前部缺血性视神经病变的临床分析

观察分析前部缺血性视神经病变（anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,AION）的发病危险因素、临床特征及治疗效果。 方法：回顾性分析46例51眼AION患者全身及眼部危险因素、临床症状、眼底、FFA、视野改变。治疗和控制全身性疾病,全身或局部应用糖皮质激素、血管扩张剂、神经营养剂,评价治疗效果。 结果：患者平均年龄53±10岁,全身性疾病包括高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、低血压、心脑血管疾病等。47.06%患者诉视力突然下降,64.71%患者眼底检查示视盘呈灰白色水肿,33.33%患者视野表现偏盲性缺损,56.86%患者FFA早期视盘弱荧光,晚期荧光增强。经治疗80.39%患者视力提高,视野缺损改善。 结论：AION是多病因眼病,高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、心脑血管疾病等是其发生的危险因素。突然视力下降、视盘灰白水肿、偏盲性视野缺损、FFA视盘早期弱荧光、晚期强荧光是其典型表现。综合治疗后患者可恢复一定视力视野。     

中西医结合治疗前部缺血性视神经病变

前部缺血性视神经病变（anterior ischemic optic neuropathy，AION）是由于后睫状动脉循环障碍，造成视盘供血不足引起的视功能损害。以往主要应用激素、扩血管药物、神经营养药物治疗，疗效不理想。近几年我科应用中西医结合治疗该病18例，取得了较好疗效，现报告如下。     

前部缺血性视神经病变的治疗进展

前部缺血性视神经病变(anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, AION)是一种急性的视神经病变,多发生在50岁以上人群中,常导致急性无痛性视力丧失。其中,非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)是最常见的类型,也是导致中老年人失明或严重视力障碍的主要原因之一。但目前,由于对本病发生机制认识不充分,临床上尚缺乏疗效确切的治疗方法。因此,寻找规范、有效的治疗方法显得尤为重要,以期达到控制病情发展进而减少致盲的临床效果。     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变患者急性期视盘周围脉络膜血流信号分析

目的　利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像（OCTA）观察非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变（NAION）患者急性期的视盘周围脉络膜血流信号特征。方法　对2017年1月至2019年9月首次确诊为NAION且接受OCTA检查的13例（13眼）患者进行回顾性横断面研究。由两位医师分别定性分析OCTA中脉络膜毛细血管层的血流信号中的低信号区,并分区。将分区的结果与en face OCT、视野检查结果进行对比。患者均至少随访1个月。结果　急性期NAION患眼的视盘OCTA在脉络膜毛细血管层水平的低信号区可分为视盘本身部位、视盘水肿部位和沿神经纤维方向延伸部位3个区域。13眼中,10眼首次就诊时出现3个低信号区,2眼在第2次就诊时出现3个低信号区,1眼仅出现视盘本身部位和视盘水肿部位的低信号区。其中,沿神经纤维方向延伸部位的低信号区与视野缺损关系密切,对应比例达91.6%,该低信号区平均出现时间为发病后19.9 d。随访期内,9眼沿神经纤维方向延伸部位的低信号区出现神经纤维层萎缩。结论　NAION患者急性期的视盘周围脉络膜层面的血流信号可以通过OCTA提示神经纤维层水肿、消退以及萎缩的变化过程。     

糖尿病合并前部缺血性视神经病变一例

糖尿病合并前部缺血性视神经病变一例杨桦罗成仁杨兰芬孟丹前部缺血性视神经病变（ａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃｏｐｔｉｃｎｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＡＩＯＮ）可由包括糖尿病在内的导致视乳头睫状后动脉供血不足的各种原因引起。现对糖尿病合并ＡＩＯＮ一例报告如下。...     

糖尿病性视网膜病变患者前部缺血性视神经病变临床分析

目的:了解糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者群体中,前部缺血性视神经病变(anterior ischemicop-tic neuropathy,AION)的发病情况,进一步探讨AION与糖尿病及DR的可能关系,指导临床诊治。方法:选择需行全视网膜激光光凝治疗的DR患者515例,根据是否同时伴有AION分为AION组(DR合并AION组)和对照组(单纯DR组),行眼部及全身检查,对比分析两组间可能存在的差异。结果:两组患者的性别比例、年龄构成、DR分期无差异,视盘形态、屈光状态、眼内压无差异,血糖、血脂、血压水平无差异。结论:糖尿病可作为AION的独立危险因素,而高血压不是。     

