氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠肺一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的:探讨氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠肺一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响.方法:40只Brown Norway大鼠随机分为对照组(C组)、哮喘模型组(A组)、氯胺酮1组(K1组)、氯胺酮2组(K2组)、氯胺酮3组(K3组),每组8只.A组用卵蛋白辅以百日咳杆菌菌苗及氢氧化铝为佐剂注射致敏,2周后雾化吸入卵蛋白激发.K1、K2、K3组大鼠以同样方法致敏,在激发前分别雾化吸入12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/ml的氯胺酮.C组注射和雾化吸入PBS.取肺组织提取RNA,以RT-PCR法分析NOS mRNA的表达,并作肺组织病理学检查.结果:A组肺组织切片显示为急性气道炎症性改变,与A组相比,K1、K2、K3组炎症状态明显减轻.iNOS mRNA的表达与C组比较,A组明显增强,并有显著性差异(P＜0.01),与A组比较,K1、K2、K3组iNOS mRNA表达明显减弱,有显著性差异(K1组P＜0.05,K2组、K3组P＜0.01).K1、K2、K3组间无明显差异.eNOS mRNA各组表达无显著性差异,nNOS在各组呈微弱表达.结论:氯胺酮雾化吸入可抑制卵蛋白所致的大鼠肺iNOS mRNA高表达,并改善肺部炎症,对肺损伤有保护作用.雾化吸入氯胺酮12.5 mg/ml已达到治疗效果.     

氯胺酮雾化吸入对大鼠哮喘模型气道炎症的影响

目的：通过建立大鼠支气管哮喘模型，观察不同浓度氯胺酮对大鼠支气管哮喘气道炎症的影响。方法：SD大鼠随机分成对照组(N组)、哮喘模型组(A组)、不同浓度氯胺酮预处理组(分别为K1组、K2组和K3组)，每组8只。A组大鼠用卵蛋白(OA)辅以百日咳杆菌菌苗和氢氧化铝为佐剂注射致敏，2周后雾化吸入卵蛋白激发哮喘；氯胺酮处理组大鼠用同样方法致敏，但在激发前分别给予雾化吸入12．5g／L(K1组)、25．0g／L(K2组)和50．0g／L(K3组)氯胺酮；N组用生理盐水替代卵蛋白进行注射和吸入。结果：A组支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞总数显著增多，与A组相比，K1组无差异，而K2、10组BALF中细胞总数明显减低，差异有统计学意义。结论：25g／L或50g／L的氯胺酮雾化吸入对致敏原所激发的哮喘模型鼠的气道炎症及组织损伤有保护作用。     

氯胺酮雾化吸入对于哮喘大鼠肺泡灌洗液及血清白细胞介素-13浓度的影响

目的:观察氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠肺泡灌洗液及血清白细胞介素-13(IL-13)的影响。方法:雄性无特殊病原体(SPF级)SD大鼠40只,随机分成对照组(C组)、哮喘模型组(A组)、0.1g/L地塞米松组(D组)及25g/L、50g/L的氯胺酮预处理组(K1和K2组)。A组用鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)吸附氢氧化铝佐剂辅以灭活的百日咳杆菌菌苗注射致敏2次,第2次致敏1周后雾化吸入OVA激发,D组,K1组和K2组用同样的方法致敏,只是在每次激发前给于地塞米松或氯胺酮预处理。C组分别在相同时间注射和吸入生理盐水。所有的大鼠在最后1次激发后24h检测血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-13浓度(ELISA法)。结果:无论在血清或BALF中A组的IL-13浓度均显著高于C组(P<0.05);D组,K1组和K2组的两种IL-13的浓度均显著低于A组(P<0.01或P<0.05),各组分别与C组相应的值比较均没有统计学差异(P>0.05);3组相对应值之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种浓度的氯胺酮雾化吸入均可以降低哮喘大鼠血清及肺泡灌洗液中IL-13的浓度,提示临床应用中不必追求较大剂量。     

氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘大鼠气道高反应性的影响

目的:观察氯胺酮雾化吸入对哮喘模型大鼠气道高反应性的影响.方法:40只Brown Norway大鼠随机分成对照组(C组)、哮喘模型组(A组)、氯胺酮1组(K1组)、氯胺酮2组(K2组)、氯胺酮3组(K3组),应用动物体描箱法测定大鼠的气道反应性,采用RT-PCR反应测定核因子-κB(NF-κB)的基因表达,采用免疫组化的方法观察NF-κB在支气管上皮的表达.结果:在乙酰胆碱(ACH)浓度为50、100、200 μg/kg时,K1、K2、K3组呼气阻力(Re)的增长率明显小于A组(P＜0.01);在ACH浓度为50、100、200 μg/kg时,K1、K2、K3组肺动态顺应性(Cldyn)的下降率明显小于A组(P＜0.01).大鼠肺NF-κB p65 mRNA的表达水平和支气管上皮NF-κB阳性细胞率A组显著高于C组(P＜0.05),治疗组K1、K2、K3明显低于A组(P＜0.05).结论:氯胺酮雾化吸入治疗可明显减轻哮喘模型大鼠气道高反应性.     

