润湿梯度作用下液滴在倾斜表面向上运动的格子Boltzmann模拟

采用基于Shan-Chen伪势模型的格子Boltzmann方法,对液滴在存在润湿梯度的倾斜表面上克服重力、自下而上运动的过程进行模拟。探究润湿梯度、液滴尺寸、Bond数以及表面倾斜角度对液滴运动的影响。计算结果表明：液滴在运动过程中,内部会出现沿斜面向上的速度矢量,润湿梯度越大,液滴运动速度越快,润湿长度也越长,且动态接触角减小速率越快。液滴尺寸和Bond数对液滴运动的影响较小,但存在临界Bond数,超过该临界Bond数时,液滴将沿梯度润湿表面向下运动。表面倾角对液滴运动有显著影响,倾角增大,液滴运动速度和润湿长度都明显减小。     

疏水表面振动液滴模态演化与流场结构的数值模拟

为了研究疏水表面垂直振动液滴的运动规律,本文建立了振动液滴的三维模型,考虑了振动液滴的动态接触角变化过程,通过流体体积函数和连续表面张力(volume of fluid-continue surface force, VOF-CSF)方法实现了液滴受迫振动的数值模拟,得到了液滴的四种模态(2, 4, 6和8)动态演化过程、内部流场结构以及动态接触角的变化规律.随着振动加速度的改变,液滴可表现出丰富的模态,而具体模态依赖于振动加速度的频率变化.以此为基础,本文对液滴的内部流场结构做了进一步的分析.在模态2和模态4时,液滴内部流动从底部向上产生"Y"型流动,而在模态6和模态8时呈现对称的涡流动.且共振模态阶数越高,液滴内部速度平均值越大.液滴振动时的动态接触角明显偏离静态接触角,表明液滴振动模型有必要考虑动态接触角.模拟结果与文献中的实验结果做了对比,结果符合良好.     

竖直表面液滴运动的数值模拟

为研究具有不同润湿特性的表面上液滴运动的规律,本文依据液滴接触角与基底方位角的关系以及运动液滴的动态接触角模型,运用Fluent软件,实现了对竖直表面上静止和运动液滴的数值模拟,得到了液滴的形貌以及内部的速度分布。模拟所得竖直表面上静止液滴和运动液滴的接触角和形貌均与实验结果吻合较好。液滴内部速度分布表明,裸铝表面(亲水)上液滴的运动方式为滑动;114°疏水表面上的液滴内部出现不完整的环流,但仍然以滑动运动为主;而145°疏水表面上液滴以滚动方式向下运动,液滴运动较快。     

平板上蒸发液滴内表面张力作用下流动的研究

一、前言 相界面的传热、传质过程往往伴随着流体内部的对流运动。由界面张力(表面张力)驱动的流体流动,对于热、质交换的强化起着重要作用。人们对于平板上水平液膜,流体介质中的液滴等现象进行了广泛的研究,揭示了许多表面张力驱动流动的性质,以及它与传热、传质的关系。对于水平平板上厚度小于1mm的薄液膜,液膜内的流动主要是由于温差引起的表面张力梯度触发的Bénard细胞流。实验研究发现:在水平平板上蒸发的液滴内也会出现Bénard细胞流。但是,液滴与液膜存在形状上的差异,故内部流动形式也将不同。若把小接触角的液滴看作是各处厚度不等的液膜,可以预见滴内的细胞     

固定接触角蒸发液滴内Marangoni对流数值模拟

考虑蒸发冷却效应、气相物质扩散、气液两相传热及界面变形,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉法数值模拟研究了接触角θ、蒸发数Ec、Ma数对0.65cSt,硅油液滴固定接触角模型蒸发及Marangoni对流的影响。发现:液滴无量纲体积V~*变化与接触角θ、Ma数有关,而与Ec数无关;且V~(*2/3)随时间线性减少。当θ0.175 rad时,随着Ma数的升高,液滴内部依次出现热毛细涡流结构、单个BM涡流结构及多个BM涡流结构。当0.175 radθ0.479 rad时,存在热毛细涡流结构或多个BM涡流结构或两种同时存在,而无单个BM涡流结构。当θ0.479 rad时,仅存在热毛细涡流结构。当0.105 radθ0.401 rad时,每两种涡流结构的分界Ma数均随θ增大而减少。当θ0.401 rad时,热毛细涡流结构与多个BM涡流结构的分界Ma数随θ增大而增大。     

表面特性对矩形小流道内液滴脱离现象的影响

本文设计了一个可视化微小平直流道,利用摄影装置观察记录了液态水通过平板内部直径70μm的微孔在水平平板表面上形成液滴并成长直至脱离的过程,分析了不同流道高度条件下接触角之差与液滴高度和通道内流动空气的雷诺数的关系,并且进一步讨论了平板表面特性对液滴脱离高度和接触角之差的影响.     

