两相区淬火温度对HSLA100钢显微组织及屈强比的影响

研究了HSLA100钢在两相区二次淬火时淬火温度对组织和屈强比的影响。结果表明:HSLA100钢在两相区二次淬火后形成了铁素体和M/A岛的混合组织;700℃淬火时,沿板条状铁素体分布着少量岛状组织;随淬火温度的升高,岛状组织数量增多且粗化,同时铁素体形貌从单一的板条状逐渐向多边形状转变,且其中的位错密度降低;当淬火温度升到820℃时,其显微组织又恢复到板条贝氏体;试验钢的屈强比在700～740℃温度范围内从0.94持续下降至0.67,而在740～780℃区间内波动很小(约为0.67),当温度超过780℃后又大幅上升。     

低合金耐磨钢热处理工艺探讨

研究热处理工艺对轧机牌坊耐磨复合衬板工作层低合金耐磨钢力学性能的影响.原热处理工艺处理后工作层材料耐磨性不能满足使用要求,使用70天失效.研究结果发现淬火温度低于900℃时,低合金耐磨钢硬度随淬火温度升高而升高,淬火温度高于900℃时,硬度反而下降.淬火温度高于930℃时,冲击韧性有所下降.回火温度高于460℃时,硬度明显降低.随着回火温度升高,冲击韧性和断裂韧性提高.回火温度高于410℃时,延伸率和断面收缩率大幅度提高.350℃回火后耐磨性最佳.低合金耐磨钢采用以下热处理工艺最佳:900～920℃喷雾淬火后350～370℃回火.     

油淬Ni_(64)Al_(36)合金的逆马氏体相变

用内耗试验、差示扫描量热和X射线衍射分析等方法对油淬和炉冷的Ni64Al36(原子分数)合金从室温到400℃的逆马氏体相变过程进行了研究。结果表明:在加热过程中油淬Ni64Al36合金在220℃出现一个内耗峰,冷却时内耗峰的温度移到160℃,而炉冷Ni64Al36合金无内耗峰出现;油淬Ni64Al36合金的内耗峰峰位不随振动频率而变化,但峰高随频率的减小和升温速率的提高而增大;油淬Ni64Al36合金在冷却和加热时出现的两个内耗峰分别是由γ→L10马氏体转变及其逆马氏体转变引起的;在室温到400℃有限次数热循环范围内,热循环次数对油淬Ni64Al36合金正、逆马氏体转变的影响很小。     

Cr12MOV钢的隐晶马氏体及其强韧化

文章对Cr12MoV 钢的隐晶码氏体及其强韧化进行了研究。电镜分析表明,Cr12MoV 钢的淬火隐晶马氏体的微观形态与亚结构随淬火奥氏体化温度不同而异。950℃及其以下奥氏体化温度淬火,可获得单一的板条状位错融隐晶马氏体;而经950～1100℃奥氏体化温度淬火,则获得了由针(片)状孪晶马氏体与板条状位错马氏体构成的混合隐晶马氏体组织,并且孪晶马氏体随奥氏体化温度升高而增多。经机械性能试验发现,隐晶马氏体的微观形态与亚结构对钢的强韧性有直接影响。因此,为了使Cr12MoV 钢得到最有效的强韧化效果,不仅要均匀化和细化钢中的碳化物,而且要控制钢中隐晶马氏体的微观形态与亚结构。     

TC1钛合金的高温流变行为

通过试验研究了TC1钛合金在变形温度为650~750℃、应变速率为0.000 5~0.01s-1条件下拉伸时的流变应力及组织演变规律;利用改进的Hooke定律和Grosman方程建立了TC1钛合金在高温下的应力-应变本构模型。结果表明:在应变速率一定时,TC1钛合金的流变应力随温度升高快速下降,当温度达到700℃并继续升高时,流变应力下降减缓;当变形温度一定时,流变应力随应变速率的增加而快速增大;TC1钛合金在700℃变形时,低的应变速率可以促进动态再结晶的发生;依据拉伸试验数据建立的本构方程能够较准确地反映TC1钛合金在高温下的流变行为。     

