基于马尔可夫随机场的加密二值图像有损压缩算法

尽管当前已有众多二值图像的压缩方法,但这些方法并不能直接应用于加密二值图像的压缩。在云计算、分布式处理等场景下,如何高效地对加密二值图像进行有损压缩仍然是一个挑战,而当前鲜有这方面的研究。针对此问题,提出了一种基于马尔可夫随机场(MRF)的加密二值图像有损压缩算法。该算法用MRF表征二值图像的空域统计特性,进而借助MRF及解压缩还原的像素推断加密二值图像压缩过程中被丢弃的像素。所提算法的发送方采用流密码对二值图像进行加密,云端先后利用分块均匀但块内随机的下抽样方式及低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)编码对加密二值图像进行压缩,接收方则通过构造包含解码、解密及MRF重构的联合因子图实现二值图像的有损重构。实验结果表明,所提算法获得了较好的压缩效率,在0.2~0.4 bpp压缩率时有损重构图像的比特误差率(BER)不超过5%;而与针对未加密原始二值图像的国际压缩标准JBIG2的压缩效率相比,所提算法的压缩效率与其相当。这些充分表明了所提算法的可行性与有效性。     

误差分散半调图像的有损压缩算法

对误差分散半调图像进行无损压缩所得压缩率较低,而现有二值图像有损压缩算法对该类图像的压缩效果并不理想。为此,结合逆半调技术设计一种有损压缩算法。选用LUT逆半调算法对误差分散半调图像进行灰度化重建,对灰度图像的DCT变换系数量化压缩法进行改进,提高了压缩率,并构建出一种误差分散图像的有损压缩算法。实验结果表明,该算法能获得较高的压缩率和较好的压缩效果。     

彩色图像加密与压缩关联算法

针对传统的加密方法在彩色图像压缩方面的不足,提出一种用于保密通信的彩色图像加密与压缩关联算法。设计一个混合混沌系统在空域对秘密图像进行置乱。混沌系统产生针对彩色图像混淆变换的变换矩阵,改变载体图像的像素值。秘密图像每一像素的编码值与载体图像在设定区域中最佳像素点的坐标一一对应。最佳像素点按照最小欧氏距离的原则在载体图像的设定区域内搜索。经过压缩编码后的秘密图像数据不再是传统的像素值,而只是与序号或者下标对应的编码值。当压缩了67%的图像数据时,重构图像和原始图像的相似度仍然超过95%。对密钥空间、密钥的敏感性、加密图像的统计特性等加密效果进行仿真实验,结果表明,该算法安全性高、压缩率大,是一种有效的、易于实现的加密算法。     

基于块稀疏贝叶斯学习的体域网心电压缩采样

为有效提高体域网的实时性和降低体域网的功耗,提出一种基于块稀疏贝叶斯学习的体域网心电压缩采样方法。该方法在体域网框架下,利用压缩采样理论,在体域网的传感节点利用二进制随机观测矩阵对心电信号进行压缩采样,远程监护中心获得采样值之后,利用块稀疏贝叶斯学习重构算法和离散余弦稀疏变换矩阵对心电信号进行重构。实验结果表明,当心电信号压缩率在70%~90%时,基于块稀疏贝叶斯学习的重构算法要比其他重构算法的重构信噪比高出3 dB~21 dB。该方法能有效减少数据采样,减轻后续的数据存储、数据传输压力,提高体域网的实时性。同时该方法具有功耗低,易于硬件实现的优点。     

基于小波变换的压缩感知在图像加密中的应用

利用单层小波变换的压缩感知算法的特点,提出了一种基于斜帐篷映射的混沌图像加密系统的改进方法.加密时,首先应用基于单层小波变换的压缩感知算法对图像进行初始化,然后对初始化后的图像加密.解密时,首先进行加密映射的反变换解密,然后利用正交匹配追踪算法(OMP)对高频系数进行恢复,最后再进行小波反变换重构图像.仿真结果表明,该算法不仅继承了原有系统的优良密码学特性,而且在相同时间条件下,在图像较小失真的情况下大大增加图像加密的安全性.     

