肝缺血再灌注损伤和ATP—MgCl2含氧晶体灌注液的保护作用——？…

取健康大耳白兔１６只，体重２．１￣２．４ｋｇ，随机分为２组，Ｉ组：肝门阻断后，通过门静脉向肝内持续灌注生理盐水；Ⅱ组灌注ＡＴＰ－ＭｇＣｌ２＋含氧生理盐水。阻断６０ｍｉｎ后恢复肝血流灌注１２０ｍｉｎ，于缺血前，缺血后６０ｍｉｎ及再灌注１２０ｍｉｎ分别切取肝组织行光镜及电镜检查。结果显示，光镜下及电镜下改变：Ⅱ组缺血６０ｍｉｎ及再灌注１２０ｍｉｎ细胞损伤程度均较Ｉ组同期明显减轻，认为ＡＴＲ－ＭｇＣｌ２     

Nrf2及其信号通路在肝缺血再灌注损伤中作用的研究进展

肝缺血再灌注损伤是临床上常见的一种肝脏损伤类型.核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)可以通过抑制氧化应激、抗炎、抑制细胞凋亡等多种作用来减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤.在肝缺血再灌注损伤中起作用的Nrf2相关信号通路主要有KEAP-Nrf2-ARE通路、DOR-PKC-Nrf2通路、Sirt1-Nrf2信号通路、PI3K-AK...     

川芎嗪对肝缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

采用大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤模型，观察了川芎嗪对肝缺血再灌注损伤的防护作用，结果提示川芎嗪可显著减少血清转氨酶，ＬＤＨ的溢出，减轻肝缺血再灌注后肝细胞病理性损伤，明量降低肝组织ＬＰＯ，ＴＸＢ２的升高，维持缺血及再灌注期ＳＯＤ活性，川芎嗪通过抑制肝缺血再灌注时氧自由基产生，提高组织抗氧化能力，维持Ｔ／Ｋ平衡，对肝缺血再灌注损伤起到保护作用。     

三七总皂甙对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护

三七总皂甙对大鼠肝缺血再灌注损伤的保护梁力建１何强２吕明德１彭宝冈１黄洁夫Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｐａｎａｘｎｏｔｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇｏｎｌｉｖｅｒｉｓｃｈｅｍｉａ－ｒｅｐｅｒｆｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｊｕｒｙｉｎｒａｔｓＬＩＡＮＧＬｉ＿Ｊｉ...     

缺血后处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

缺血后处理是指在缺血发生后、长时间的再灌注之前,对心脏进行数次短暂的再灌注/缺血循环的处理方法.与缺血预适应一样,缺血后处理能减轻再灌注后心肌的损伤.由于缺血后处理可在心肌缺血发生后应用,所以比缺血预适应具有更大的临床应用价值.     

大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注时肝细胞凋亡与Bcl-2蛋白表达的关系

目的 探讨肝脏缺血再灌注时肝细胞凋亡与Bcl—2蛋白表达的关系。方法 建立大鼠局部肝脏缺血再灌注模型，将72只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组和缺血再灌注组，采用免疫组织化学法测定再灌注后不同时相中肝组织Bcl—2蛋白含量，用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的三磷酸脱氧尿苷(dUTP)缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法和透射电镜观察肝细胞凋亡状态。结果 再灌注后1、3、6、24h肝组织Bcl—2蛋白含量明显低于正常组及假手术组，并于3～6h达到其最低值；再灌注后1、3、6、24h肝细胞凋亡指数(HAI)则明显高于正常组和假手术组，并于3～6h达到高峰。再灌注后各时相中Bcl—2蛋白水平与HAI呈明显负相关。结论 在肝脏缺血再灌注时，Bcl—2蛋白表达水平异常下调，其抑制细胞凋亡的效能减弱，促使肝实质细胞凋亡增加，加重肝脏缺血再灌注损伤。     

中药对肝缺血再灌注损伤的防护作用

近年发现,经过一定时间缺血的组织器官在得到血液再灌注时却出现了明显的功能结构障碍,甚至发生不可逆的损伤性变化,称为缺血再灌注损伤(Ischemia Reperfusion Injury)。这种现象在肝脏疾病中可观察到,如复杂的肝切除术、严重肝创伤的处理、肝移植等手术中,称之为肝缺血再灌注损伤(Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury,HIRI)。目前认为氧自由基及     