前部缺血性视神经病变的图形视觉诱发电位改变

前部缺血性视神经病变 ( anterior ischemic opticneuropathy,AION)是以视力急性下降 ,视盘缺血水肿 ,视野水平盲或象限盲为临床特征的眼底病。多发生在中老年人 ,常伴有高血压、动脉硬化、糖尿病、颈动脉疾病等血管性疾患 [1 ] 。为了进一步了解该病的临床特点 ,我们对 31例 AION患者的 37只患眼进行了图形视觉诱发电位 ( pattern visual evokedpotential,P- VEP)检测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　对象和方法2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 6月我院住院的 AION患者 31例 ,其中男 12例 ,女 19例 ;右眼 16例 ,左眼 9例 ,双眼 6例 ,共 37只患眼…     

前部缺血性视神经病变的血液流变学变化

我们对2000年6月～2001年9月临床诊断为前部缺血性视神经病变(anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,A1ON)的患者进行血液流变学检测,旨在探讨AION的血液流变学特征及血液黏度的变化与AION发病的关系.     

前部缺血性视神经病变诊断要点探讨

目的：报告19例22眼前部缺血性视神经病变的多种临床表现，探讨本病诊断要点。方法：应用眼底血管荧光造影和静态定量视野检查的方法，探讨多种改变形式。结果：视盘荧光充盈延缓和视盘荧光充盈缺损为造影主要表现；半盲，象限盲或扇形视野缺损为视野主要改变。结论：本病我发于50岁以上老年患者，其诊断主要依据较有特点的发病史，眼底血管荧光造影和视野改变特点来判断。及时诊断与治疗有利于本病的恢复。     

前部缺血性视神经病变疗效欠佳临床分析

目的:分析非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,NAION)治疗效果不满意原因,结合近年研究探讨治疗选择用药的依据。方法:NAION患者78例84眼,均提供有当地医院或首诊医院的荧光素眼底血管造影、眼底彩色相、视野、视力等资料,并符合NAION的诊断标准。治疗药物常选择糖皮质激素、血管扩张剂、高渗性脱水剂、营养神经药物等,同时应用或部分交叉应用,治疗时间1mo以上,从视力、视野、眼底、FFA,OCT检查结果分析药物治疗不满意的因素。结果:84眼经治疗后效果不满意患者,再次就诊时视盘水肿均消退,颜色明显变淡色泽不一致者65眼;视盘全部色淡不易分辨者19眼。复查造影,视盘部分轻度着色9例,其余视盘表现为无渗漏无着色。OCT检查31眼中盘周颞侧神经纤维厚度较正常人均值减少2/3者9眼,减少1/2者11眼,减少1/3者11眼,纵横十字扫描无视杯27眼,浅窄视杯4眼。所有病例在就诊时中心视力均较首诊医院治疗前下降4行以上,最多由1.5下降到0.04。11眼复查视野,结果缺损范围扩大>10°,或原相对缺损区变成绝对缺损区。糖皮质激素、血管扩张剂、高渗性脱水剂、营养神经药物等同时或部分交叉长期非个性化应用是导致疗效不满意的主要原因。结论:除疾病自身特点外,在发病后采取药物积极治疗及选择药物得当与否与疗效和预后密切相关,应尽可能缩短糖皮质激素应用时间,在NAION水肿期根据血黏度、血压、血糖、血脂、视杯形态采取针对性药物的个性化治疗,以提高疗效。     

Effect of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation in Patients with Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy or Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

Purpose To determine whether transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) can improve the visual function of patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) or traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Methods Eight consecutive patients at the Osaka University Hospital were studied. TES (600–800 μA, 20 Hz, 30 min) was applied once each to three eyes with NAION and to five eyes with TON, using a contact lens-type stimulating electrode. The primary outcome measurement was the change in visual acuity at 1 to 3 months after TES. An improvement in visual acuity was defined as a change of ≥0.3 log (minimum angle of resolution) (logMAR) units. The side effects of TES were also investigated. Results After TES application, the visual acuity improved in two patients with NAION and in four patients with TON. Visual acuity did not worsen in any of the eyes. Only a mild superficial punctuate keratopathy was observed in all eyes immediately after TES, and it healed by the next day. Conclusions Visual acuity can be improved after TES without major complications in some patients with NAION or TON. These results suggest that TES should be considered as a new treatment for eyes with optic neuropathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2006;50:266–273 ? Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2006     

Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a common cause of visual loss in patients over 50 years of age. Optical coherence tomography has provided new information which may have implications regarding future approaches to management.     

