氨溴索预先给药对单肺通气患者炎性反应及脂质过氧化反应的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of ambroxol pretreatment on the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Forty-five ASA I or II patients aged 37-64 yr weighing 53-65 kg undergoing thoracotomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each): group A two-lung ventilation (TLV); group B OLV and group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg + OLV. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and atracurium and maintained with propofol infusion and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and atracurium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT8-10 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm during TLV, VT 6-7 ml/kg, RR 16 bpm during OLV, I: E 1:2, FiO2 100% ). In group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg in normal saline ( NS) 100 ml was infused at 25 min before OLV (infusion rate 4 ml/min) , while in group A and B equal volume of NS was infused instead of ambroxol. Blood samples were obtained from radial artery before induction of anesthesia and OLV (T0.1 ) and at 0.5, 1, 2 h of OLV (T2-4 ) and 1, 2 h of TLV (T5,6 ) and at 24 h after operation (T7) in group B and C for determination of serum SOD activity and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts. The same indexes were detected in group A at the corresponding time points.Results Serum SOD activity was significantly lower and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Serum SOD activity was significantly higher and serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly lower in group C than in group B. Conclusion Pretreatment with ambroxol 1 mg/kg can inhibit inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during OLV.     

氨溴索预先给药对单肺通气患者炎性反应及脂质过氧化反应的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of ambroxol pretreatment on the inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during one-lung ventilation (OLV) .Methods Forty-five ASA I or II patients aged 37-64 yr weighing 53-65 kg undergoing thoracotomy under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 15 each): group A two-lung ventilation (TLV); group B OLV and group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg + OLV. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and atracurium and maintained with propofol infusion and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and atracurium. The patients were mechanically ventilated (VT8-10 ml/kg, RR 12 bpm during TLV, VT 6-7 ml/kg, RR 16 bpm during OLV, I: E 1:2, FiO2 100% ). In group C ambroxol 1 mg/kg in normal saline ( NS) 100 ml was infused at 25 min before OLV (infusion rate 4 ml/min) , while in group A and B equal volume of NS was infused instead of ambroxol. Blood samples were obtained from radial artery before induction of anesthesia and OLV (T0.1 ) and at 0.5, 1, 2 h of OLV (T2-4 ) and 1, 2 h of TLV (T5,6 ) and at 24 h after operation (T7) in group B and C for determination of serum SOD activity and TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts. The same indexes were detected in group A at the corresponding time points.Results Serum SOD activity was significantly lower and serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly higher in group B than in group A. Serum SOD activity was significantly higher and serum TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations and WBC and neutrophil granulocyte counts were significantly lower in group C than in group B. Conclusion Pretreatment with ambroxol 1 mg/kg can inhibit inflammatory response and lipid peroxidation during OLV.     

氨溴索预先给药对兔单肺通气时肺损伤的影响

目的 评价氨溴索预先给药对兔单肺通气时肺损伤的影响.方法 家兔67只随机分为4组,麻醉下气管插管,机械通气,A组(n=18)持续双肺通气4 h,B组(n=16)、C组(n=15)和D组(n=18)单肺通气2 h后恢复双肺通气2 h,C组和D组在单肺通气前分别静脉注射氨溴索5、15 mg/kg(生理盐水稀释至20 ml),B组给予等容量生理盐水.分别于麻醉前(基础状态)、单肺通气1、2 h、恢复双肺通气1、2 h时采集静脉血样,测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-8浓度,进行白细胞(WBC)计数和中性粒细胞计数,最后一次采集血样后,处死动物,取双侧肺组织,光镜下观察肺组织病理学.结果 与A组比较,B组、C组和D组SOD活性降低,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、WBC计数和中性粒细胞计数升高(P<0.05或0.01).与B组比较,C组和D组SOD活性升高,TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、WBC计数和中性粒细胞计数降低(P<0.05或0.01).C组和D组间上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组双侧肺组织未见明显损伤;C组和D组非通气侧肺组织损伤轻于B组.结论 静脉注射氨溴索5、15 mg/kg可减轻单肺通气诱发兔肺损伤,其机制与抑制炎性反应及脂质过氧化反应有关.     

