压电作动器对热变形层合板形状修复研究

基于一阶剪切效应Mindlin板理论,建立了在热载下含分布式压电作动器的复合材料层合板有限元分析模型和控制方程,分别研究了该板在内外表面存在温差的情况下的热变形,以及使用压电作动器对热变形区域进行形状修复的问题;在分析中考虑了压电作动器与复合材料层合板间含有胶接层的影响。由典型算例结果讨论,得到如下结论:1)使用压电作动器可以有效地对复合材料层合板的表面热变形形状进行修复;2)压电作动器的分布位置对修复效果影响很大;3)在电压达到一定数值后,继续增加电压值对修复效果贡献很小。     

《压电堆作动器微振动控制平台控制效果评估与控制力效率分析》

微振动控制平台可安装在楼层上来消减源自地面的振动,在振动控制实验中,地面的激励无法复现,使用实验中测得的地面激励,计算隔振平台与楼层固连情况下的响应,用计算和实测平台响应的速度谱评价振动控制效果;根据实测的结构响应和压电堆作动器的力平衡方程计算作动器的实际输出力,与实测数据的对比表明,所用方法可较好地模拟作动器输出力;对比作动器输出的有效控制力和产生的电场力,讨论作动器控制力的效率。     

基于光控压电混合驱动悬臂梁独立模态控制

本文提出利用镧改性锆钛酸铅（PLZT）的光电效应,将PLZT作为电动势源来驱动压电作动器,从而实现光控板壳结构的振动控制。基于光控压电等效电学模型建立了光控压电混合驱动的数学模型,并进行了实验验证。为了实现光控悬臂梁的独立模态控制,针对悬臂梁结构,设计了正交模态传感器/作动器表面电极形状函数。提出PLZT与压电作动器正/反接控制的激励策略,并结合速度反馈定光强控制的控制算法,利用Newmark-β法对不同光照强度下悬臂梁的动态响应进行了数值仿真分析。分析结果证明了本文所设计的模态传感器/作动器及针对光控压电混合驱动提出的控制策略的正确性。     

自适应天线结构位移最优控制

为保证大型天线结构的形状精度,传统的方法是使结构具有足够的刚度。当采用自适应结构控制天线形变规律的时候,可以大大降低结构的重量并使结构具有更高的形状精度。针对嵌入压电作动器的自适应抛物面天线结构,建立了以天线反射面最佳吻合抛物面的精度和作动器能耗为综合目标的多目标优化控制模型,模型以结构强度和作动器性态作为约束条件,并用线性加权和法转化为单目标二次规划问题。算例表明,可以用较少的作动器,实现大型天线结构的高精度控制。     

新型智能隔振复合结构的动态特性研究

针对精密机械的微位移隔振问题,设计了一种以PVDF压电薄膜为作动器和传感器的新型智能隔振复合结构。根据压电方程推导出了层叠式PVDF压电薄膜作动器厚度变形量表达式,建立了该智能复合结构的隔振理论模型,采用LMS自适应控制算法,以Matlab和有限元混合建模分析方式对本智能隔振复合结构的动态特性进行研究。有限元模型的分析结果与Matlab计算数据一致,验证了本新型智能隔振复合结构对微位移隔振的有效性,其结论将为精密仪器、微纳米设备的微位移智能主动隔振奠定理论基础。     

弹性连杆机构声辐射的主动控制

应用压电作动器对弹性连杆机构声辐射进行主动控制。依据线性最优控制理论，对最优控制力的确定以及控制器设计进行了深入分析，发展了一种融合了状态反馈和干扰前馈的控制器设计方法，对压电材料作动器的应用进行了描述。通过算例说明了该方法的有效性。     

压电层合板高阶计算模型

压电复合(层合)结构可应用于结构振动控制、形状保持、健康监测等,建立压电层合结构精确的机电耦合计算模型成为了研究的焦点.针对表面粘贴或内部嵌入压电片的压电层合板结构,基于高阶位移场和高阶电势模型,根据Hamilton原理建立了机电耦合高阶有限元模型.该模型适用于薄板和中厚板,并且能够捕捉压电层内沿厚度方向呈抛物线型分布的诱导电势.以压电双晶片简支板为例,进行了作动器构型和开环、闭环状态传感器构型的数值分析.结果指出,诱导电势对压电传感器有重要影响,而压电作动器可忽略这种电势.     

结构振动的直驱式AMD控制系统建模及数值分析

针对传统伺服阀控液压作动主动质量驱动控制系统(Active Mass Driver,AMD)存在的能源效率低等问题提出基于无阀作动器的直驱式DAMD(Direct driving Active Mass Driver)控制系统.首先分析了直驱式容积控制作动器的组成和控制原理及其用于AMD控制系统的策略;其次基于电机学、流体动力学原理推导建立了DAMD控制系统的转速一驱动力关系模型,给出了以泵的转速(伺服电机的驱动电压)为输入量、系统主动控制力为输出量的系统转速一力关系模型,建立了受控结构-DAMD控制系统的状态方程.最后以顶部设置DAMD控制系统的两层剪切型框架结构为例,进行地震荷载输入下DAMD主动控制的数值分析,计算结果表明直驱式容积控制作动器能够满足各种结构地震响应主动控制典型工况的出力需求,能够有效地减轻结构的反应,在一定范围内可以代替传统的AMD控制系统,实现结构振动的主动控制.     

