马立克氏病病毒meq基因敲除株感染性克隆的免疫效果评价

【目的】比较和评价了敲除meq基因的MDV感染性克隆作为新型DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果。【方法】将1日龄SPF鸡饲养于正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,将SPF鸡以10μg/只的剂量通过大腿肌肉注射的方式接种溶解于PBS缓冲液中的敲除meq基因的MDV感染性克隆GX0101 Δmeq-BAC,分别在免疫后5天或12天以500PFU/只的剂量接种超强毒rMd5。饲养90天,观察死亡情况,对每一只鸡剖检并取心脏与肝脏做石蜡切片,进行病理观察。【结果】免疫5天后攻毒,CVI988/Rispens对超强毒rMd5的保护指数可达到87%,GX0101 Δmeq-BAC对rMd5的保护指数仅达33%;而免疫12天后对rMd5的保护指数为53%。【结论】相对于细胞结合疫苗CVI988/Rispens,DNA疫苗在机体内的病毒拯救是使其获得保护力的前提条件,因此有一定的免疫空当期。以GX0101 Δmeq-BAC作为疫苗免疫不仅能使雏鸡在受到超强毒感染时发病延迟,而且还能提供较好的免疫保护效果。     

马立克氏病病毒meg基因敲除株感染性克隆的免疫效果评价

摘要：【目的】比较和评价了敲除meq基因的MDV感染性克隆作为新型DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果。【方法】将1日龄SPF鸡饲养于正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,将SPF鸡以10 μg /只的剂量通过大腿肌肉注射的方式接种溶解于PBS缓冲液中的敲除meq基因的MDV感染性克隆GX0101Δmeq-BAC,分别在免疫后5天或12天以500 PFU/只的剂量接种超强毒rMd5。饲养90天,观察死亡情况,对每一只鸡剖检并取心脏与肝脏做石蜡切片,进行病理观察。【结果】免疫5天后攻毒,CVI988/Risp     

敲除meq的鸡马立克氏病毒强毒株对超强毒的免疫保护作用

【目的】比较和评价一株敲除了meq基因的马立克氏病毒(MDV)的致病性及其诱发的保护性免疫作用。【方法】将1日龄SPF鸡150只随机分为5组,每组30只,分别饲养于正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,第1和第5组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种GX0101Δmeq,第2组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种CVI988/Rispens疫苗株,第3和第4组鸡不接种任何病毒作为对照组。免疫接种5d后,第1、2、3组分别以500PFU/只的剂量攻击MDV超强毒株vvrMd5。饲养90d,观察死亡情况,对各组死亡鸡只剖检,并取疑似马立克特有病变脏器做石蜡切片,于攻毒后90d处死全部存活鸡并随机取心脏、肝脏、脾脏做病理切片。【结果】单独接种GX0101Δmeq的第5组没有任何马立克氏病临床症状和特有的组织学病变,接种GX0101Δmeq再感染超强毒株vvrMd5的第1组也没有马立克病特有的组织学病变,但CVI988/Rispens免疫后感染超强毒株vvrMd5的第2组显示马立克病特有病变的病理切片比例为9/42,单独接种超强毒株vvrMd5的第3组死亡率为87%,死亡鸡出现可眼观典型肿瘤率为25%,免疫接种GX0101Δmeq和CVI988/Rispens的第1组和第2组对超强毒株vvrMd5攻击的保护指数分别为100%和89%。【结论】本实验构建的MDVmeq基因缺失株-GX0101Δmeq可在体外稳定复制,不仅对SPF鸡没有致病性和致瘤性,而且能诱导比CVI988/Rispens疫苗株更好的对超强毒MDV的免疫保护效果。     