热处理温度对高钒高速钢显微组织和硬度的影响

研究了淬火温度和回火温度对高钒高速钢显微组织和硬度的影响.结果表明:在空冷条件下,当淬火温度低于1 040℃时,随着淬火温度的升高,钢的硬度逐渐升高;超过1 040℃后,随着淬火温度的升高,其硬度又逐渐降低;同时随着淬火温度的升高,钢中碳化物的数量逐渐减少,马氏体不断粗化,而残余奥氏体含量逐渐增加;在1 040℃淬火后,当回火温度低于500℃时,钢的硬度变化不明显;超过500℃后随着回火温度的升高,其硬度先升高,并在520℃时达到最高值,此后钢的硬度又逐渐降低;随着回火温度的升高,马氏体中弥散析出的碳化物数量逐渐增加并聚集长大,同时马氏体和部分残余奥氏体转变为回火马氏体.     

连续变温法测定多晶纯铝晶界内耗峰

采用可连续变温测量的多功能内耗仪在离散振动频率分别为0.2,0.3,1.0,2.0和3.0 Hz的条件下测定了多晶纯铝在25℃450℃升降温过程中的内耗峰值温度和相对动力学模量,并根据Arrhenius关系式计算了升降温过程中的扩散激活能和内耗行为特征。结果表明:多晶纯铝在受迫振动时,其升温和降温的内耗品质因子倒数曲线上均出现一个内耗峰,随着离散振动频率的增大,内耗峰峰位向高温方向移动,说明该内耗峰具有弛豫性;该内耗峰是晶界内耗峰,其机制为铝原子在铝/铝晶界的自扩散,其激活能为(2.24±0.03)×10-19J,指数前因子0τ为10-14s。     

Fe-Cr-Al合金减振性能的研究

用弯曲共振法(共振频率1500～1700Hz)测定了经高温退火的Fe-Cr-Al合金系的减振性能(内耗),并研究了外磁场和温度对该合金系内耗的影响。研究结果表明,在磁场作用下Fe-Cr-Al合金系的内耗值先是随磁场增强而增高,在达到最高峰值后,随磁场加大,内耗值而明显下降,并降到最低值(此时合金磁化饱和)。升温低于330℃,合金由于磁机械滞后效应引起的内耗基本保持不变,当温度超过330℃,Fe-Cr-Al合金系的内耗值明显下降,并急剧降到最低值。     

淬火温度对45钢淬火开裂的影响

对直径为8 mm的密封螺塞用锻造正火态45钢棒进行(750～880)℃×15 min淬火和550℃×30 min高温回火处理,研究了不同淬火温度下试样的显微组织、断口形貌和硬度,分析淬火温度对开裂的影响,并对热处理工艺进行优化。结果表明：当淬火温度为750,780℃时,淬火后试样均未发生开裂,而当淬火温度为800～880℃时均发生了开裂;随着淬火温度的升高,组织中铁素体减少,晶粒尺寸增大,硬度先升高后降低;在800～830℃淬火时,淬火开裂的原因为过冷奥氏体在马氏体转变相区冷却速率过大,组织应力在试样外层集中,裂纹以沿晶和穿晶混合方式扩展;在850～880℃淬火时,淬火温度较高,晶界弱化,在组织应力与热应力的共同作用下裂纹沿晶界扩展。在830℃淬火前增加3～5 s室温缓冷工序再回火后45钢既可获得最佳的回火索氏体组织与较高的硬度,又可避免淬火开裂。     

抗蛇行减振器油液温度对车辆动力学性能的影响

考虑温度对抗蛇行减振器油液黏度的影响,基于动力学软件SIMPACK仿真研究油液温度对车辆动力学性能的影响。仿真结果表明:在油液正常工作范围内,车辆蛇行临界速度随着油液温度降低而升高,低温(小于0℃)对车辆稳定性影响远大于高温(大于0℃),这是因为油液黏度随温度降低而升高,低温对油液黏度影响大于高温;当车辆速度小于200 km/h时,油液温度对车辆平稳性几乎没有影响,当车辆速度大于200 km/h时,油液温度对车辆平稳性有一定影响,且随着速度增加,影响程度也有所增加;油液温度对车辆安全性影响总体不是很大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.