GO的加入方式对GO/PF复合材料性能的影响

分别采用原位聚合、物理共混和球磨方法制备氧化石墨烯(GO)/酚醛树脂(PF)复合材料,研究GO的不同加入方式对GO/PF复合材料的热性能、力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛的影响。研究结果表明:通过原位聚合法,GO/PF复合材料初始分解温度比纯酚醛树脂提高了43.8℃,冲击强度提高了18.6%;通过球磨法,GO/PF原位复合材料的玻璃化转变温度提高了7.9℃,蠕变性能和松弛模量分别提高了64.7%和58.6%,表明GO的加入方式对GO/PF复合材料的结构和性能具有较大的影响。     

SF含量对SF/PF动态力学和摩擦性能影响

将不同含量碱处理的剑麻纤维(SF)与酚醛树脂(PF)粉末、填科等在塑炼机上熔融混炼,通过模压成型工艺制备SF/PF复合材料,研究了SF含量对SF/PF复合材料力学性能、动态力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的影响,并借助SEM观察SF/PF复合材料磨损面的微观形貌.结果表明,SF含量(质量分数,下同)为15%时,SF/PF复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲强度分别为5.58 kJ/m2和67.69MPa,玻璃化转变温度(tg)达到204℃.与未加SF复合材料的相比tg提高13℃;SF含量为10%时,SF/PF复合材料的磨损体积为4.6×10-4cm3.SEM观察表明,sF含量10%时,SF与PF间的界面粘结性良好.     

热致性液晶聚合物/酚醛树脂/氧化石墨烯混杂复合材料的性能研究

采用熔融挤出法将热致性液晶聚合物(TLCP)与酚醛树脂(PF)熔融挤出,分别加入改良Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)、硅烷偶联剂改性GO(KH550 GO、KH560 GO),制备了TLCP/PF/GO混杂复合材料,研究了加入GO对TLCP/PF/GO混杂复合材料的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂处理的GO能一定程度提高复合材料的摩擦磨损性能和力学性能,特别是TLCP/PF/KH560 GO混杂复合材料的摩擦因数稳定,在150 ℃和250 ℃下的体积磨损率分别降低了20.6 %和23.1 %,材料的冲击强度提高了18.6 %。     

环氧树脂/液晶双马来酰胺复合材料的研究

以液晶双马来酰亚胺(IA)为改性剂,制备了 IA 质量含量不同的环氧树脂(EP)/IA 复合材料体系,用冲击强度仪、扫描电镜、热变形温度仪、热失重仪等测试手段对复合材料的力学性能和热性能进行测试分析。结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度均有所提高,当 IA 的含量为0.8%(质量分数,下同)时,冲击强度提高了5.3 kJ/m~2;当 IA 含量为1.5%时,复合材料的热变形温度较纯 EP 提高了12℃,失重5 %时的温度(T₅)提高了57℃,失重50%时的温度(T₅₀)提高了45℃。     

剑麻纤维素微晶/酚醛树脂力学性能和动态力学性能的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对从剑麻中提取的剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)进行改性,对SFCM与酚醛树脂(PF)进行熔融共混、用模压成型工艺制备SCFM/PF复合材料,研究SFCM含量对复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,与PF相比,SFCM/PF复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了54.94%,31.37%,储能模量提高了30%,玻璃化转变温度提高了41℃,蠕变和应力松弛性能也得到了提高。     

BPR/PF复合材料的热性能和动态力学性能

采用硼酚醛树脂(BPR)与普通酚醛树脂(PF)熔融共混挤出制备BPR/PF树脂,通过模压成型工艺制备BPR/PF复合材料。利用热失重(TG)、动态力学性能(DMA)研究不同BPR含量对复合材料热性能、动态力学性能、蠕变和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明,BPR能显著增强树脂的热性能。700℃,BPR加入质量分数50份时,BPR/PF的残炭率达到了58%,而PF的残炭率只有38.29%,共混复合材料的储能模量提高了28%;玻璃化转变温度提高了18.3℃;复合材料的蠕变和应力松弛性能也得到了提高。     

表面改性对酚醛树脂/氧化石墨烯复合材料的力学性能与摩擦性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行表面改性,制备改性的氧化石墨烯(MGO),采用FTIR和XRD对MGO进行结构表征,通过共混、混炼、模压成型工艺制备酚醛树脂(PF)/MGO复合材料,研究GO的表面改性对PF复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和摩擦性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的磨损表面进行形貌分析。结果表明:GO的表面改性对提高PF复合材料的力学和动态力学性能、摩擦学性能具有明显效果,相比于未改性的PF/GO复合材料,其冲击强度提高了24.32%,弯曲强度提高了10.95%,弯曲模量提高了21.21%,松弛模量提高了42.22%,形变率降低了40.79%,同时改性的PF/MGO复合材料具有较高的摩擦系数和磨损率;扫描电镜观察结果显示,复合材料的磨损表面显得平整、光滑。     