高浓度臭氧暴露法建立大鼠哮喘模型

目的评价用卵蛋白(OVA)叠加高浓度臭氧(O3)暴露方法建立大鼠严重支气管哮喘模型的方法。方法随机数表法将30只SD大鼠分为正常组、卵蛋白激发组(OVA组)及卵蛋白叠加臭氧暴露组(OVA/O3)。采用OVA腹腔注射致敏,结合OVA持续雾化吸入和臭氧暴露方法,建立重度哮喘模型。观察大鼠哮喘发作期间症状,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠肺组织形态变化及炎症细胞浸润情况。采用免疫组化方法检测NF-κB p65亚基表达变化。结果以OVA激发期间OVA/O3大鼠出现最严重哮喘症状;HE染色结果显示OVA组及OVA/O3组有明显嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,并伴有支气管上皮细胞脱落,OVA/O3现象最为明显。p65在肺组织中的表达以平均光密度(IOD mean)计分别为:正常组(0.0146±0.0013),OVA组(0.2502±0.0009),OVA/O3(0.4240±0.0011),两模型组显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),OVA/O3组亦显著高于OVA组(P0.01)。结论用臭氧暴露结合OVA致敏方法成功建立重度哮喘大鼠模型。     

电针通过激活腺苷A2A受体抑制p38MAPK通路减轻胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的关节骨侵蚀

目的 基于p38 MAPK信号通路,探究电针刺激足三里、三阴交激活腺苷A2A受体(A2AR)减轻胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠关节炎症及骨侵蚀的作用机制.方法 将32只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、药物组和电针组,每组8只.模型组、药物组和电针组大鼠均通过胎牛Ⅱ型胶原与弗氏佐剂混合液2次注射免疫复制CIA大鼠模型,药物组于造模成功后每隔7 d腹腔注射甲氨蝶呤2 mg/kg、连续14 d,电针组于造模成功后予大鼠双侧足三里、三阴交每天电针(2/100 Hz疏密波,输出电流2 mA)刺激20 min、连续14 d.通过CT观察大鼠后足骨质破坏情况,H-E、番红O-固绿及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色分别观察膝关节滑膜、软骨及破骨细胞病理组织学变化,蛋白质印迹法测定膝关节滑膜组织中A2AR、p38、磷酸化p38(P-p38)、NF-κB、T细胞核因子c1(NFATc1)蛋白表达,ELISA法测定外周血清IL-1β含量.结果 与对照组相比,模型组大鼠后足骨密度下降,空间结构紊乱;膝关节软骨明显受损,滑膜组织过度增生;TRAP阳性的破骨细胞数目增加(P<0.01);膝关节滑膜组织中A2AR、p38、P-p38、NF-κB、NFATc1表达均上调(P均<0.01);外周血清中IL-1β含量升高(P<0.01).与模型组比较,电针组和药物组大鼠后足整体结构、膝关节滑膜及软骨破坏明显改善;TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目减少(P<0.01);A2AR表达上调(P<0.01),p38、P-p38、NF-κB、NFATc1表达下调(P均<0.01);外周血清中IL-1β含量降低(P<0.01).与药物组比较,电针组的TRAP阳性破骨细胞数目增加(P<0.05);A2AR蛋白表达下调(P<0.01),NF-κB、NFATc1蛋白表达上调(P均<0.05),p38表达变化不明显(P>0.05),但P-p38表达上调(P<0.05).结论 电针刺激足三里、三阴交可减轻CIA大鼠的关节骨侵蚀损害,其关节保护作用机制可能与电针激活A2AR后抑制p38 MAPK通路进而减少破骨细胞生成有关.     

p38MAPK在Aβ_(25-35)诱导AD大鼠海马CA1区表达的研究

目的 探讨p38MAPK在AD大鼠发病中的变化及其可能机制.方法 采用Aβ25-35单次侧脑室注射诱导AD大鼠模型,Y迷宫实验测定大鼠行为学变化,免疫组化法检测建模后4、7和14 d时痴呆组、生理盐水组、抑制剂组和抑制剂对照组大鼠海马CA1区磷酸化p38MAPK的表达.结果 Aβ注射7、14 d后,痴呆组的大鼠达到学习标准的训练次数(N)、错误次数(EN)和全天总反应时间(TRT)较生理盐水组均明显增加(P<0.05);抑制剂组N,EN,TRT均比痴呆组明显减低(P<0.05).免疫组化结果:痴呆组Aβ注射4 d起,海马CA1区磷酸化p38MAPK表达即增高(P<0.01),且随着观察时点的延长,这种表达进一步增高(P<0.01);抑制剂组p38MAPK的表达比痴呆组明显减低(P<0.01).结论 大鼠侧脑室注射Aβ 7d可成功诱导AD大鼠模型;p38MAPK的激活贯穿Aβ诱导AD大鼠模型的全过程;SB203580可抑制p38MAPK的表达,改善痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力.     