拉索-磁致伸缩作动器系统PID控制仿真分析

拉索的大幅振动给斜拉桥安全运营带来威胁,利用磁致伸缩作动器施加轴向控制力抑制拉索横向振动是一种可行的方法。首先建立磁致伸缩作动器动力学模型,得到了该作动器力-位移传递函数,然后提出拉索-磁致伸缩作动器系统PID控制算法,根据拉索振动幅度大小通过调节PID控制参数,来施加轴向控制力,达到对拉索的控制效果。最后针对自由振动、简谐激励、随机激励三种情况用PID控制算法对拉索-磁致伸缩作动器系统进行了拉索控制效果仿真分析。研究表明,PID控制算法对拉索振动具有很好的控制效果。     

齿轮啮合振动的主动控制方法与实验研究

为了有效抑制齿轮传动系统由于啮合误差引起的周期振动噪声,提出一种基于压电堆作动器并结合自适应算法的齿轮传动振动主动控制方案。首先根据控制齿轮轴横向振动的思想构建齿轮箱主动结构,应用C-MEX S函数编写FxLMS自适应控制算法模块;基于级联自适应陷波器的技术提取齿轮啮合振动信号进而合成参考信号;利用自适应NLMS滤波器对包含压电堆作动器的次级通道进行离线辨识实验,在得到次级通道传递函数的同时有效避免了次级通道辨识和控制器之间的相互干扰。最后将算法代码下载到dSPACE中作为控制器,与内置压电堆作动器的齿轮箱组成硬件在环系统进行实验验证。结果表明:由FxLMS算法控制的压电堆作动器对齿轮的啮合振动控制效果明显,在不同转速、不同负载情况下啮合振动有15~26dB的衰减。     

State space finite element analysis for piezoelectric laminated curved beam with variable curvature

ABSTRACT

A six-variable state vector formulation for static deformation of the laminated curved beam bonded with piezoelectric actuators is deduced. The 2D numerical solution for the piezoelectric laminated curved beams (PLCB) is explored. Then the distributions of the electrical and mechanical fields along the beam thickness direction are investigated analytically. The static shape control is researched for a laminated half circular beam covered with piezoelectric actuators. Comparisons with the available results show the reliability of the proposed method. At the end a spiral laminated piezoelectric structure is analyzed and the parameter study is carried out using the presented method.     

Thermal buckling and postbuckling analysis of a laminated composite beam with embedded SMA actuators

In this paper, the thermal buckling and postbuckling behaviours of a composite beam with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are investigated analytically. For the purpose of enhancing the critical buckling temperature and reducing the lateral deflection for the thermal buckling, the characteristics of thermal buckling are investigated through the use of the shape recovery force associated with SMA wire actuators. The results of both thermal buckling and postbuckling behaviours present quantitatively how the shape recovery force affects the thermal buckling behaviour. The analytical results show that the shape recovery force reduces the thermal expansion of the composite laminated beam, which results in both an increment of the critical buckling temperature and also a reduction of the lateral deflection of postbuckling behaviours. A new formula is also proposed to describe the critical buckling temperature of the laminated composite beam with embedded SMA wire actuators.     

Optimal design in vibration control of adaptive structures using a simulated annealing algorithm

Advanced reinforced composite structures incorporating piezoelectric sensors and actuators are increasingly becoming important due to the development of smart structures. These structures offer potential benefits in a wide range of engineering applications such as vibration and noise suppression, shape control and precision positioning. This paper presents a finite element formulation based on the classical laminated plate theory for laminated structures with integrated piezoelectric layers or patches, acting as sensors and actuators. The finite element model is a single layer triangular nonconforming plate/shell element with 18 degrees of freedom for the generalized displacements, and one additional electrical potential degree of freedom for each surface bonded piezoelectric element layer or patch. The control is initialized through a previous optimization of the core of the laminated structure, in order to minimize the vibration amplitude and maximize the first natural frequency. Also the optimization of the patches position is performed to maximize the piezoelectric actuators efficiency. The simulated annealing algorithm is used for these purposes. To achieve a mechanism of active control of the structure dynamic response, a feedback control algorithm is used, coupling the sensor and active piezoelectric layers or patches, and to calculate the dynamic response of the laminated structures the Newmark method is considered. The model is applied in the optimization of an illustrative adaptive laminated plate case. The influence of the position and number of piezoelectric patches, as well as the control gain, are investigated and the results are presented and discussed.     