液滴撞击加热壁面传热实验研究

本文采用高速摄像仪对水滴和乙醇液滴撞击加热壁面后的蒸发过程进行了实验观测, 分析了液滴撞击加热壁面后的蒸发特性参数. 实验中, 两种液体初始温度均为20 ℃, 不锈钢壁面初始温度范围为68-126℃. 水滴初始直径为2.07 mm, 撞击壁面时Weber 数为2-44; 乙醇液滴初始直径为1.64 mm, Weber数为3-88. 结果表明, 液滴受到重力、表面张力及流动性的影响, 在蒸发过程的大部分时间内, 水滴高度持续降低而接触直径几乎不变; 蒸发后期, 液滴发生回缩, 水滴的接触直径、高度和接触角出现振荡现象. 乙醇液滴的接触角随时间的增加呈现先减小随后保持不变的趋势, 而接触直径和高度则持续减小, 直到液滴完全蒸发. 液滴蒸发总时长与液体物性和壁面温度有关, 随壁面温度的升高而减小, 与液滴撞击壁面时的Weber 数无关. 同时, 随着壁面温度的升高, 液滴显热部分占总换热量的比重增大, 显热部分能量不可忽略, 本文实验条件下得到水滴的平均热流密度为0.014-0.110 W·mm^-2.     

流动聚焦微通道中双重乳液乳化行为研究

本文基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)相界面追踪方法,建立了流动聚焦微通道中双乳液液滴形成的模型,研究了互不相溶的三种流体在微流控系统中形成双重液滴的典型物理过程,给出了双重液滴形成的典型工况,分析了流动参数和工质物性对液滴形成过程的影响。结果表明:双重乳液液滴形成过程可分为滴式与喷式两种模式;外流体流量增大时液滴形成模式由滴式转变为喷式,所形成的双重液滴尺寸减小;中间流体流量变化对液滴形成模式、所形成的双重乳液内液滴尺寸影响不明显,外液滴随中间流体流量增大而增大。     

玻璃基底上平衡态液滴接触角特性

为了了解玻璃基底上平衡态液滴接触角特性,采用实验和理论相结合的方法分析了玻璃基底表面水滴平衡时应满足的热力学条件,得到了液滴汽-液界面形状以及平衡态接触角大小。分析发现,玻璃基底上平衡态液滴接触角是与三相接触线压力相关的热力学参数,当三相接触线曲率一定时,平衡态液滴接触角随三相接触线处压比的增加而增大.同时,考虑到固-液界面吸附特性,根据平衡态时系统亥姆霍兹自由能最小这一热力学判据可以预测出液滴平衡接触角大小,结果和实验值吻合。     

水平均质表面上液滴聚合过程的可视化实验研究

对水平均匀表面上液滴的聚合过程及特性进行了可视化实验研究,获得了液滴半径和液滴物性等参数对液滴聚合过程中液滴液桥半径和接触角变化特性的影响规律。实验结果表明:液滴聚合中液桥半径和接触角都呈衰减振荡变化; 聚合前液滴半径越小,液桥半径振荡频率越大,振幅越小,振荡时间越短;液滴的粘度越大,液桥半径的振荡频率越小, 振幅越小,振荡时间越短;液滴聚合前的接触角明显大于聚合液滴静止后的接触角,其差值与固体界面状况和气、固、液物性相关。     

倾斜均质表面上非等径液滴的聚合特性

对倾斜均匀表面上非等径液滴的聚合过程及特性进行了可视化实验研究,获得了液滴半径和表面倾角等参数对液滴聚合过程中液滴液桥半径、接触角和接触线变化特性的影响规律,进一步说明了倾斜表面上液滴聚合可以加快液滴的运动.     

倾斜均质表面上等径水滴聚合过程的可视化实验

对倾斜均匀表面上等直径水滴的聚合过程及特性进行了可视化实验研究,获得了水滴直径和表面倾角等参数对液滴聚合过程中液滴液桥半径、接触角和接触线变化特性的影响,分析了水滴聚合对其运动的影响.实验结果表明:表面倾角越大,下滑的临界半径越小;液滴的直径越大,液滴聚合后越容易下滑;液滴聚合可以加快液滴的运动,使下滑临界半径减小.     

Determining Contact Angles of Powders by Liquid Penetration

The wettability of a powder is important, especially in chemical and pharmaceutical technologies when considering the manufacturing process and the properties of the final product. However, contact angle methods for powders are problematic. The common measurement techniques are the sessile drop method and the liquid penetration method. In this work the determination of contact angles of powders by liquid penetration is considered. In particular, we investigated the influence of the sample preparation and sampling device on the wetting process. A bulk with constant properties during the measurement must be guaranteed. We postulate a packing procedure to obtain reproducible measurements by ensuring constant powder properties.     

