儿童上消化道疾病与幽门螺杆菌感染及饮食行为的关系

目的探讨有消化道症状儿童幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染及饮食行为的关系，以减少儿童上消化道疾病的发生。方法整群抽取3～12岁儿童320名，由儿科医生进行胃肠疾病病史调查，用ELISA法检测血清抗HpU—IgG，同时进行饮食习惯的调查。结果血清抗HpU-IgG总阳性率为47．5％，6～12岁年龄组儿童抗HpU-IgG阳性率明显高于3～5岁年龄组；有症状组抗HpU—IgG阳性率明显高于无症状组；胃肠道症状与不良饮食行为习惯相关。同时具有Hp感染和不良饮食习惯，只有其中之一以及以上2个因素均无时发生胃肠道症状的OR值分别为3．05，1．67，1．61，1．00。结论儿童胃肠道症状与Hp感染和不良的饮食行为习惯均相关，2者同时存在时关系更为密切。     

无锡地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染现状调查

目的对儿童患者的Hp抗体结果进行回顾性分析,调查无锡地区儿童Hp的感染现状。方法采用胶体金法检测儿童血清Hp抗体。结果共检测了575例儿童,Hp阳性73例,阳性率为12.7%,其中0～7岁儿童血清HP抗体的阳性率为8.6%,8～14岁儿童的感染率为19.4%,明显高于低年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),0～14岁儿童Hp总体感染率为13.4%,其中男性12.3%、女性15.0%,性别间差异无统计学意义。结论无锡地区儿童Hp感染率低于全国平均水平,但预防和及早治疗儿童感染Hp仍不容忽视。     

老年人心脑疾病与抗Hp抗体关系的研究

目的探讨幽门螺旋杆菌感染与老年人心脑疾病的关系。方法采用酶联免疫法检测82例老年人心脑疾病患者和42例健康人血清抗Hp抗体IgGI、gAI、gM的含量,并进行对照分析。结果心肌梗塞组与脑梗死组的抗Hp抗体IgGI、gAI、gM阳性率均分别达到80%、60%、20%以上,两组结果比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。对照组抗Hp抗体IgGI、gAI、gM阳性率分别为44.6%、25.5%、12.8%,明显低于心肌梗塞组和脑梗死组。结论Hp感染可能与老年人心脑疾病的发病有关。     

无锡地区散居儿童粪便幽门螺杆菌抗原的流行病学研究

目的　了解无锡地区儿童人群中幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染情况 ,探讨影响Hp感染的因素。 方法　采用酶联免疫方法检测 112 6例 0～ 12岁儿童粪便中的幽门螺杆菌抗原 (HpSA)。结果　该地区儿童HpSA平均阳性率为 19.0 9% ,且有随年龄增长而递增趋势。其中男性为 19.6 2 % ,女性为 18.5 2 % ,二者差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。有症状组HpSA阳性率为 2 6 .94 % ,高于无症状组 10 .6 0 % (P <0 .0 1)。城区儿童HpSA阳性率为 12 .4 7% ,城郊结合部儿童为 19.30 % ,郊区、农村儿童为 2 4 .94 %。十二指肠球部溃疡小儿的HpSA阳性率为90 .77%。结论　该地区儿童人群中Hp感染率较高 ,是引起儿童胃十二指肠疾病的主要原因。     

居住条件、父母文化程度对儿童Hp感染的影响

【目的】　研究居住条件、父母文化程度对儿童幽门螺杆菌 (helicobacterpylori,Hp)感染的影响。 　【方法】　应用血清学及13 C 尿素呼吸试验 ( 13 C ureabreathtest,13 C UBT)测定无症状儿童及反复腹痛儿童的Hp感染状况 ,并采集结构式家庭情况调查表。　【结果】　① 5 3 3例儿童13 　C UBT和Hp IgG的Hp总阳性率分别为 2 2 .7%和47.5 % ,其中无症状儿童组及反复腹痛儿童组13 C UBT和Hp IgG阳性率分别为 11.4%、3 9.4%和 2 9.1%、5 2 .1% ,腹痛儿童组比无症状儿童组的Hp阳性率高 (P值均 <0 .0 1)。②居住面积 <3 0、～ 60、～ 10 0、>10 0m2 的无症状儿童及反复腹痛儿童13 C UBT的Hp阳性率分别为 13 .0 %、12 .2 %、11.2 %、9.4%和 3 0 .8%、2 9.6%、2 9.3 %和 2 7.8% ,Hp IgG的阳性率分别为 43 .5 %、40 .8%、3 8.2 %、3 7.5 %和 61.5 %、5 3 .7%、5 1.9%、46.3 %。③父母文化程度为中小学、中到大学、大学以上水平无症状儿童及反复腹痛儿童13 C UBT阳性率分别为 12 .8%、11.5 %、9.5 %和 3 0 .8%、2 9.4%、2 5 .6% ,Hp IgG的阳性率分别为 42 .6%、3 9.4%、3 5 .7%和 5 7.7%、47.1%、44 .4% ,Hp阳性率有随居住面积、父母文化程度增加而减少的趋势。　【结论】　居住条件、父母文化程度与儿童Hp感染成反     

