移酶影响的比较研究

目的比较氟化微量元素制剂对变形链球菌葡萄糖基转移酶活性的抑制作用。方法含相同氟浓度的5种氟化微量元素制剂(氟化锌、氟化镧、氟化亚锡、氟化锶、氟钼酸铵)和氟化钠分别加入到含变形链球菌悬液的TYC培养基中,采用Ne-son-Somogyi法,观察变形链球菌葡萄糖基转移酶活性的变化。结果氟化钠、氟化锌、氟化锶、氟化亚锡、氟化镧、氟钼酸铵制剂均有抑制变形链球菌ATCC25175葡萄糖基转移酶活性的作用,其中尤以氟化亚锡抑制作用最强(P<0.05)。结论锡可提高氟化物的防龋生物活性,在抑菌防龋方面,氟化微量元素有广泛的应用前景。     

氟化微量元素制剂对变形链球菌抑制作用的实验研究

目的 :比较氟化微量元素制剂对变形链球菌的抑制作用 ,为找到低毒高效的抑龋制剂提供依据。方法 :五种氟化微量元素制剂 (氟化锌、氟化镧、氟化亚锡、氟化锶、氟钼酸铵 )和氟化钠分别以不同浓度加入含变形链球菌悬液的BHI培养基中 ,采用厌氧菌连续培养技术 ,观察菌落计数变化。结果 :氟化锌、氟化亚锡的抑菌强度在各浓度时均最强 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,且含较低氟浓度的氟化锌、氟化亚锡制剂比含较高氟浓度的氟化钠制剂抑菌强度更高。结论 :锡、锌等微量元素可明显提高氟化物的抑菌生物活性 ,在抑菌防龋方面 ,氟化微量元素具有广泛的应用前景     

氟化微量元素制剂对牙釉质显微硬度变化影响的实验研究

目的：比较氟化微量元素制剂对酸蚀下牙釉质显微硬度降低的抑制作用,为找到低毒高效的防龋制剂提供依据。方法：牙釉质样本分别经含相同氟浓度的5种氟化微量元素制剂（氟化锌、氟化镧、氟化亚锡、氟化锶、氟钼酸铵）及氟化钠处理后酸蚀,MH-5型显微硬度计测量牙釉质酸蚀前后显微硬度,观察牙釉质显微硬度的变化。结果：氟化钠、氟化锌、氟化锶、氟化亚锡、氟化镧、氟钼酸铵均有抑制酸蚀下釉质显微硬度降低的作用,其中氟化亚锡对酸蚀下牙釉质显微硬度降低的抑制作用明显强于氟化钠（P〈0．05）。结论：含锡氟化物可显著提高牙釉质的抗酸能力,在抑龋防龋方面,氟化微量元素拥有广泛的应用前景。     

氟化微量元素制剂对牙釉质脱钙影响的实验研究

目的：比较氟化微量元素制剂对酸蚀下牙釉质脱钙的抑制作用,为找到低毒高效的防龋制剂提供依据。方法：牙釉质样本分别经含相同氟浓度的5种氟化微量元素制剂（氟化锌、氟化镧、氟化亚锡、氟化锶、氟钼酸铵）及氟化钠处理后酸蚀,甲基麝香草酚蓝法检测酸蚀液中钙浓度的变化。结果：氟化钠及氟化微量元素均有抑制酸蚀下釉质脱钙的作用（p〈0．05）;其中氟化亚锡作用最为明显,与氟化钠等比较有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论：锡可明显提高氟化物的防龋生物活性,在抑龋防龋方面,氟化微量元素有广泛的应用前景。     

没食子鞣质及联合氟化钠对不同状态下变形链球菌乳酸脱氢酶活性影响的研究

目的 采用析因实验设计研究天然维药没食子鞣质及没食子鞣质联合氟化钠对变形链球菌浮游及生物膜状态下乳酸脱氢酶活性的影响。方法 用含2%蔗糖的脑心浸液液体培养基分别培养浮游和生物膜状态下的变形链球菌,根据析因实验的分组将配置好的没食子鞣质、氟化钠、没食子鞣质联合氟化钠加入相应的菌液中厌氧培养18 h。通过还原性辅酶Ⅰ氧化法测定乳酸脱氢酶活性。使用SPSS 17.0软件包对实验结果进行析因分析,对药物抑制率进行单因素方差分析。结果 生物膜状态下乳酸脱氢酶的活性较浮游状态下高;没食子鞣质、氟化钠、没食子鞣质联合氟化钠对浮游和生物膜状态下的乳酸脱氢酶活性均有抑制作用,浮游状态下乳酸脱氢酶对药物作用更敏感;没食子鞣质对乳酸脱氢酶活性的抑制作用最为显著,抑制率没食子鞣质>氟化钠>没食子鞣质联合氟化钠。结论 没食子鞣质可能是通过抑制乳酸脱氢酶活性抑制变形链球菌产酸,从而达到防龋的作用。     

