硅酸锆放射性测试中存在的问题

简述了陶瓷行业用硅酸锆原料的放射性来源。通过试验验证了硅酸锆在放射性测试过程中的质量和体积对放射性测试结果的影响。     

隧道放射性调查分析

针对隧道天然放射性调查,在根据隧道实际情况规范布置基线与测线的基础上,分别对γ辐射剂量率、放射性核素浓度、氡浓度进行测定,并进行了钻芯取样实验,最后通过对测定结果的分析得出各项测定结果均小于或接近标准值,且无辐射突变段,不会对隧道施工、使用及运营造成影响的结论,以此为隧道放射性调查工作提供指导。     

放射性废树脂处理方法研究

随着我国核工业的发展,产生了大量的放射性废树脂,只有其中一部分废树脂得到了处理、处置,但仍有大量的废树脂暂存于核设施中,没有转化成安全的稳定化状态。废树脂的处理方法有固化法(水泥固化、沥青固化、聚合物固化)、氧化法(热解焚烧、等离子焚烧、湿法氧化)、装高整体性容器(HIC)、热态超级压缩、蒸汽重整等。现存的放射性废树脂的处理方法均有各自的优点,但仍均存在不足。本文主要分析、对比当前的放射性废树脂处理方法。     

放射性液位计在合成氨中的应用

本文介绍了放射性液位计的原理、测量系统的构成、测量方法及其在合成氨生产中的应用。     

饮用水总α总β放射性测定探讨

水中放射性测量具有放射性活度低,影响测量的因素多,准确测量困难等特点。该文对饮用水总α总β放射性测量的特点以及影响放射性测量的干扰因素等进行了探讨,指出测量过程中须注意的问题以及针对这些问题应采取的措施。     

稀土料液放射性去除研究

包头稀土精矿具有很高的放射性，在分解处理的过程中，必须对放射性进行处理。处理后的放射性要小于300bq／kg。     

水泥放射性核素测量结果分析*

依据GB 6566—2010《建筑材料放射性核素限量》,采用NaI(TI)闪烁能谱仪测量水泥样品放射性核素含量,建立数理统计模型对测试数据进行分析,得出测试结果服从正态分布。当置信区间取95%时,水泥样品放射性核素镭-226、钍-232、钾-40比活度可分别表示为50.11±2.12Bq/kg、35.31±2.28Bq/kg、310.48±22.54Bq/kg。     

伴生放射性煤矿的辐射防护

辐射危害已经成为伴生放射性煤矿的安全问题,其中以氡及其子体、放射性粉尘、γ外照射和表面污染这四类的危害最大。采取相应的技术措施进行辐射防护,加强井下辐射监测以及矿山管理,可有效减小井下作业人员所受的辐射危害。     

Preparation and characterization of porous microspheres and applications in controlled-release of abamectin in water and soil

Porous microspheres with different sizes were prepared through solvent evaporation method with ethylcellulose as a matrix material and abamectin as a core material. The abamectin-loaded microspheres were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The chemical structure of the microspheres was determined through FTIR. DLS analysis showed that the diameter of the microspheres range from 10 to 100 μm. SEM analysis revealed that the inner structure of the microspheres is characterized by a porous network. TGA revealed that the microspheres are thermally stable below 125 °C. The controlled release of abamectin from the microspheres into water and soil was also investigated. Abamectin was released from microspheres into water through diffusion. The release of abamectin into soil was mainly caused by erosion, a result that was verified through SEM.     

表面活性剂在宾馆／酒店厨房、餐具保洁中的应用

本文简述了在宾馆／酒店厨房、餐具保洁中应用的表面活性剂的主要类型,并且仅限于对环境及物品的清洁。     

西玛津在甘蔗及土壤中的残留消解动态

为了探明西玛津使用后在甘蔗及其土壤中的残留降解规律,采用气相色谱法研究了西玛津90%水分散粒剂在甘蔗及其土壤中的残留消解降解动态和最终残留实验。结果表明:西玛津在甘蔗和土壤中的降解动态方程分别为Ct=19.157e-0.0587t和Ct=1.689 8e-0.036t,半衰期分别为11.8 d和19.3 d;以1 647 g a.i./hm2和2 470.5 g a.i./hm2的剂量在甘蔗田进行喷雾处理,收获期甘蔗和土壤中的最终残留量分别小于0.01 mg/kg和0.02 mg/kg。     