缺血再灌注过程中肝细胞自噬研究进展

自噬(autophagy)是真核细胞进行代谢过程中特有的生命现象,在细胞存活与死亡中是把双刃剑,既能促进其存活也会导致细胞死亡,对于多种疾病的发展和治疗产生重要的影响。近来研究表明,自噬对于指导肝缺血再灌注损伤治疗的方法意义重大,为寻找其干预措施开拓了特殊的思路。     

腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :利用 Langendroff- Neely离体心灌注方法 ,以缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。对照组 (n=12 ) ,采用St.Thomas液作为心停搏液。实验组 (n=12 )以腐胺 10 mg/ ml作为心停搏液 (St.Thomas液 )的添加剂。测定心脏停搏前和缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min后的心率、主动脉流量、冠脉流量和心输出量。测定心脏缺血 12 0 min,再灌注 2 0 min后心肌组织 MDA、SOD,并进行心肌超微结构比较研究。结果 :实验组较对照组心功能改善 ,缺血再灌注损伤心肌 SOD活性无明显变化 ,明显降低缺血再灌注损伤心肌MDA水平 ,减轻细胞膜结构的损害 ,心肌水肿程度明显减轻 ,心肌结构保存好。结论 :腐胺对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用     

脑缺血再灌注肾脏组织损伤老年大鼠ATP酶和自由基代谢的变化及其意义

目的 从ATP酶活性变化和自由基损伤方面研究老年大鼠脑缺血再灌注肾脏损伤机制。方法 青年（5-6月龄）和老年（20-22月龄）大鼠均分为模型组和正常对照组。观察大鼠全脑缺血30min再灌注60min后肾脏组织形态和肌酐（Cr)。尿素氮（BUN），丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD），ATP酶的活性，结果 青年和老年模型组大鼠肾脏组织形态和功能均出现明显的病理改变，老年模型组较青年模型组严重，青年模型组和老年模型组肾脏组织MDA含量和MDA/SOD比值分别高于青年对照组和老年对照组，老年模型组肾脏组织Na^ -K^ -ATP酶和Ca^2 -ATP酶活性低于青年模型组；老年对照组肾脏Ca^2 -ATP酶活性低于青年对照组，老年模型组肾脏Ca^2 -ATP酶活性低于老年对照组。结论 脑缺血再灌注肾脏损伤老年大鼠较青年大鼠严重。ATP酶活性降低和自由基损伤可能是其主要机制之一，由于老年大鼠ATP酶活性和自由基代谢的增龄变化使这些病理改变较青年明显并具有一定特点。     

Nigella sativa relieves the deleterious effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on liver

AIM： To determine whether Nigella sativa prevents hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury to the liver. METHODS： Thirty rats were divided into three groups as sham （Group 1）, control （Group 2）, and Nigella sativa （NS） treatment group （Group 3）. All rats underwent hepatic ischemia for 45 min followed by 60 min period of reperfusion. Rats were intraperitoneally infused with only 0.9% saline solution in group 2. Rats in group 3 received NS （0.2 mL/kg） intraperitoneally, before ischemia and before reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrifi ced. Serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity （TAC）, catalase （CAT）, total oxidative status （TOS）, oxidative stress index （OSI） and my-eloperoxidase （MPO） in hepatic tissue were measured. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS： The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 weresignifi cantly lower than those in the group 2. TAC in liver tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2. TOS, OSI and MPO in hepatic tissue were signifi cantly lower in group 3 than the group 2. Histological tissue damage was milder in the NS treatment group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION： Our results suggest that Nigella sativa treatment protects the rat liver against to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

不同浓度硝酸甘油对心脏缺血/再灌注的作用及ALDH2的作用

目的 探讨不同浓度硝酸甘油(GTN)对离体大鼠心脏缺血/再灌注损伤的作用,进一步分析线粒体乙醛脱氢酶2(ALDH2)在其中的作用.方法 采用离体大鼠心脏Langendorff灌流方法,局部结扎冠状动脉左前降支30 min,复灌30 min复制缺血/再灌注模型.实验分五组,正常对照组,单纯缺血/再灌注组,GTN低浓度组(10 -8 mol/L GTN),中浓度组(10-7 mol/L GTN)及高浓度组(2×10 -6 mol/L GTN).测定心室动力学指标和复灌期间冠脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶( lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)含量,RT-PCR测定左心室前壁心尖组织线粒体ALDH2基因mRNA表达水平.结果 与单纯缺血/再灌注组相比,GTN低浓度组左心室发展压(LVDP)、室内压最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dtmax)均增高,左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)降低,中浓度组无明显差异,高浓度组LVDP和±dp/dtmax均降低;LVEDP增高.与缺血/再灌注组相比,正常对照组和低浓度GTN组心肌组织ALDH2 mRNA表达增高,中浓度无明显差异,高浓度组大鼠心肌ALDH2 mRNA表达降低.结论 低浓度GTN可对抗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,高浓度GTN加重损伤,中浓度GTN对损伤影响不大,此现象可能与不同浓度GTN引起心肌ALDH2的释放量不同有关.     