Development of Bilateral,Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in an Eye with Diabetic Papillopathy

Background Diabetic papillopathy and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy are different clinical entities with different prognoses. We describe a case of diabetic papillopathy that developed into bilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION).Case A 58-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus had bilateral disc elevation. Goldmann perimetry showed altitudinal hemianopsia in the left eye. The early phase of fluorescein angiography showed hypoperfusion in the superior segment of the left optic disc indicating AION in the left eye.Observations During the follow-up period, the visual field of the left eye was further constricted and that of the right eye also developed signs of AION, suggesting that bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy had developed. After steroid pulse therapy, her vision recovered slightly, but the visual field remained constricted in both eyes. The optic discs had a low cup/disc ratio.Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that diabetic papillopathy can precede the development of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:158–162 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

Follow-Up of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy With Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to describe capillary changes in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) and correlate the results with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, OCT retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and combined thickness of ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (GCIPL) thicknesses.MethodsWe enrolled 22 eyes with acute NAION and 30 normal control (NC) subjects in this study. Whole en face image vessel density (WiVD) was measured in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus (RPC), superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep vascular complex (DVC) using OCT-A. The examination was repeated at 1 (M1), 3 (M3), 6 (M6), and 9 (M9) months after presentation for NAION.ResultsThe initial RPC WiVD was significantly reduced in the acute NAION group compared to the NC group (P < 0.0001). Over the course of NAION follow-up, RPC WiVD was significantly reduced at M1 (P < 0.001 compared to M0) and M3 (P < 0.0001 compared to M1). However, there was no significant further decrease at M6 and M9. The initial SCP WiVD was significantly reduced in the NAION group compared to the NC group (P < 0.0001 for both). Over the course of NAION follow-up, a significant decrease was observed for SCP WiVD at M1 (P < 0.001 compared to M0), but no significant change was seen at M3, M6, or M9. DVC was normal in the NAION group. Correlations were found between GCIPL and SCP WiVD in the NAION acute phase (R = 0.604, P = 0.003) and in the M9 atrophic stage (R = 0.551, P = 0.009). At M9, RPC WiVD was correlated with BCVA (R = −0.562, P = 0.007), mean deviation (R = 0.518, P = 0.01), and RNFL (R = 0.655, P = 0.001).ConclusionsOver the course of NAION, OCT-A provided detailed visualization of retinal capillary plexus involvement.     

Acute Unilateral Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Optic Nerve Head Drusen: Report of a Rare Coexistence

A 45-year-old white male noticed on awakening the painless loss of inferior vision in the left eye 2 days ago. He was otherwise well and his medical history was unremarkable. Visual acuity was 20/20 in OD and 20/32 in OS with a left inferior altitudinal defect and right blind spot enlargement demonstrable on visual field test. On fundus examination, both disc margins were blurred and the left disc was diffusely oedematous, with linear haemorrhages in the adjacent nerve fibre layer. Radiologic imaging and laboratory tests were unremarkable. Bilateral optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) was demonstrated by optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging. Unilateral acute non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and concomitant bilateral ONHD were diagnosed. NAION may develop secondary to ONHD. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this rare association and inform the patients about this risk. Patients with ONHD should be followed-up periodically in terms of possible ischemic complications.     

非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变患眼视盘周围及黄斑区视网膜血流参数变化特征

目的：观察非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变（NAION）患眼视盘周围及黄斑区视网膜血流相关参数的变化特征。方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选择2017年10月至2018年6月在南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院确诊的萎缩型NAION患者（发病时间>3个月）18例（18眼）。另选取眼部检查正常的门诊健康体检者20例（20眼）作为正常对照组。使用AngioVue OCT血管成像系统对所有受检者进行视盘及其血流成像、黄斑区血流成像及黄斑视神经节细胞复合体（GCC）扫描,测量视盘周围神经纤维（pRNFL）厚度、GCC厚度和整个平面视网膜血流密度（wiVD）,包括视盘周围放射状毛细血管（RPC）、视乳头旁的RPC血流密度（ppVD）、浅层毛细血管丛（SCP）、深层毛细血管丛（DCP）及黄斑中心凹旁血流密度（pfVD）。组间数据比较采用卡方检验及独立样本t检验,Logistic回归及线性回归分析各血流参数对NAION发病、GCC等的影响,Pearson相关分析上下部分ppVD与pRNFL的相关性。结果：与正常对照组比较,NAION组pRNFL厚度、RPC wiVD、ppVD明显较低（t=-6.567、-6.958、-6.668,P<0.001）,SCP wiVD、DCP wiVD及GCC厚度亦明显较低（t=-6.226、-2.760、-6.340,P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示NAION发病与ppVD相关（b=0.502,OR=1.653,P=0.045）。线性回归分析显示NAION患者的LogMAR BCVA与SCP wiVD相关（b=-0.726,P=0.003）,pRNFL厚度与ppVD相关（b=0.883,P=0.001）。上半部分的pRNFL厚度与上半部分ppVD呈正相关（r=0.946,P<0.001）,下半部分的pRNFL厚度与下半部分ppVD呈正相关（r=0.680,P=0.031）。结论：病程>3个月的NAION患眼视盘周围及黄斑区大血管附近血流显著减少。NAION患眼ppVD越稀疏,NAION发病可能性越大,pRNFL相对越薄;SCP wiVD越稀疏,NAION患眼的视力相对越差。     