地塞米松对哮喘大鼠T-bet?GATA-3及气道炎症的作用机制

目的:观察地塞米松对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的作用以及对转录因子T-bet、GATA-3表达的影响。方法:36只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、哮喘模型组(B组)和地塞米松组(C组),每组12只。以卵蛋白(OVA)腹腔注射并雾化吸入制备大鼠哮喘模型,观察3组大鼠气道病理改变;采用ELISA法测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中IL-2、IL-4、IL-5和IFN-γ含量;采用RT-PCR和Westem blotting检测T-bet和GATA-3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果:①予OVA腹腔注射和雾化,哮喘大鼠模型制备成功:②地塞米松减少Th2型细胞因子(IL-4、IL-5)的表达(P<0.01),对Th1型细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)表达量无明显影响;③地塞米松抑制GATA-3表达(P<0.01),对T-bet表达无明显影响;④相关分析显示B组T-bet蛋白表达量与EOS、L、WA/Pi和ASM/Pi呈负相关(P<0.01);B组GATA-3蛋白表达量与EOS、L、WA/Pi和ASM/Pi呈正相关(P<0.01);B组大鼠T-bet蛋白表达量与GATA-3蛋白表达量呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论:支气管哮喘大鼠存在T-bet低表达,GATA-3高表达,并且与气道炎症关系密切:地塞米松抑制气道炎症,可抑制GATA-3表达,但对T-bet表达无明显影响。     

雌激素对大鼠急性哮喘模型呼吸力学影响的实验研究

目的观察雌激素对实验动物哮喘模型干预后的呼吸力学改变,探讨雌激素对急性哮喘的影响。方法雄性W ister大鼠24只,6~8周龄,体重120~160 g。随机分为哮喘模型组(A组)、雌激素干预组(B组)和正常对照组(C组),每组8只。A、B组分别于第1、8天腹腔注射致敏悬液10%卵白蛋白1 m l,第15天开始以1%卵蛋白超声雾化激发,30 m in.d-1,共7 d,建立急性哮喘模型。C组操作同前,但以生理盐水代替卵蛋白。从第15天开始,A组每次激发前1 h腹腔注射生理盐水1 m l,共7 d;B组每次激发前1 h予腹腔注射17-β雌二醇30μg.kg-1(1 m l),共7 d;C组每次生理盐水雾化之前1 h予生理盐水1 m l腹腔注射。各组于第21天麻醉后行气管插管,进行肺功能测定。测定肺潮气量(Vt)、呼吸频率(F),并计算肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)和肺阻力(RL),所得结果进行统计学分析。结果3组大鼠肺功能检测结果显示,A组和C组比较,大鼠的Vt、F、RL、Cdyn均有显著性差异(P<0.01);A组和B组比较,Cdyn无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余指标有显著性差异(P<0.01);B组和C组比较Cdyn有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论雌激素能明显降低大鼠哮喘模型的气道阻力,改善其肺动态顺应性。     

β_2受体下调哮喘模型的构建研究

目的构建β2受体(β2R)下调哮喘动物模型,以研究β2R下调及其激素保护作用的机制。方法32只BALB/c小鼠随机分成对照组、哮喘组、β2R下调组和地塞米松组,每组8只。哮喘组、β2R下调组和地塞米松组分别于实验的第0、14和21d腹腔注射卵白蛋白(OVA)和氢氧化铝的混悬液200μL,第28d开始连续1周(30min/d)雾化吸入1%OVA(W/V)溶液;β2R下调组和地塞米松组在最后1周每天雾化吸入OVA之前腹腔注射60μg沙丁胺醇及雾化吸入0.01%沙丁胺醇30min;地塞米松组同时予以腹腔注射地塞米松5mg·kg-1.d-1,连续7d。对照组腹腔注射等量的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),以PBS雾化吸入。用体积描记箱测定各组小鼠气道阻力。测定BALF中白细胞总数和分类计数。ELISA法检测BALF中IL-4、IFN-γ以及血清总IgE浓度。提取小鼠肺组织总蛋白,免疫印迹实验测定β2R总量,放射配基结合实验测定β2膜受体数量。结果哮喘组、β2R下调组与对照组、地塞米松组比较,高剂量乙酰胆碱激发下的气道阻力明显增高(P0.01),BALF中嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞明显增多(P0.01),BALF中IL-4和血清总IgE水平显著增高(P0.01),BALF中IFN-γ水平显著降低(P0.01)。β2R下调组肺组织β2R总量和β2膜受体数量均显著低于其余三组(P0.01),对照组、哮喘组、地塞米松组之间无显著差异。结论在传统的OVA致敏激发哮喘动物模型基础上,采用腹腔注射结合雾化吸入沙丁胺醇的方法成功构建了β2R下调的哮喘动物模型。地塞米松对β2R下调具有保护作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.