637名官兵幽门螺杆菌感染情况调查分析

目的了解海峡西岸沿海地区某部官兵幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况,为防治慢性胃炎和胃癌提供基础资料。方法随机抽查海防部队与特种部队官兵共637人,调查其年龄、职别、部别、疾病史及生活饮食习惯,并采用金标法检测受检者血清Hp抗体。结果 Hp抗体总的阳性率为29.0%,其中干部阳性率为39.9%,明显高于战士阳性率(25.3%),差异有显著性(P0.05)。海防部队官兵Hp抗体阳性率26.2%,其中干部阳性率40.7%,战士阳性率20.5%,差异有显著性(P0.05);≤20、21~30、≥31岁组Hp抗体阳性率分别为20.7%、22.2%、57.1%,后组的阳性率明显高于前2组,差异有显著性(P0.05)。特种部队官兵Hp抗体阳性率32.1%,低于往年沿海特种部队(55.7%),其中干部和高年龄组Hp抗体阳性率也分别有高于战士和低年龄组的趋势。特种部队与海防部队官兵Hp抗体阳性率比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。近几年来部队注意饮食卫生并基本采用分餐制。结论该驻地官兵Hp抗体阳性率低于往年沿海特种部队的阳性率。Hp感染与职务、年龄及饮食卫生有一定关系。     

儿童血清幽门螺杆菌抗体与消化道疾病关系的探索

目的 :探讨血清幽门螺杆菌 (简称 HP)抗体 Ig G和消化道疾病的关系。方法 :采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(EL ISA )检测血清幽门螺杆菌抗体 Ig G。结果 :有消毒道症状儿童血清 HP- Ig G阳性率 45 .5 9%明显高于无症状者儿童 HP-Ig G阳性率 14.2 9%。结论 :(1) HP感染和儿童消化道疾病密切相关 ,其中腹痛及上消化道出血 HP- Ig G阳性率明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) HP- Ig G检测可作为消化道疾病中有无 HP感染的初筛手段。     

2006年盐城市盐都区部分2～10岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查

[目的]了解2～10岁儿童乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况、感染原因及将乙肝疫苗纳入计划免疫管理后的效果.[方法]2006年4～6月,对盐城市盐都区4个乡镇1 646名2～10岁儿童进行HBV感染情况血清学调查,并对乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性儿童检测与其父母的DNA同源性.[结果]调查1 646名儿童,HBsAg阳性率为0.67%,乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率为72.66%.乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)阳性率为2.19%.抗一HBs阳性率·2～10岁为69.68%～75.41%(P>O.05).11名HBsAg阳性儿童中.8名接种过乙肝疫苗,DNA序列同源性分析,7名感染来自母亲,1名感染来自父亲.[结论]盐都区2～1O岁儿童HBV感染率较低,保护性抗体各年龄段均无下降趋势;HBsAg阳性儿童的感染多来源于垂直感染.     

某高校体检人群血清幽门螺杆菌抗体检出结果分析

目的了解教工体检人群血清幽门螺杆菌(Hp)抗体阳性率,对存在幽门螺杆菌感染相关疾病的人群,采取一定的干预措施,观察幽门螺杆菌抗体阳性率的变化。方法连续3年采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELIs A)检测幽门螺杆菌抗体。结果第1年Hp抗体阳性率较高,为29.01%,第2年为21.75%,第3年为18.34%,有年龄、性别差异;干预治疗措施的进行,有利于降低人群中幽门螺杆菌抗体阳性率。结论应该高度重视人群中血清Hp抗体阳性率,对可能存在幽门螺杆菌感染相关疾病患者进行一定的干预治疗,有利于降低普通人群幽门螺杆菌的感染。     

血管性痴呆伴幽门螺杆菌感染患者 Hp-IgG和Hcy及ET研究

目的探究幽门螺旋杆菌-免疫球蛋白G(Helicobacter pylori-immunoglobulin G,Hp-IgG)、同型半胱氨酸(Homocysteine,Hcy)和内皮素(Endothelin,ET)变化与血管性痴呆患者Hp感染的关系。方法选取2015年1月-2017年12月于浙江省中西医结合医院就诊的血管性痴呆患者318例为研究对象,其中39例合并Hp感染患者设为感染组、279例未感染者设为未感染组。观察研究对象简易精神状态量表(Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE)评分、Hp-IgG阳性率、Hcy和ET水平及感染组患者经呼吸~(14)C实验确诊Hp感染确诊时(T0)、抗感染治疗3～5 d(T1)、抗感染治疗14 d(T2)MMSE评分、Hp-IgG阳性率、Hcy和ET水平。结果感染组Hp-IgG阳性率为100.00%(39/39)高于未感染组65.59%(183/279)(P=0.040);感染组、未感染组Hp-IgG型抗体阳性率分别为100.00%、65.59%均高于同组Hp-IgG型抗体阴性率0.00%、34.41%(P<0.05)。T0时,感染组MMSE评分、Hcy和ET水平与未感染组比较,差异无统计学意义。T0～T2,感染组MMSE评分先下降、后升高,Hcy和ET水平先升高后下降,且T1时MMSE评分为(11.50±2.10)分低于未感染组,而Hcy和ET分别为(57.10±2.54)μmol/L和(4.52±1.15)EU/ml高于未感染组(P<0.05)。Hp-IgG型抗体阳性率、Hcy、ET、Hp感染阳性率呈正相关(P<0.05)。MMSE评分与Hp-IgG型抗体阳性率、Hcy、ET、Hp感染阳性率呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论 Hp-IgG型抗体阳性率、Hcy、ET水平变化与血管性痴呆患者Hp感染密切相关,且具有相互协同作用。掌握上述指标水平变化,利于全面掌握病情、降低血管性痴呆患者Hp感染率、阻断认知功能进一步下降,改善预后。     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Assessing occupational and environmental exposure

Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease.     

Mercury toxicity due to the smelting of placer gold recovered by mercury amalgam

A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited.     

How Adults with Acquired Brain Damage Perceive Computer Training as a Rehabilitation Tool: A Focus-group Study

The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life.