Influence of the flow on the anchoring of nematic liquid crystals on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers studied by optical second-harmonic generation

The influence of capillary flow on the alignment of the nematic liquid crystal 5CB on fatty acid Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers was studied by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). The surface dipole sensitivity of the technique allows probing the orientation of the first liquid crystal monolayer in the presence of the liquid crystal bulk. It was found that capillary flow causes the first monolayer of liquid crystal molecules in contact with the fatty acid monolayer to be oriented in the flow direction with a large pretilt (78 degrees), resulting in a quasi-planar alignment with splay-bend deformation of the nematic director in the bulk. The large pretilt angle also suggests that the Langmuir-Blodgett film itself is affected by the flow. The quasi-planar flow-induced alignment was found to be metastable. Once the flow ceases, circular domains of homeotropic orientation nucleate in the sample and expand until the whole sample becomes homeotropic. This relaxation process from flow-induced quasi-planar to surface-induced homeotropic alignment was also monitored by SHG. It was found that in the homeotropic state the first nematic layer presents a pretilt of 38 degrees almost isotropically distributed in the plane of the cell, with a slight preference for the direction of the previous flow. Received 8 November 2000 and Received in final form 12 March 2001     

Influence of substrate conductivity on circulation reversal in evaporating drops

Nonuniform evaporation from sessile droplets induces radial convection within the drop, which produces the well-known "coffee-ring" effect. The evaporation also induces a gradient in temperature and consequently a gradient in surface tension, generating a Marangoni flow. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the thermal Marangoni flow and establish criteria to gauge its influence. An asymptotic analysis indicates that the direction of the flow depends on the relative thermal conductivities of the substrate and liquid, k_{R} identical withk_{S}/k_{L}, reversing direction at a critical contact angle over the range 1.45相似文献   

Influence of nanotips on the hydrophilicity of metallic nanorod surfaces

The hydrophilicity of vertically aligned metal nanorods with sharp nanotips were investigated experimentally. Ruthenium and platinum nanorod arrays were deposited on flat silicon substrates using oblique angle sputter deposition. We show that the effects of nanotips on nanorods should be considered in the "hemiwicking" model for hydrophilic metallic samples. With the influence of nanotips, we successfully explained the experimental contact angles of water sessile drops on metallic nanorod surfaces. Our experiments confirm that the shape of the nanorods is an important parameter in determining the hydrophilicity of the nanostructured surfaces.     

微矩形凹槽表面液滴各向异性浸润行为的研究

受自然界启发,仿生微结构被广泛用于调控固-液界面的性质.研究显示,液滴在微结构表面的各向异性浸润行为可用于实现微流动方向和速度的控制,且其各向异性浸润与微结构的尺寸和分布等密切相关.本文研究了微矩形凹槽尺寸对液滴各向异性浸润行为的影响规律.结果显示,液滴沿平行沟槽的方向具有较小的运动阻力、易铺展,因此具有较小接触角;而垂直于沟槽方向,由于沟槽的阻隔作用具有较大运动阻力,因而具有较大接触角,并且在垂直方向液滴的浸润过程是三相线一系列钉扎和跳跃行为.在微矩形凹槽表面,液滴沿平行方向接触角θ//与肋板宽度R和凹槽宽度G密切相关,其值与表面固体面积比成反比;而垂直于沟槽方向的接触角θ⊥随肋板宽度R和凹槽宽度G变化基本保持不变.同时各向异性液滴的变形比L/W、特征方向接触角比值θ⊥/θ//与表面固体面积比成正比.研究结果有助于加深理解微结构表面浸润行为的机制,并为微矩形凹槽在微流动控制方向的应用提供技术支持.     

A new laser shadowgraphy method for measurements of dynamic contact angle and simultaneous flow visualization in a sessile drop

A new laser shadowgraphy method is presented to measure the dynamic contact angle of a sessile drop on a nontransparent metal substrate and simultaneously visualize flow motions inside the drop. A collimated laser beam is refracted into the drop, then reflected on the substrate surface and finally refracted out of the drop to form a shadowgraphic image on a screen. The instant diameters of the refracted-shadowgraphic image, cooperated with the corresponding instant contact-diameters of the drop measured from the magnified top view, are used to determine the instant contact angles of the sessile drop. At the same time, flow motions, if any, in the drop can be visualized from the refracted-shadowgraphic image. The new method is demonstrated to be a very simple, accurate, and unique optical technique for simultaneous measuring of the dynamic contact angle of a liquid drop spreading on a nontransparent metal substrate with flow visualization in the drop.