美兰和超氧化物歧化酶对变形链球菌产酸作用的影响

目的：研究美兰（methylene blue）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）对变形链球菌产酸作用的影响,探讨美兰和超氧化物歧化酶用于龋病预防的可行性。方法：采用气相色谱法研究美兰及超氧化物歧化酶对变形链球菌产酸的影响作用。用乳酸脱氢酶试剂盒检测不同培养条件下变形链球菌乳酸脱氢酶活性。结果：美兰对变形链球菌产酸具有抑制作用;SOD对变形链球菌产酸没有影响;不同培养条件下变形链球菌乳酸脱氢酶活性变化不明显。结论：由于作用机理不同,美兰和超氧化物歧化酶对变形链球菌产酸的作用也不同,美兰可能成为有价值的防龋制剂。     

氟和锌对变形链球菌糖酵解产酸影响的实验研究

本实验用含0.2～1.0mmol/L,氟、锌离子的TG培养基厌氧培养变形链球菌C型Ingbritte株,研究氟、锌离子对该菌糖酵解产酸的影响,实验结果表明:变形链球菌糖酵解产生的酸主要是乳酸,氟和锌对该菌糖酵解产酸均有抑制作用,氟、锌合用时,抑制细菌产酸的作用明显增强。     

六种防龋制剂对牙釉质脱矿作用的研究

目的 比较６种含氟及微量元素的防龋制剂对牙釉质脱钙的影响,观察早期龋形成过程中釉质脱钙与时间的关系。方法 选择牛牙８４颗,分为７组,实验区分别用含有相等氟离子的氟化锶,氟化亚锡氟阳酸铵,氟化锌,氟化镧,氟化钠及去离子水处理,所有样本浸泡于乳酸凝胶中形成人工釉质龋,经过对不同浸泡时间酸蚀酸胶中的钙含量的观测,各组样本４８小时以前釉质脱钙量时间的变化有所不同,４８小时以后酸蚀凝胶中钙含量趋于恒定,结果     

氟钼酸铵影响变形链球菌粘附性的研究

目的 :观察氟钼酸铵对变形链球菌粘附性的影响。方法 :以苯酚 -硫酸法研究氟钼酸铵对变形链球菌合成胞外葡聚糖的作用。以Somogy -Nelson法来研究不同浓度的氟钼酸铵和氟化钠对葡糖基转移酶活性的作用。结果 :( 1) 0 .1mg/ml氟钼酸铵可使变形链球菌合成胞外葡聚糖的量明显减少 ,0 .5mg/ml氟钼酸铵此作用更显著 ,而 0 .1mg/ml氟化钠则无此作用。 ( 2 ) 1.2 5mg/ml至 10mg/ml氟钼酸铵可抑制葡糖基转移酶的活性 ,并且随着浓度增加 ,此抑制作用逐渐增强 ;6.8mg/ml氟化钠可以抑制葡糖基转移酶的活性 ;当氟总量相等的情况下 ,氟钼酸铵抑制葡糖基转移酶活性的作用显著地强于氟化钠。结论 :低浓度氟钼酸铵可以抑制变形链球菌胞外葡糖基转移酶的活性 ,因此减少变形链球菌胞外葡聚糖的形成 ,降低变形链球菌的粘附性 ,具有显著抗龋作用     

氟化钠对变形链球菌的生长,产酸和葡糖基转移酶的影响

本实验就氟化钠对我国儿童龋病流行相关的5株不同血清型变形链球菌,在生长、产酸和葡糖基转移酶等诸方面的影响进行了研究,结果表明乳酸是细菌主要糖发酵终末产物,氟化钠抑制细菌产乳酸和抑制细菌生长的强度与其浓度成正比,且抑制前者远强于后者。240ppm氟离子能完全抑制细菌生长。对葡糖基转移酶,氟离子似乎要达一定浓度阈值才见明显影响作用,在不同菌株间该阈值有所不同。     

Effects of an acidic calcium phosphate solution and the intraoral fluoride-releasing device on dental caries and fluoride uptake in rats

This investigation comprised two studies evaluating the effects of an acidic calcium phosphate solution (CPS) on fluoride uptake in the enamel, glycolysis of dental plaque, the incidence of dental caries and urinary fluoride concentrations of rats wearing an intraoral fluoride-releasing device (IFRD). In the first study, CPS-fluoride treatment preceded the cariogenic challenge. In the second study, the cariogenic challenge preceded the treatments. In the first study, CPS treatments increased the ability of enamel to bind fluoride. However, the enamel-bound fluoride exerted a negligible effect on plaque glycolysis as measured by the pH decrease after sucrose challenge. In the second study CPS augmented the caries inhibition for both the sulcal-morsal and buccal-lingual surfaces. In both studies the IFRD significantly restricted the development of carious enamel on the sulcal-morsal surfaces and caused elevated concentrations of fluoride in the urine independent of CPS treatments.     