Treatment of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common clinical presentation of acute ischemic damage to the optic nerve. Most treatments proposed for NAION are empirical and include a wide range of agents presumed to act on thrombosis, on the blood vessels, or on the disk edema itself. Others are presumed to have a neuroprotective effect. Although there have been multiple therapies attempted, most have not been adequately studied, and animal models of NAION have only recently emerged. The Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, the only class I large multicenter prospective treatment trial for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, found no benefit from surgical intervention. One recent large, nonrandomized controlled study suggested that oral steroids might be helpful for acute NAION. Others recently proposed interventions are intravitreal injections of steroids or anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. There are no class I studies showing benefit from either medical or surgical treatments. Most of the literature on the treatment of NAION consists of retrospective or prospective case series and anecdotal case reports. Similarly, therapies aimed at secondary prevention of fellow eye involvement in NAION remain of unproven benefit.     

Optic Disc Cupping in Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Resembles Glaucomatous Cupping

Five cases of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis are presented. In each case, cupping of the optic disc, which closely resembled glaucomatous cupping, was observed in the affected eye. The presence of glaucoma was ruled out on the basis of normal intraocular pressures and normal tonographic measurements of facility of outflow. These cases indicate that arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy can result in optic disc cupping, which closely resembles glaucomatous cupping. The similarities in the appearance of cupping of these discs with that seen in eyes with glaucoma suggest that the pathogenesis of cupping in glaucoma and in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy may share some common mechanisms.     

Choroidal Thickness in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy: A Study with Optical Coherence Tomography

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy in adults over 50 years of age. It is usually related to cardiovascular risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate choroidal thickness in patients with chronic NA-AION, and the secondary objective was to evaluate macular thickness in these patients. This cross-sectional study compared two groups: group 1 included 20 eyes of 20 patients with chronic NA-AION, and group 2 included 31 eyes of 31 healthy controls. In both groups, the choroidal thickness was measured using the enhanced depth imaging program of Heidelberg Spectralis® optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The macular thickness was also measured using the automatic software of the same device. The mean follow-up time after NA-AION in group 1 was 57.17 ± 26.92 months. The mean choroidal thickness of the posterior pole was 244.38 ± 61.03 µm in group 1 and 214.18 ± 65.97 µm in group 2 (p = 0.004). The mean macular thickness was higher in group 2. Macular thickness is reduced in eyes that had an episode of NA-AION, whereas choroidal thickness is generally higher in these eyes when compared with normal eyes. The increase in choroidal thickness may be due to a local dysfunction in vascular autoregulatory mechanisms, which may predispose to ischemic phenomena.     

Choroidal Thickness in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy: A Study with Optical Coherence Tomography

Abstract

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is the most common nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy in adults over 50 years of age. It is usually related to cardiovascular risk factors. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate choroidal thickness in patients with chronic NA-AION, and the secondary objective was to evaluate macular thickness in these patients. This cross-sectional study compared two groups: group 1 included 20 eyes of 20 patients with chronic NA-AION, and group 2 included 31 eyes of 31 healthy controls. In both groups, the choroidal thickness was measured using the enhanced depth imaging program of Heidelberg Spectralis® optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). The macular thickness was also measured using the automatic software of the same device. The mean follow-up time after NA-AION in group 1 was 57.17?±?26.92 months. The mean choroidal thickness of the posterior pole was 244.38?±?61.03?µm in group 1 and 214.18?±?65.97?µm in group 2 (p?=?0.004). The mean macular thickness was higher in group 2. Macular thickness is reduced in eyes that had an episode of NA-AION, whereas choroidal thickness is generally higher in these eyes when compared with normal eyes. The increase in choroidal thickness may be due to a local dysfunction in vascular autoregulatory mechanisms, which may predispose to ischemic phenomena.