一种基于感兴趣区的小波图像编码算法

该文从图像有损压缩后产生的差值图像入手,分析了不同压缩比下嵌入式零树编码对有损压缩图像与原图像的差值图像的影响,结合网络的互动特点,给出了一种基于图像感兴趣区残差图像的小波编码算法。该算法基于图像感兴趣区域的近无损压缩理论,利用了残差图像中的象素呈高斯分布特点。先对小波图像在较低信噪比下做嵌入式零树编码并重建有损图像,求出该图像与原图的差值;然后对该差值图像中的感兴趣区域做DCT编码,将二次编码的数据熵编码后跟在一次编码数据后面传输或存储,从而实现了基于感兴趣区的小波图像编码算法,实验结果表明,该算法不仅提高了压缩效率,而且满足了对感兴趣区图像质量的要求,其简便灵活的特点可以做为小波零树编码的重要补充。     

基于查找表的误差分散半调图像的混合压缩算法

结合现有逆半调技术,针对无损压缩所得压缩率较低,而现有二值图像有损压缩算法对误差分散图像的压缩效果并不理想等缺陷,设计了一种针对误差分散半调图像的混合压缩算法。该算法采用LUT逆半调对误差分散半调图像进行灰度化重建,再通过改进离散余弦变换(DCT)系数量化法,以提高压缩率。实验证明该算法能获得较好的压缩效果和较高的压缩率。     

可重构加密处理器控制模块的设计方法

可重构加密处理器是采用可重构体系结构设计而成的,用于对数据进行加/解密处理的集成电路芯片,它能够灵活、快速地实现多种不同的密码算法。可重构加密处理器由控制模块和加密/解密处理模块两大部分组成,其中,控制模块用于控制加密/解密程序的装载、存储和执行,加密/解密处理模块用于在控制模块的驱动下对数据进行加密/解密处理。文章提出了可重构加密处理器的控制模块的设计方法。     

基于混沌系统的彩色图像分存算法的研究

为了实现彩色图像的秘密传输,本文给出一种基于混沌的彩色图像分存算法。首先由彩色图像得到单色图像,然后把每幅单色图像分割成四幅图像,最后利用Logistic混沌系统生成的密钥流把分割后的图像进行加密后隐藏到载体图像中。解密过程采取相反的步骤即可得到原始的图像。根据这一方案实现了加密解密系统,系统表明该算法简单易行,具有很好的安全性。     

抗图像合并的鲁棒性彩色图像水印算法

阐述了数字水印在彩色图像合并操作下的应用,考虑了JPEG2000有损压缩的影响,提出了一种对JPEG2000和JPEG有损压缩、图像剪切、合并操作具有强鲁棒的水印算法．试验证明,该算法对彩色图像转换到灰度图像、对JPEG2000高达1：50的压缩比、任意数量的图像合并、不超过50％的剪切以及噪声攻击具有较强的鲁棒性,提取的水印效果比较好。     

Partially compressed-encrypted domain robust JPEG image watermarking

Digital media is often handled in a compressed and encrypted form in Digital Asset Management Systems. And watermarking of the compressed encrypted media items in the compressed-encrypted domain itself is required sometimes for copyright violation detection or other purposes. In this paper, we propose a robust image watermarking technique for partially compressed-encrypted JPEG images. However, arbitrary embedding of a watermark in a partially compressed encrypted image can cause drastic degradation of the quality as the underlying change may result in random decrypted values. In addition, due to the encryption the compression efficiency may become very low. Thus the challenge is to design a watermarking technique that provides good watermarked image quality and at the same time gives good compression efficiency. While the proposed technique embeds watermark in the partially compressed-encrypted domain, the extraction of watermark can be done in the encrypted or decrypted domains. The experiments show that the watermarked image quality is good and the reduction in compression efficiency is low. The proposed watermarking technique is robust to common signal processing attacks. The watermark detection performance of the proposed scheme is better than the existing encrypted domain watermarking techniques.     

一种有效的DCT域下采样视频解码算法

为了提高多媒体处理能力有限的终端上的视频播放能力,本文提出了一种有效的DCT域下采样视频解码算法。利用DCT变换的称卷积特性和能量集中特性对压缩视频进行下采样反DCT,并在下采样运动矢量近似和插值处理之后,通过下采样运动补偿重建下采样的视频图像。算法的下采样反DCT、像素插值和图像重建的运算复杂度分别比常规解码减少少了50％、50％和75％,使得整体解码效率有60％左右的提高。算法在基于XScale的嵌入式终端平台上进行了实现和测试,效果良好。     

图像加密预览算法

针对解密一个加密图像耗时长的问题,基于混沌帐篷映射加密算法提出一种图像加密预览算法。算法首先采用图像识别与图像分割技术选择图像关键区域或采用图像缩略图技术生成原图像的预览图像;然后利用混沌帐篷映射加密算法分别对原图像及其预览图像进行加密;最后将加密后的原图像和预览图像进行整合生成加密图像。该算法在解密原图像前先解密预览图像,实现加密图像预览功能。实验表明,该算法可以对加密图像进行解密前预览,预览效果好,耗时短。     