鸡马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白gB基因的表达及基因免疫

将马立克氏病病毒(Marek's disease virus,MDV)gB基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3中,经酶切和PCR鉴定为正向插入了gB基因的重组质粒,命名为pcDNA3-gB。体外转染COS-7细胞,经间接免疫荧光染色证实转染pcDNA3-gB后的COS-7细胞内有糖蛋白B的表达。用pcDNA3-gB对从肉用雏鸡腿部肌肉注射,进行一免。间隔2周后,用pcDNA3-gB再加强免疫一次。之后2周攻毒,观察免疫保护效果。结果表明,MDV gB基因DNA免疫可以诱导鸡体产生免疫保护,免疫保护指数为72．2％。     

鸡马立克氏病毒抗性相关基因研究进展

马立克氏病（MD）对养禽业危害极大,可导致鸡群的免疫抑制,引起继发感染和免疫失败。然而,不同品系鸡对马立克氏病毒（MDV）抗性差异较大,呈现出较高的遗传相关性。近年来,随着MDV抗性研究的不断深入,与MDV抗性相关基因的研究已成为研究热点,本文就其研究进展作一综述。     

4株鸡马立克氏病病毒国内分离株Meq基因的克隆与序列分析

根据鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)GA株Meq基因序列,设计并合成一对用于扩增Meq基因的引物,利用这对引物通过PCR方法分别扩增4株东北地区分离的强毒株、国内标准强毒株J-1株、国内疫苗株814株的Meq基因片段,进行克隆测序,对4株MDV分离毒株Meq基因与国内传统毒株Meq基因及GenBank上收录的国内外9株毒株Meq基因序列进行比较分析.序列比较显示,不同的MDV株的Meq基因序列相对比较保守,它们相互间氨基酸序列的同源性在96.5%～99.7%之间.4株MDV分离毒株Meq基因在相关报道中提到的与毒力相关的脯氨酸重复区存在点突变;3株分离毒株Meq基因上相同位置均存在两个定点突变,这两处点突变是国内近几年分离株所特有的,国外已发表的MDV毒株Meq序列中不存在这种变化.分离株Meq基因的这些突变和毒株毒力的关系具有一定的规律性,但是这些规律性还有待进一步研究.     

马立克氏病病毒Rispens株B抗原基因的克隆及其重组鸡痘病毒的构建

马立克氏病病毒（Ｍａｒｅｋ’ｓＤｉｓｅａｓｅＶｉｒｕｓ,ＭＤＶ）是马立克氏病（ＭＤ）的病原,是第一个能用实验证明具有致肿瘤作用的疱疹病毒,也是研究病毒性肿瘤特别是疱疹病毒肿瘤的理想的实验模型。ＭＤ还是第一个广泛使用疫苗预防的肿瘤性病毒病。应用免疫扩散...     

鸡马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白gB基因的表达及基因免疫

将马立克氏病病毒(Marek's disease virus,MDV)gB基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3中,经酶切和PCR鉴定为正向插入了gB基因的重组质粒,命名为pcDNA3-gB.体外转染COS-7细胞,经间接免疫荧光染色证实转染pcDNA3-gB后的COS-7细胞内有糖蛋白B的表达.用pcDNA3-gB对AA肉用雏鸡腿部肌肉注射,进行一免.间隔2周后,用pcDNA3-gB再加强免疫一次.之后2周攻毒,观察免疫保护效果.结果表明,MDV gB基因DNA免疫可以诱导鸡体产生免疫保护,免疫保护指数为72.2%.     

应用亲和层析法是纯鸡马立克氏病病毒PP38基因重组产物

利用鸡马立氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）Ｉ型特异单克隆抗体Ｈ１９致敏Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ－ＣＮＢｒ,从感染重组病毒ＢＰ３８Ⅱ的昆虫细胞中提纯鸡马立克氏病毒ＰＰ３８基因重组产物,获得良好效果,提纯的蛋白质的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中表现出一条分子量约为３８ｋＤａ的蛋白质条带,在免疫印迹试验中该蛋白质带也能被单克隆抗体Ｈ１９识别。利用该提纯的重组ＰＰ３８免疫小鼠,所制备的小鼠抗血清在免疫荧光染色试验中不仅能与感染重组病     