Addition of ATP and MgCl2 to the preservation solution attenuates lung reperfusion injury following cold ischemia.

BACKGROUND: In lung transplantation, reperfusion injury following cold ischemia is one of the crucial problems for recipients. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the protective effect of adding a combination of ATP and MgCl2 to the preservation solution against lung reperfusion injury following cold ischemia. METHODS: Using an isolated rat lung perfusion model with fresh rat blood as the perfusate, the rats were divided into five groups (n = 6). In the fresh group, the study lungs were flushed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), then immediately reperfused for 120 min. In the control group, the study lungs were flushed with PBS, then cold ischemia was induced for 9 h (4 degrees C), after which reperfusion was performed. In the other three groups, the protocols were the same as for the control group except that ATP and/or MgCl2 were added to the PBS: ATP group (100 microM ATP), MgCl2 group (100 microM MgCl2) and ATP + MgCl2 group (100 microM ATP + 100 microM MgCl2). RESULTS: In the ATP + MgCl2 group, the intrapulmonary shunt fraction, peak airway pressure and wet to dry lung weight ratio were significantly lower than those in the control group. No improvement was observed in the ATP or MgCl2 groups. Histological examination supported these physiological results. In all groups, flush time and lipid peroxide levels in the lungs after cold ischemia did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSION: The addition of ATP and MgCl2 to the preservation solution attenuated reperfusion injury following cold ischemia in rat lungs.     

Role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in ischemia reperfusion injury: An update

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) is best known for its critical detoxifying role in liver alcohol metabolism. However, ALDH2 dysfunction is also involved in a wide range of human pathophysiological situations and is associated with complications such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. A growing body of research has shown that ALDH2 provides important protection against oxidative stress and the subsequent loading of toxic aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and adducts that occur in human diseases, including ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI). There is increasing evidence of its role in IRI pathophysiology in organs such as heart, brain, small intestine and kidney; however, surprisingly few studies have been carried out in the liver, where ALDH2 is found in abundance. This study reviews the role of ALDH2 in modulating the pathways involved in the pathophysiology of IRI associated with oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Special emphasis is placed on the role of ALDH2 in different organs, on therapeutic "preconditioning" strategies, and on the use of ALDH2 agonists such as Alda-1, which may become a useful therapeutic tool for preventing the deleterious effects of IRI in organ transplantation.     

大鼠急性脑缺血再灌注细胞凋亡调控因素的研究

目的　探讨 Bcl- 2及 Caspase- 3在脑缺血再灌注损伤中的表达及与缺血性凋亡的关系。方法　制备大鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。通过免疫组化及原位杂交显色方法测定 Bcl- 2、Caspase- 3在脑缺血再灌注损伤后随时间延长蛋白表达的动态变化 ,并用图像分析方法测定二者的免疫强度。结果　图像分析显示 Bcl- 2表达于缺血再灌注 3h后达高峰 ,再灌注 6 h后呈下降趋势 ,2 4 h后表达明显减少 ,与 3h相比 P<0 .0 1。Caspase- 3于缺血再灌注 6 h后达高峰 ,于再灌注 2 4 h后表达下降 ,与 6 h相比 P<0 .0 1。结论　 Bcl- 2及 Caspase- 3均介导了脑缺血再灌后神经细胞凋亡的发生 ,并可能参与迟发神经细胞死亡     

基因治疗在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的研究进展

通过溶栓和经皮冠状动脉血管成形术达到再灌注是即将发生急性心肌梗死的标准处理措施。尽管缺血区的血流复灌对心肌的挽救具有重要意义,再灌注本身可能导致缺血损伤基础上的进一步心肌损伤。目前对心肌缺血再灌注损伤分子和细胞机制的更深理解以及心血管系统基因操作工具的利用,为基因治疗提供了可能性。为了提高人类血管基因治疗的有效性和安全性,对基因转导载体,基因递送技术和有效治疗基因的鉴定等方面的基础研究是非常必要的。