血T-SPOT.TB联合肺泡灌洗液TbDNA检测对诊断肺结核的应用价值

目的分析血T-SPOT.TB联合肺泡灌洗液(BALF)Tb DNA检测对肺结核诊断的价值。方法选择2013.3~11月86例疑似肺结核患者,经确诊后分为肺结核组46例、肺炎组40例,均行T-SPOT.TB、BALF-Tb DNA、BALF涂片、痰涂片、PPD、结核抗体检测,对各检测结果进行对比,并行T-SPOT.TB与BALFTb DNA联合检测与单用检测、涂片法、PPD、结核抗体对比分析。结果血T-SPOT.TB、BALF-Tb DNA敏感性分别为84.8%、80.4%,特异性分别为80.0%、77.5%,两者联合检测敏感性为100.0%,阳性预测值为97.1%,阴性预测值为100.0%,与单用检测对比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与涂片法、PPD、结核抗体对比,存在显著差异(P0.01)。结论血T-SPOT.TB与BALF-Tb DNA联合检测提高了肺结核的诊断阳性率,弥补对方不足,减少肺结核的漏诊、误诊,是一个有前途的检测方法。     

酶联免疫斑点试验在菌阴肺结核诊断中的价值

目的探讨酶联免疫斑点检测技术(enzyme-linked immunospot assay,ELISPOT)(T-SPOT.TB)在菌阴肺结核诊断中的应用价值。方法应用T-SPOT.TB试剂盒对55例菌阴肺结核(A组)和36例其他肺部疾病(B组)患者的外周血中Mtb特异性T淋巴细胞进行检测,同时对两组患者进行PPD试验、血清结核抗体(Mtb-AB)检测。结果A组T-SPOT.TB的阳性率为89.1%(49/55),要明显高于B组的19.4%(7/36)(χ2=44.59,P<0.001)。在A组,T-SPOT.TB的阳性率要明显高于PPD试验[36.4%(20/55)]、Mtb-AB[52.7%(29/55)]及PPD试验+Mtb-AB的阳性率[23.6%(13/55)],(χ2=12.13,χ2=7.08,χ2=21.54,P值均<0.01)。T-SPOT.TB在B组中的阴性率为80.6%(29/36),较PPD试验[86.1%(31/36)]及Mtb-AB阴性(63.9%,23/36)和PPD+Mtb-AB检测方法的阴性率[88.9%(32/36)]经检验,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.39,χ2=2.69,χ2=0.41,P值均>0.05)。结论T-SPOT.TB检测特异度和敏感度要优于PPD试验及Mtb-AB的检测,可用于菌阴肺结核的辅助诊断,具有一定的临床推广使用的价值。     

多要素参与的菌阴肺结核研究

目的探讨结核抗体（TB-Ab）、结核菌素试验（PPD）联合结合循证医学方法对菌阴肺结核的诊断价值。方法TB—Ab、PPD用于初治涂阳肺结核67例,健康对照组58例,非结核性肺病63例,初治菌阴肺结核87例,对结果分析评价。结果单项检测对菌阴肺结核的敏感性及特异性分别为TB—Ab42．5％、79．3％,PPD5^u52．9％、75．9％,PPD1^u36．8％、82．8％。联合两者对菌阴肺结核诊断的敏感度及特异性为67．8％、67．2％。按肺结核诊断循征流程对If缶床诊断为菌阴肺结核再分析共排除肺结核9例。结论目前肺结核诊断应继续强调细菌学及组织学诊断,对于菌阴肺结核诊断,应强调在循征医学基础上联合多种要素共同参与。     

γ-干扰素释放分析T-SPOT.TB在结核性疾病中的诊断价值

目的评价γ-干扰素释放分析T-SPOT.TB检测在结核性疾病中的诊断价值。方法采用T-SPOT.TB试剂盒对疑诊或待排结核患者外周血中释放γ-干扰素的结核分枝杆菌特异性T淋巴细胞进行检测。结果γ-干扰素释放分析T-SPOT.TB检测在结核性疾病阳性检出率为83.3%(20/24),明显高于结核菌素试验(tuberculin skin test,TST)的41.7%(10/24)、涂片找抗酸杆菌的26.7%(4/15)、分枝杆菌分离培养的22.2%(2/9),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。γ-干扰素释放分析T-SPOT.TB检测诊断结核性疾病敏感性、特异性分别为83.3%、96.4%,显著优于结核菌素试验。结论γ-干扰素释放分析T-SPOT.TB检测是诊断结核的快速敏感方法,在结核性疾病诊断中有重要价值。     

多项检测在痰涂阴性肺结核诊断中的价值

目的探讨检测红细胞沉降率(ESR)、抗结核抗体(LAM-lgG)、结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)在痰涂阴性肺结核诊断中的价值。方法收集2012年02～2012年11月初诊为涂阴疑似肺结核患者资料,其中涂阴肺结核组28例,非结核组24例,对两组患者的ESR、LAM-lgG、及T-SPOT.TB结果进行比较分析。结果确诊肺结核组患者的ESR、LAM-lgG、及T-SPOT.TB阳性率均明显高于非结核组(P<0.05)。3种检测方法能显著提高菌阴结核患者阳性检出率,与单项检测方法相比,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合检测ESR、LAM-lgG、及T-SPOT.TB在菌阴肺结核的诊断与鉴别诊断中具有较高的临床价值。     