接种不同毒力的马立克氏病病毒后鸡病毒血症的动态比较

1日龄非免疫鸡分别接 马立克氏病病毒（MDV）Ⅰ强毒GA株、Ⅰ型MDV疫苗毒CVI988株和Ⅲ型火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）疫苗株后第4日起,定期采血并和抗MDV囊膜糖蛋白B(gB)单克隆抗体介导的间接免疫荧光试验检测MDV在外周因液单核细胞（PBMCs）中的感染状况。结果发现,自接种Ⅰ型强毒GA株后第4日至鸡发病死亡前,都能检出GA株引起的病毒血症,并于2周左右达到高峰;自接种CVI988株后第4日至第20日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第8天左右达到高峰;自接种HVT后第4日至第16日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第6天左右达到高峰。与此同时,将GA株病毒血症的IFA检测结果与细胞培养上病毒空班计数试验结果比较,发现IFA试验比空斑计数试验更为敏感。本试验既可用于判断对鸡作MDV疫苗免疫的接种效果,又可用于检测MDV野毒感染状态。     

表达传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白的重组马立克氏病毒的构建

用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法从真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-VP2中扩增出包含CMV和polyA的VP2表达盒基因片段,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳大小为2.4kb;将该基因片段插入马立克氏病病毒(MDV)CVI988//Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,经SphI酶切分析获得大小为6.0和2.4kb两个片段,表明成功构建出表达VP2基因的MDV CVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2质粒.将质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),通过免疫荧光方法筛选,结果获得了表达VP2基因的重组MDV(rMDV-VP2).用IBDV特异性单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)证实,rMDV-VP2病毒传至第8代仍能稳定表达VP2蛋白,这为进一步研究其免疫学特性奠定了基础.     

马立克氏病病毒I型CVI988/Rispens疫苗株UL13激酶结构域分析及其偏嗜密码子片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

摘要：目的 寻找MDV-1UL13激酶催化中心,并体外表达UL13,以便研究UL13蛋白激酶的功能。方法 用PCR方法从CVI988疫苗株基因组中扩增UL13基因,利用GENEART（www.gcua.de）分析UL13在大肠杆菌中表达时密码子的偏嗜性;通过DNAstar抗原性分析确定UL13的高抗原性片段,进行原核表达,并以切胶免疫方法免疫小鼠制备多抗血清;通过NCBI的protein blast功能及Cn3D 4.1在线软件分析UL13保守结构域。结果 PCR扩增出UL13基因,序列分析结果表明, UL13的259-400aa、431-513aa两个片段抗原性强,且稀有密码子较少;保守结构域分析发现UL13催化中心主要位于152-297氨基酸残基间,且在激酶Subdomain Ⅶ的保守甘氨酸残基被丝氨酸替代,SubdomainⅧ的保守非极性脯氨酸残基被极性半胱氨酸残基替换。利用大肠杆菌表达的UL13第259～400 aa片段免疫小鼠制备出多抗血清能与真核表达产物反应。结论 MDV-1 UL13催化中心主要位于152-297氨基酸残基间,体外表达的基因产物诱导机体产生了抗UL13激酶的特异性抗体。     

马立克氏病病毒REispens株B抗原基因的克隆及其重组鸡痘病毒的构建

Purified DNAs from Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) cultures infected with MDV strain Rispens were used as templates. Specific fragment with the size of about 2.9 kb was successfully amplified through Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) and identified to be gB gene of MDV by dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled MDV gB specific oligonucleotide probe. The gB gene from strain Rispens was cloned into pUC19 and FPV insertion vector pFG1175-1 to construct plasmid pMGB and pFGBR1775-1 respectively. DOSPER liposome-mediated transfection with insertion vector DNA pFGBR1175-1 was performed on CEF monolayers infected with FPV 3-4 h earlier. Recombinant FPV was clone purified. Immunofluorescence Assay(IFA) showed that MDV gB gene had been expressed in FPV.     