Fluoride dentifrices: current status and prospects

Toothpastes have developed from the poorly effective formulations using incompatible abrasive systems to the highly effective products now being given credit for the decline in dental caries in most developed countries. The earliest toothpastes used sodium fluoride but this was soon replaced by stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and amine fluoride. Monofluorophosphate has the advantage that it is compatible with a wide variety of abrasive systems. Although most toothpastes world-wide currently contain monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride formulations are growing in availability because of the development of compatible abrasives. Clinical caries trials have indicated that, with proper formulation, there is little or no difference in effectiveness among toothpastes prepared with different fluoride agents, but that increasing the fluoride concentration will enhance the anti-caries effect. The addition of other active agents to fluoride toothpaste has been a relatively recent occurrence, and it is important to be assured that they do not interfere with the anti-caries activity of fluoride. Pyrophosphate, a calculus control agent, is one additive that was considered to be a potential problem; however, human and animal tests have shown that both caries and calculus inhibiting effects can be obtained from a single formulation. With the use of modern methodology to evaluate toothpaste formulations before clinical trials, many new products containing anti-calculus and other agents will probably become available in the coming years.     

锌与龋病关系的研究进展

锌作为一种人体必需的金属微量元素,广泛分布于牙菌斑、唾液以及釉质表面,同时,也常被加入口腔清洁类产品中以达到控制菌斑,减少口气,防止牙石形成的目的。尽管有研究显示,锌可以有效地保护牙体硬组织,抑制口腔致龋菌的生长及产酸,在理论上有着良好的抗龋特性,但在实际的临床应用中,锌却没有展现出其在预防及治疗龋病方面的优势。可能是因为锌离子无法大量牢固地粘附于牙体表面,而已附着部分又常会因为各种环境因素的刺激而轻易脱落,从而无法有效发挥防龋效能。本文就锌与牙体硬组织间的相互作用、锌的抗微生物效应及其与龋病发生率的关联等作一综述。     

Mouthrinses and dental caries

Mouthrinsing for the prevention of dental caries in children and adolescents was established as a mass prophylactic method in the 1960s and has shown average efficacy of caries reduction between 20-50%. Commonly, weekly or twice monthly rinsing procedures using neutral 0.2% NaF solutions have been used in schools or institutions in areas with low fluoride concentrations in the drinking water. Today, when dental caries has declined substantially in the western countries, and relatively few individuals are suffering from caries, the efficiency of large scale mouthrinsing is questioned and more individual approaches of caries prevention strategies are needed. For this reason individual caries risk assessments are necessary, utilising diagnostic tools with the aim of explaining the main causes of the caries disease. Therefore in high risk patients, daily mouthrinses using 0.05% NaF can be recommended combined with other selective preventive measures such as sugar restriction, improved oral hygiene, antibacterial treatments, and so forth. Mouthrinsing solutions have therefore been combined with antiplaque agents like chlorhexidine and other agents which can improve the caries preventive effect not only in high caries risk patients, including those with dry mouth problems and root caries. Other agents than sodium fluoride have been used, such as stannous and amine fluoride with proven clinical effects. However, although a series of new formulas of mouthrinses containing fluoride combined with different antiplaque agents have shown promising antibacterial and antiplaque efficacy, their long-term clinical effects are sparsely documented. Acute and chronic side effects from established and recommended mouthrinsing routines are extremely rare but ethanol containing products should not be recommended to children for long-term use or to individuals with alcohol problems. Patients with dry mouth problems should avoid mouthrinses containing high concentration of detergent components which reduce the substantivity of the agent and worsen the dry mouth effect. For the future, patients, dentists and public health officials will welcome new and safe, controlled and self-administrated mouthrinsing procedures with not only high efficacy, but also high effectivity and efficiency.     

Influence of (S)-ketoprofen and fluoride on caries in rats

OBJECTIVE: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., ketoprofen) used topically appear to be effective in reducing bone loss in the ligature model of periodontitis. Ketoprofen, in common with some food preservatives, e.g., benzoate and sorbate, is a weak acid. Fluoride, too, may behave as a weak acid and, similar to the other agents, may exert antibacterial effects. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a combination of (S)-ketoprofen, an enantiomer of ketoprofen, alone or in combination with fluoride, would suppress Streptococcus sobrinus populations and reduce the incidence of dental caries in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Toothpastes containing ketoprofen and/or monofluorophosphate were applied to the teeth of six groups of 20 rats twice daily for 5 weeks. RESULTS: Fewest S. sobrinus were found in the group treated with a paste containing 3% (S)-ketoprofen + 0.1% F. This group also displayed the lowest incidence of smooth surface caries of all groups. Severity of sulcal surface caries was also lowest in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study show that the (S) enantiomer of ketoprofen enhances the caries protective effect of fluoride. It is conceivable that this combination could be effective in combating the two most common maladies of the mouth; periodontal disease and dental caries.