雾化吸入小剂量氨溴索对开胸食道手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响

目的 评价雾化吸入氨溴索对开胸食道手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行开胸食道手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄39～64岁,体重50～85 kg,身高153～181cm.采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、静脉输注氨溴索组(IA组)和雾化吸入氨溴索组(AIA组).单肺通气前10 min,C组静脉输注生理盐水250 ml;IA组静脉输注氨溴索10mg/kg(用生理盐水稀释至250 ml);AIA组采用自制装置氧气驱动雾化吸入氨溴索4 ml(30 mg)+生理盐水2 ml,氧流量5～6 L/mim.于麻醉诱导后给药前1 min(T0)、单肺通气90 min(T,)和恢复双肺通气30 min(T2)时,采集桡动脉血样,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8和IL-10的浓度.结果 与T0时比较,各组T1和T2时血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8的浓度升高,IL-10浓度降低(P＜0.05);与C组比较,LA组和AIA组T1和T2时血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8的浓度降低,IL-10浓度升高(P＜0.05);IA组和AIA组各时点血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10的浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 雾化吸入小剂量氨溴索可抑制开胸食道手术患者单肺通气导致的炎性反应,且与静脉注射大剂量氨溴索效果相似.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of inhaled aerosolized low dose ambroxol on the inflammatory response to one-lung ventilation ( OLV) in patients undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery. Methods Sixty patients with normal heart and lung function undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 20 each): control group (group C) ; group IA received Ⅳ ambroxol 10 mg/kg after induction of anesthesia and group AIA inhaled aerosolized ambroxol 30 mg after induction of anesthesia. Arterial blood samples were taken after induction of anesthesia before ambroxol administration (T0, baseline) , at 90 min of OLV (T1 )and at 30 min after OLV (T2) for determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-10 by ELBA.Results Plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly increased while plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly decreased at T1 and T2 as compared with the baseline at T0 in all 3 groups. Plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 concentrations were significantly lower and plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly higher at T1 and T2 in groups IA and AIA than in group C. Conclusion Both Ⅳ large dose ambroxol and inhaled aerosolized low dose ambroxol can inhibit the inflammatory response to OLV in patients undergoing open-chest esophagus surgery.     

瑞芬太尼预先给药对兔心肌缺血再灌注时脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的 评价瑞芬太尼预先给药对兔心肌缺血再灌注时脂质过氧化反应的影响.方法 家兔40只,雌雄不拘,体重1.5～2.5 kg,随机分为5组(n=8),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和V组采用静脉注射垂体后叶素2.5 U/kg的方法制备急性心肌缺血模型,Ⅰ组和Ⅳ组给予等容量生理盐水.Ⅲ组静脉注射吗啡3.3 mg/kg后30 min给予垂体后叶素前;Ⅳ组静脉输注瑞芬太尼3.3μg·kg-1·min-130 min时给予生理盐水;V组静脉输注瑞芬太尼3.3μg·kg-1·min-1 30 min时给予垂体后叶素.于给予垂体后叶素前即刻(T1)、给予垂体后叶素后24 h(T2)、48 h(T3)时采集颈内静脉血样,测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.取心肌组织,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量.电镜下观察心肌组织超微结构.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组血清cTnI浓度和心肌组织MDA含量升高,心肌组织SOD活性降低(P＜0.01);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组及V组血清cTnI浓度和MDA含量降低,心肌组织SOD活性升高(P＜0.05或0.01).电镜下Ⅴ组心肌损伤程度轻于Ⅱ组.结论瑞芬太尼预先给药可抑制脂质过氧化反应,从而减轻兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤.     

术前雾化吸入布地奈德对开胸手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响

目的 评价术前雾化吸入布地奈德对开胸手术患者单肺通气时炎性反应的影响.方法 肺叶切除术患者50例,年龄20 ～ 60岁,体重50 ～ 80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其分为2组(n=25):对照组(C组)和布地奈德组(B组).术前C组雾化吸入生理盐水20 min;B组雾化吸入布地奈德1 mg 20 min.分别于单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气结束后30 min(T2)、术后24 h(T3)和48 h(T4)时采集动脉血样,进行血气分析；采集静脉血样,采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10的浓度.分别于T1和T2时,记录气道峰压、气道平台压和肺顺应性,采用ELISA测定支气管肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10浓度.结果 与C组比较,B组T1和T2时气道峰压和气道平台压降低,肺顺应性升高,T2时支气管肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低,T2-4时氧合指数升高,血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6和IL-8的浓度降低(P＜0.05),各时点PaCO2比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前雾化吸入布地奈德可抑制开胸手术患者单肺通气时的炎性反应,有助于改善肺功能.     

选择性肺叶通气对肺功能不全患者开胸术中肺内分流及炎性反应的影响

目的 评价选择性肺叶通气对肺功能不全患者开胸术中肺内分流和炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术患者34例,年龄64～79岁,体重50～85 kg,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,合并中重度肺功能不全,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=17):单肺通气组(A组)和选择性肺叶通气组(B组).A组患者使用支气管堵塞器堵塞主支气管实施单肺通气;B组患者使用支气管堵塞器堵塞肺叶支气管,实施选择性肺叶通气.于麻醉诱导前(To)、侧卧位双肺通气30 min (T1)、单肺通气或选择性肺叶通气60 min(T2)和术毕(T3)时,记录气道平台压(Pplat)和气道峰压(Ppeak);采集桡动脉、中心静脉血样,进行血气分析,计算肺内分流率(Qs/Qt),采用ELISA法测定血浆TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的浓度.结果 A组3例患者(18％)发生低氧血症,B组均未发生低氧血症,A组低氧血症发生率高于B组(P＜0.05).与A组比较,B组T1 -3时Pplat、Ppeak降低,T2时Qs/Qt降低,T2.3时TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8浓度降低(P＜0.05).结论 中重度肺功能不全患者开胸术中,实施选择性肺叶通气可降低肺内分流,减轻炎性反应,有助于减轻机械通气性肺损伤.     