An HVS based adaptive quantization scheme for the compression of color images

In this paper a Human Visual System based adaptive quantization scheme is proposed. The proposed algorithm supports perceptually lossless as well as lossy compression. The algorithm uses a transform based compression approach using the wavelet transform, and has incorporated vision models for the compression of both luminance and chrominance components. The major strength of the coder is the incorporation of the vision model for the chrominance components and the optimum way in which the scales are distributed among the luminance and chrominance components to achieve higher compression ratios. The perceptual model developed for the color components gives flexibility for giving more compression for the color components without causing any color degradations. For each image the visual thresholds are evaluated and an optimum bit allocation is done in such a way that the quantization error is always less than the visual distortion for the given rate. To validate the strength of the proposed algorithm, the perceptual quality of the images reconstructed using the proposed coder is compared with the images reconstructed with JPEG2000 standard coder, for the same compression. To evaluate the perceptual quality of the compressed images latest perceptual quality matrices such as Structural Similarity Index, Visual Information Fidelity and Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio are used. The results obtained reveal that the proposed structure gives excellent improvement in perceptual quality compared to the existing schemes, for both lossy as well as lossless compression. These advantages make the proposed algorithm a good candidate for replacing the quantizer stage of the current image compression standards.     

医学图像感兴趣区的内嵌小波编码新方法*

提出了一种新颖的适合医学图像的压缩算法AR-EWC(embedded wavelet coding of arbitrary ROI).该算法保证了感兴趣区域边界与背景光滑过渡,支持任意形状ROI的无失真编码,生成内嵌有损到无损图像质量渐进优化的码流,并且可以对ROI独立随机存取.针对医学图像的特点,对包含重要临床诊断信息区域采用完全无失真的无损压缩,而对背景采用高压缩比的有损压缩,既保证了医学图像对高质量的要求,相对于传统的无损方案又大大提高了图像的整体压缩比.在临床头部MR图像数据集上的实验表明,该算法在保证了ROI区域无损压缩的前提下,达到了与经典的有损压缩算法相当的压缩比率.     

Compression of encrypted images with multi-layer decomposition

This work proposes a novel scheme of lossy compression for encrypted gray images. In the encryption phase, the original image is decomposed into a sub-image and several layers of prediction errors, and the sub-image and prediction errors are encrypted using an exclusive-or operation and a pseudo-random permutation, respectively. Although a channel provider does not know the cryptographic key and the original content, he can still effectively reduce the amount of encrypted data by quantizing the permuted prediction errors on various layers, and an optimization method with rate-distortion criteria can be employed to select the values of quantization steps. At receiver side with the knowledge of cryptographic key, a decoder integrating dequantization, decryption and image reconstruction functions is used to retrieve the principal content of original image from the compressed data. Experimental result shows the rate-distortion performance of the proposed scheme is significantly better than that of previous technique.     

Chaotic encryption with different modes of operation based on Rubik’s cube for efficient wireless communication

A novel image encryption algorithm based on the Rubik’s cube scrambling is proposed in this paper to achieve simultaneous encryption of a group of images. This proposed encryption algorithm begins with chaotic Baker map permutation with a selected mode of operation or RC6 algorithm as a first step for encrypting the images, separately. After that, the obtained encrypted images are further encrypted in a second stage with Rubik’s cube. Chaotic or RC6 encrypted images are used as the faces of the Rubik’s cube. From the concepts of image encryption, the RC6 algorithm adds a degree of diffusion, while chaotic Baker map adds a degree of permutation. The Rubik’s cube algorithm adds more permutation to the encrypted images, simultaneously. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed encryption algorithm is efficient, and it exhibits strong robustness and security. The encrypted images are further transmitted over a wireless channel with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, and decrypted at the receiver side. Evaluation of the quality of the decrypted images at the receiver side reveals good performance.

     

彩色数字图像的脆弱数字水印

针对彩色数字图像局部区域内容保护和认证,研究了彩色数字图像的脆弱数字水印.为了保证水印的安全性,利用三维二值混沌序列对原始二值水印图像进行加密,对提取的加密二值水印图像进行解密.嵌入载体图像的水印和从嵌入水印的图像中提取的水印均是加密水印.将彩色数字图像中被保护区域的三个分量的小波变换域分别嵌入加密水印,以保护其内容的完整性和不可篡改性.采用模运算实现水印的嵌入和盲提取.理论分析和实验结果表明,该脆弱水印算法对彩色数字图像保护区域内的任何篡改,都能够正确地检测和定位.     

基于DCT快速变换的图像压缩编码算法

在JPEG标准中,基于图像压缩的有损压缩算法中的离散余弦变换（DCT）,应用于很多图像压缩场合,并且在实际操作中,能获得较高的压缩比,同时压缩后的图像与原始图像的视觉效果基本相同,因此得到了广泛应用。为了达到提高图像质量的目的,文中提出了一个基于二维离散余弦变换（DCT）的图像压缩改进算法,该算法通过设置量化系数来控制图像压缩数组的大小。同时,在图像压缩部分利用DCT快速算法。仿真实验结果表明：该算法进一步提高了图像的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和主观视觉质量。