Shape control and damage identification of beams using piezoelectric actuation and genetic optimization

This paper deals with the shape control of beams under general loading conditions, using piezoelectric patch actuators that are surface bonded onto beams to provide the control forces. The mathematical formulation of the model is based on the shear deformation beam theory (Timoshenko theory) and the linear theory of piezoelectricity. The numerical solution of the model is based on the development of superconvergent (locking-free) finite elements using the form of the exact solution of the Timoshenko beam theory and Hamilton’s principle. The optimal values for the locations of the piezo-actuators are determined and optimal voltages for shape control are obtained for cantilever beams by using a genetic optimization procedure. Finally, a simplified related damage identification problem is formulated and solved using static data and genetic optimization.     

Optimal shape control of functionally graded smart plates using genetic algorithms

This paper deals with optimal shape control of functionally graded smart plate containing patches of piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The genetic algorithm (GA) is designed to search for optimal actuator voltage and displacement control gains for the shape control of the functionally graded material (FGM) plates. The work extends the earlier finite element formulations of the two leading authors, so that it can be readily treated using genetic algorithms. Numerical results have been obtained to study the effect of the shape control of the FGM plates under a temperature gradient by optimising (i) the voltage distribution for the open loop control, and (ii) the displacement control gain values for the closed loop feedback control. The effect of the constituent volume fractions of zirconia, through varying the volume fraction exponent n, on the optimal voltages and gain values has also been examined.     

压电复合梁热机电耦合有限元模型

压电材料应用于航天结构形状或振动控制时,可能会受到热场、力场和电场的共同作用。为分析处于热场、力场和电场共同作用下的压电复合结构,文中基于高阶剪切变形理论、高阶电势模型和线性温度分布假设,利用虚功原理建立了压电复合梁结构的热-机-电耦合有限元模型。该模型可应用于热机电耦合压电复合结构的形状与振动控制研究。利用本文模型对压电双晶片梁、压电复合悬臂梁进行了数值仿真,仿真结果与文献给出的理论结果和实验值吻合良好,表明本文模型是正确有效的。     

Postbuckling of pressure-loaded FGM hybrid cylindrical shells in thermal environments

A postbuckling analysis is presented for a functionally graded cylindrical shell with piezoelectric actuators subjected to lateral or hydrostatic pressure combined with electric loads in thermal environments. Heat conduction and temperature-dependent material properties are both taken into account. The temperature field considered is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the shell surface and varied in the thickness direction and the electric field considered only has non-zero-valued component E_Z. The material properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents, and the material properties of both FGM and piezoelectric layers are assumed to be temperature-dependent. The governing equations are based on a higher order shear deformation theory with a von Kármán–Donnell-type of kinematic nonlinearity. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling is extended to the case of FGM hybrid laminated cylindrical shells of finite length. A singular perturbation technique is employed to determine the buckling pressure and postbuckling equilibrium paths. The numerical illustrations concern the postbuckling behavior of pressure-loaded, perfect and imperfect, FGM cylindrical shells with fully covered piezoelectric actuators under different sets of thermal and electric loading conditions. The results reveal that temperature dependency, temperature change and volume fraction distribution have a significant effect on the buckling pressure and postbuckling behavior of FGM hybrid cylindrical shells. In contrast, the control voltage only has a very small effect on the buckling pressure and postbuckling behavior of FGM hybrid cylindrical shells.     

Optimal design of piezolaminated structures

This paper presents refined finite element models based on higher-order displacement fields to study the mechanical and electrical behavior of laminated composite plate structures with embedded and/or surface bonded piezoelectric actuators and sensors. Sensitivity analysis and optimization techniques are also applied in order to maximize the piezoelectric actuator efficiency, improve the structural performance and/or minimize the weight of the structure. The application of structural optimization to the static shape control of adaptive structures is also addressed. To show the performance of the proposed models, several illustrative and simple examples are presented.     

A Viscoelastic Sandwich Finite Element Model for the Analysis of Passive,Active and Hybrid Structures

In this paper we present a finite element model for the analysis of active sandwich laminated plates with a viscoelastic core and laminated anisotropic face layers, as well as piezoelectric sensor and actuator layers. The model is formulated using a mixed layerwise approach, by considering a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the viscoelastic core and a first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the displacement field of the adjacent laminated anisotropic face layers and exterior piezoelectric layers. The dynamic problem is solved in the frequency domain with viscoelastic frequency dependent material properties for the core. Control laws are also implemented for the piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The model behaviour in dynamics is assessed with the few solutions found in the literature, including experimental data, and a laminated composite active sandwich application is proposed. In this numerical application, velocity feedback control law is implemented for active control, using co-located piezoelectric patch sensors and actuators.     

压电梁振动的多输入多输出主动控制

对表面上贴有多个用作驱动器和传感器的压电陶瓷片的“压电梁”结构，导出了从驱动器到传感器的频响函数公式，作为压电结构设计和振动控制的数学模型。提出了压电梁对缓变周期扰动振动环境的多输入多输出振动抑制方法。