不同代次毒种乙脑减毒活疫苗的滴度和安全性实验结果比较

为比较不同代次的乙脑毒种在疫苗制备过程中对疫苗质量的影响,特制备不同代次的工作种子SA14 14 2PHK7、PHK8、PHK9,检定合格后,分别用这几批毒种制备乙脑减毒活疫苗,检定和比较疫苗的滴度和各项安全性指标。实验表明SA14 -14 -2PHK7、PHK8和PHK9三个代次的乙脑毒种制备的乙脑疫苗平均滴度为 6. 43lgPFU/ml;乳鼠传代返祖试验均值为 1. 1lgLD50 /0. 03ml;致病力均为阴性。证实乙脑毒种SA14 -14 -2 10代以内的生物学特性是稳定的,对疫苗的影响无显著差异。10代以内的乙脑毒种可安全的用于疫苗生产。     

Interference between strains in live virus vaccines. II: Combined vaccination with varicella and measles-mumps-rubella vaccine

A combined vaccine against varicella and measles-mumps-rubella made by mixing two commercially available products (Varilrix and Pluserix SK-RIT) has proved to be only partially successful in early trials. Although the seroconversion rates with the MMR components were comparable with those usually achieved, the varicella take was depressed to 77%. A new low dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine was prepared in which the measles virus content was reduced to 1/5 and the mumps virus content to 1/8. Commercial varicella vaccine was added to the low dose MMR vaccine. The seroconversion rates for measles was 98.2%, for mumps 100%, for rubella 99.4% and for varicella 98%. This product seemed to be well balanced in respect of a possible interference between the four different virus vaccine strains.     

Sequence-based prediction for vaccine strain selection and identification of antigenic variability in foot-and-mouth disease virus

Identifying when past exposure to an infectious disease will protect against newly emerging strains is central to understanding the spread and the severity of epidemics, but the prediction of viral cross-protection remains an important unsolved problem. For foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) research in particular, improved methods for predicting this cross-protection are critical for predicting the severity of outbreaks within endemic settings where multiple serotypes and subtypes commonly co-circulate, as well as for deciding whether appropriate vaccine(s) exist and how much they could mitigate the effects of any outbreak. To identify antigenic relationships and their predictors, we used linear mixed effects models to account for variation in pairwise cross-neutralization titres using only viral sequences and structural data. We identified those substitutions in surface-exposed structural proteins that are correlates of loss of cross-reactivity. These allowed prediction of both the best vaccine match for any single virus and the breadth of coverage of new vaccine candidates from their capsid sequences as effectively as or better than serology. Sub-sequences chosen by the model-building process all contained sites that are known epitopes on other serotypes. Furthermore, for the SAT1 serotype, for which epitopes have never previously been identified, we provide strong evidence--by controlling for phylogenetic structure--for the presence of three epitopes across a panel of viruses and quantify the relative significance of some individual residues in determining cross-neutralization. Identifying and quantifying the importance of sites that predict viral strain cross-reactivity not just for single viruses but across entire serotypes can help in the design of vaccines with better targeting and broader coverage. These techniques can be generalized to any infectious agents where cross-reactivity assays have been carried out. As the parameterization uses pre-existing datasets, this approach quickly and cheaply increases both our understanding of antigenic relationships and our power to control disease.     

Interference between strains in live virus vaccines, I: Combined vaccination with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine

One to four different lots of four commercially available trivalent measles-mumps-rubella vaccines were tested for their efficacy as measured by the induction of antibodies to the three vaccine viruses. All of the products were satisfactory although a 100% seroconversion rate was attained regularly only with rubella vaccine. The live virus in the different measles and mumps vaccine components and especially the relative amounts of measles to mumps virus varied widely. Obviously, the efficacy of a vaccine should not be judged only by the virus content. Of main importance is the further adjustment of the dosage of the interfering vaccine virus strains in relation to their attenuation.