预分解窑窑头和窑尾参数的分析与控制

新型干法水泥是目前水泥行业的发展趋势,中央控制室是新型干法水泥生产线的控制指挥中心。预分解窑系统需要控制的参数较多,综合考虑各参数的变化将有利于窑系统的稳定运行。窑头和窑尾参数是准确判断窑系统运行状况的重要参数,包括窑尾的温度、压力,窑头的温度、压力,窑尾的气体分析等,在操作中应引起操作员的重视。     

Morphology and microstructure of autoclaved clinker and slag-lime pastes in presence and in absence of silica sand

Development of microstructure in four hydrothermal reactions has been undertaken using scanning electron microscopy. These are clinker, clinker-sand, slag-lime and slag-lime-sand hydrothermal reactions. The microstructure of clinker hydration products displayed crumpled foils and tabular masses of calcium silicate hydrates; few cubic crystals of hydrogarnet appeared only during the initial stage of the reaction. In clinker-sand mixture the C-S-H phase was the only product identified. In slag-lime hydration the microstructure displayed both of the hydrogarnet crystals and the C-S-H phase. The hydration of slag-lime-sand mixture (an optimum composition) was associated with the formation of ill-crystallized tobermorite and crystalline 11A tobermorite as the main products.     

Metabolism of malonaldehyde in vivo and in vitro

The metabolism of malonaldehyde (MA) was investigated in vivo using male Wistar rats and in vitro using rat liver mitochondria. Twelve hr after intubation with [1,3-¹⁴C] MA, 60–70%, 5–15% and 9–17% of administered radioactivity was recovered in expired CO₂, feces and urine, respectively. In rats intubated with [1,2-¹⁴C] acetate, the corresponding values were 68–82%, 1–2% and 2–3%.¹⁴CO₂ evolution was initially slower after¹⁴C-MA administration than after¹⁴C-acetate administration and more radioactivity was excreted in the feces and urine. In vitro experiments using [1,3-¹⁴C] MA showed that MA is metabolized primarily in the mitochondria via reactions involving O₂ utilization and¹⁴CO₂ production. The apparent K_m and V_max were 0.5 mM and 9.3 nmol/min/mg protein for O₂ uptake, respectively, and 2.0 mM and 2.4 nmol/min/mg protein for¹⁴CO₂ production. Addition of malonic acid to mitochondrial incubates at concentrations inhibitory to succinate dehydrogenase did not affect MA-induced O₂ uptake but enhanced¹⁴CO₂ production from¹⁴C-MA.¹⁴C-Acetate appeared to be the major accumulating metabolite in rat liver mitochondrial preparations following a 120-min incubation with¹⁴C-MA. A probable biochemical route for MA metabolism involves oxidation of MA by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase followed by decarboxylation to produce CO₂ and acetate.     

欧盟对农药的重新评定与我国除草剂品种发展

评述了欧盟评定的农药名单中禁用的除草剂品种及我国今后除草剂的开发与使用。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定蔬菜及水果中的吲哚丁酸和萘乙酸

采用高效液相色谱法,以DiamonsilTMC1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇∶水∶磷酸为60∶40∶0.35(pH值3~4)作为流动相,检测波长为272nm的条件下测定萘乙酸和吲哚丁酸含量,试验结果表明:在0～50.00mg.L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r吲=0.9998,r萘=0.9998,最低检出浓度为0.025mg.L-1,试样在5.00、10.00、15.00mg.L-13个添加水平下的平均回收率在81.2%~99.4%之间,相对偏差在0.41%~1.61%之间,方法简便,准确。     

Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of agaro-oligosaccharides in vitro and in vivo

Background  

Agaro-oligosaccharides derived from red seaweed polysaccharide have been reported to possess antioxidant activity. In order to assess the live protective effects of agar-oligosaccharides, we did both in vitro and in vivo studies based on own-made agaro-oligosaccharides, and the structural information of this oligosaccharide was also determined.     

HALS研发进展及其在PVC中的应用

介绍了近年来受阻胺类光稳定剂(HALS)新产品的研究开发情况,高分子量化受阻胺、多功能化受阻胺、低碱性化受阻胺和反应型受阻胺等不断出现;应用研究取得新进展,对PVC体系中有较好稳定的作用。