T-SPOT.TB与PPD在消化系统结核感染鉴别诊断中的价值

目的评估快速T细胞计数体外酶联免疫斑点技术(T-ELISPOT.tuberculosis,T-SPOT.TB)与PPD试验在消化系统结核感染的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2011年6月-2013年7月于南京军区南京总医院消化内科收治的60例患者,其中14例确诊为结核感染的患者,46例为非结核感染的消化系统疾病患者,抽取患者外周血送检,T-SPOT.TB与PPD试验结果的准确性进行比较。结果 14例确诊结核感染患者,46例非结核感染的患者,T-SPOT.TB的灵敏度与PPD试验相近,差异无统计学意义(78.6%vs71.4%,P=1.000);T-SPOT.TB的特异性显著大于PPD试验(91.3%vs 69.6%,P=0.009);T-SPOT.TB阳性预测率显著大于PPD试验(73.3%vs 41.7%,P=0.001);T-SPOT.TB阴性预测率与PPD试验相近,差异无统计学意义(93.3.%vs 91.1%,P=1.000)。T-SPOT.TB与PPD试验在诊断消化系统结核感染方面有较好的吻合性(K=0.341,P=0.018)。结论 T-SPOT.TB应用于消化系统感染的诊断,尤其适合PPD阳性的疑似消化系统结核感染患者的鉴别诊断。     

结核分枝杆菌感染T细胞斑点试验的临床应用价值

目的 寻找一种敏感度和特异度都较高的临床诊断方法,以提高结核病的确诊率.方法 搜集110例经实验室与临床诊断确诊的患者,采用结核分枝杆菌感染T淋巴细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB),检测其诊断结核病的敏感度和特异度.同时行PPD试验的患者104例.结果 66例结核患者中56例T-SPOT.TB检测阳性,敏感度为84.85％；66例中61例作PPD试验,42例为阳性结果,敏感度为68.85％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=7.76,P＜0.05)；44例非结核性疾病患者中39例T-SPOT.TB检测阴性,特异度为88.64％；44例中43例作PPD试验,31例阴性,特异度为72.09％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.72,P＜0.05).T-SPOT.TB检测在敏感度、特异度上均显著优于临床常用的PPD.T-SPOT.TB阳性预测值91.80％(56/61). PPD试验阳性预测值76.36％(42/55).结论 T-SPOT.TB试剂盒在检测结核病诊断方面具有很高的应用价值.     

结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素酶联免疫斑点试验在菌阴肺结核中的诊断价值

目的通过检测结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素酶联免疫斑点试验的结果,探讨其在菌阴肺结核诊断及鉴别诊断中的意义。方法将研究对象分为菌阳肺结核、菌阴肺结核、肺部肿瘤、肺炎4组。所有患者分别进行结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素酶联免疫斑点试验、结核抗体三项测定及结核菌素试验。结果菌阳肺结核、菌阴肺结核、肺部肿瘤、肺炎4组患者PPD试验阳性率为84.8%、83.3%、28.6%、33.3%;结核抗体试验的阳性率为84.8%、66.6%、28.6%、33.3%;ELISPOT试验阳性率为93.9%、93.3%、7.1%、3.3%。结论结核杆菌感染T细胞酶联免疫斑点试验在肺结核诊断,可能优于结核菌素试验及结核抗体测定,对于菌阴肺结核的诊断与鉴别诊断具有临床意义。     

血结核抗体和PPD试验对肺结核的临床诊断价值

目的 对血结核抗体和PPD试验用于肺结核诊断的价值进行评估。方法 100例肺结核患100例肺癌对照组患的血清用“TB－CHECK－1”精材料法检测血结核抗体，同时进行PPD测试。结果 100例肺结核患结核抗体的敏感性力为88％，PPD试验的敏感性为84％，特异性分别为92％，57％。结论 血结核抗体对肺结核的诊断是快速、方便、敏感及特异的，可用作菌阴肺结核的辅助诊断方法，与PPD试验联合应用则效果更佳。     

结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测在结核病诊断中价值的研究

目的研究结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测在结核病诊断中的价值。方法对1232例结核病、非结核病的其他呼吸系统疾患患者及健康志愿者同日寸进行抗酸杆菌涂片、培养、PPD皮试及结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测。结果①结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测菌阳肺结核的敏感性为75．1％；菌阴肺结核的敏感性为68．9％；肺外结核病的敏感性为71．2％；诊断结核病的总体敏感性为72．0％，特异性为82．1％。②TB—SA血清抗体检测OD405值并不与PPD值成线性关系，结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测对结核病人的诊断不受患者卡介苗反应的影响。结论结核分枝杆菌TB—SA抗体检测诊断结核病有较好的敏感性和特异性，是结核病诊断和鉴别诊断的可靠手段。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.