瑞芬太尼对失血性休克兔急性肺损伤时脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼对失血性休克兔急性肺损伤时脂质过氧化反应的影响.方法 健康成年兔32只,随机分为4组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)、低剂量瑞芬太尼组(LR组)和高剂量瑞芬太尼组(HR组).ALI组、LR组和HR组经10 min股动脉放血至35～45 mm Hg制备急性肺损伤模型,LR组、HR组分别于放血前15 min静脉输注瑞芬太尼0.66、1.32μg·kg-1·min-1至处死动物.ALI组给予等容量生理盐水.于放血即刻(T1)、放血开始后20(T2)、70(T3)和100 min(T4)时经左侧股动脉采集血样,行血气分析,随后处死,取肺组织,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果,计算肺湿干重比(W/D),测定MDA含量和SOD活性.结果 与S组比较,ALI组W/D、MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LR组T2时pH值、T2～4时PaO2升高,HR组T2-4时pH值和PaCO2升高,LR组和HR组W/D、MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高(P＜0.05);与LR组比较,HR组W/D、MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高(P＜0.05).LR组和HR组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组减轻,HR组较LR组减轻.结论 瑞芬太尼可通过抑制脂质过氧化反应减轻失血性休克兔急性肺损伤.     

依达拉奉预先给药对单肺通气患者肺损伤的影响

目的 探讨依达拉奉预先给药对单肺通气患者肺损伤的影响.方法 择期行食管下段癌切除术患者40例,男性,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄48～64岁,体重指数18～26 kg/m2,随机分为2组(n=20):对照组(C组)和依达拉奉组(E组).E组于切皮时开始静脉输注依达拉奉0.5 mg/kg(溶于100 ml生理盐水),经30 min输注完毕.术中记录PETCO2和气道压峰值(Ppeak).于开胸前和术毕时取肘静脉血样,检测血清肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)、MDA、SOD和TNF-α的水平.结果 两组术中PETCO2、Ppeak比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组单肺通气后血清SOD活性降低,MDA、TNF-α、SP-A水平升高(P＜0.05);与C组比较,E组血清SOD活性升高,MDA、TNF-α、SP-A水平降低(P＜0.05).结论 依达拉奉预先给药可抑制氧化应激反应和炎性反应,减轻单肺通气患者的肺损伤.     

氨溴索对单肺通气患者围术期炎性反应的抑制作用

目的 评价小剂量氨溴索对单肺通气(OLV)患者炎性反应的影响.方法 剖胸手术OLV患者30例,随机均分为两组:A组于OLV前25 min静脉输注氨溴索1 mg/kg(生理盐水稀释至100 ml,5 ml/min),B组静脉输注等容量生理盐水作为对照.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、OLV前即刻(T1)、OLV 30min(T2)、1 h(T3)、2 h(T4)、恢复双肺通气(TLV)1 h(T5)、2 h(T6)和术后24 h(T7)采集桡动脉血样,测定血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8的浓度,并行WBC和中性粒细胞(PMN)计数.结果 与B组比较,A组的IL-6在T5～T7时、IL-8在T3～T7时、TNF-α在T4～T7时、WBC计数在T4～T7时、PMN计数在T5～T7时均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 氨溴索1 mg/kg可减轻OLV患者炎性反应.     

参附注射液对肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力和氧合功能的影响

目的 评价参附注射液对肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力和氧合功能的影响.方法 择期胸段硬膜外阻滞复合全麻下行肺叶切除术患者60例,性别不限,年龄50 ～ 80岁,体重指数20 ～ 29 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=30):生理盐水对照组(C组)和参附注射液组(S组).麻醉诱导前,S组静脉输注参附注射液4.5 ml·kg-1 ·h-1 20 min;C组静脉输注等容量生理盐水.分别于单肺通气前、单肺通气30、60min及术毕时记录气道峰压,并采集动脉血样,测定PaO2,计算氧合指数.结果 与C组比较,S组单肺通气30、60 min时气道峰压降低,氧合指数升高(P＜0.05).结论 参附注射液可降低肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间气道阻力,提高氧合功能,提示其具有肺保护作用.     

依达拉奉对单肺通气患者肺组织氧化应激反应的影响

目的 评价依达拉奉对单肺通气患者肺组织氧化应激反应的影响.方法 择期拟行食管癌根治术患者30例,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40～64岁,体重50～85 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组(n=15).依达拉奉组(E组)气管插管后即刻,以60.0 mg/h速率静脉输注依达拉奉30min,随后以7.5 mg/h速率输注至术毕.对照组(C组)给予等容量生理盐水.分别于切皮前即刻、单肺通气30 min、双肺通气30 min时采集动脉血样和静脉血样,进行动脉血气分析,计算氧合指数、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差以及呼吸指数,并测定静脉血血清丙二醛(MDA)和8-异前列腺素F2a的浓度.结果 与C组比较,E组双肺通气30 min时肺泡-动脉血氧分压差、呼吸指数、血清MDA和8-异前列腺素F2a浓度降低(P＜0.05),氧合指数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 依达拉奉减轻单肺通气患者肺损伤的机制与抑制肺组织氧化应激反应有关.