环氧树脂/液晶双马来酰亚胺复合材料的研究

以液晶双马来酰亚胺(IA)为改性剂,制备了 IA 质量含量不同的环氧树脂(EP)/IA 复合材料体系,用冲击强度仪、扫描电镜、热变形温度仪、热失重仪等测试手段对复合材料的力学性能和热性能进行测试分析。结果表明,复合材料的冲击强度均有所提高,当 IA 的含量为0.8%(质量分数,下同)时,冲击强度提高了5.3 kJ/m~2;当 IA 含量为1.5%时,复合材料的热变形温度较纯 EP 提高了12℃,失重5 %时的温度(T_5)提高了57℃,失重50%时的温度(T_(50))提高了45℃。     

PA66/TLCP/埃洛石纳米管三元复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融共混方法制备了尼龙66(PA66)/热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)三元复合材料.结果表明,TLCP对PA66起到一定的增强增韧作用,加入HNTs后,PA66/TLCP/HNTs三元复合材料的弯曲性能明显提高,含有质量分数10%TLcP和5%HNTs的三元复合材料相比纯PA66,在冲击强度提高32.6%的同时,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、热变形温度分别提高了约16.3%、103%、22℃.采用差示扫描量热分析研究了复合材料中TLCP和HNT8对PA66结晶和熔融性能的影响,扫描电子显微镜照片和动态热机械分析表明,HNTs的加入改善了PA66与TLCP的相容性,TLCP在HNTs的作用下能够较好地原位成纤.     

GO/PF原位复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及力学性能

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),并与酚醛树脂(PF)进行原位聚合,将原位聚合树脂与固化剂、填料等通过辊炼、模压成型制备GO/PF原位复合材料.研究GO的含量对GO/PF原位复合材料的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能影响,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的磨损面形貌.研究结果表明,GO通过原位聚合能在一定程度上提高复合材料的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能,当GO质量分数为0.25％时,GO/PF原位复合材料的冲击强度提高了18.6％,在250℃和300℃下,GO/PF原位复合材料的体积磨损率分别降低了20.0％和15.6％.     

Mechanical Properties of Mullite

The mechanical properties of alkoxy-derived, high-purity, translucent, theoretically dense mullite (3AI₂O₃.2SiO₂) were investigated over the temperature range room temperature to 1500°C. Large agglomerates were found to contribute to the formation of porosity nests which act as strength-controlling flaws at room temperature as well as at high temperatures. Despite the slow crack growth above 1300°C, a slight increase in fracture stress and a large increase in K_Ic were observed up to 1500°C. These increases are explained by the dominance of energy dissipation through plastic relaxation in the plastic zone over grain-boundary sliding due to the presence of the glassy phase.     

Mechanical Properties of Monoclinic Zirconia

Fracture toughness and fracture strength data are presented for the first time for monoclinic zirconia. An undoped nanocrystalline zirconia powder was sintered at 1100°C and yielded a theoretical density of more than 90% with a grain size of about 150 nm. The surface crack in flexure (SCF) technique was deemed most suitable for nanocrystalline materials. Measurements of Young's modulus and the determination of the fracture origin are also provided.     

Mechanical Properties of Silica Xerogels

Strengths have been measured for silica xerogels using four-point bending. The silica xerogels studied are microporous with open porosity of 53 vol%. Strengths were measured on fresh samples, samples which had been outgassed at 250°C, samples which were exposed to ambient conditions for 2 d, and samples stored in ethanol. Fresh samples had strengths about 20 MPa which increased to 32 MPA with outgassing but returned to 20 MPa after exposure. The loss of strength could be arrested, but not reversed, by storing the samples in ethanol.     

Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline TiC

The mechanical properties of fine-grained polycrystalline TiC were studied using both four-point bending and compression tests. The ductile-brittle transition (D-B) temperature in compression was determined to be =800°C and was found to depend on grain size. Yield-point behavior was observed for the first time in fine-grained TiC deformed in compression and was found to depend on grain size and test temperature. The yield stress as a function of grain size can be described by a Hall-Petch type of relation, i.e. yield stress α (grain size)-1/2. The dislocations resulting from deformation in compression at lower temperatures were predominately screw in character, with edge dipoles and dislocation loops being present. As the temperature of deformation was increased, the dipoles and loops were gradually annihilated by climb and the dislocations were observed in the form of hexagonal networks with a much-reduced dislocation density. A plot of log yield stress vs 1/T showed a change in slope, which suggests that two rate-controlling mechanisms are in operation during deformation at different test temperatures. Thermal activation analysis at T = 1050° to 1500°C suggested that the rate controlling mechanism during deformation in this temperature range is associated with cross slip.     

Mechanical Properties of Porous Materials

Porous materials are commonly found in nature and as industrial materials such as wood, carbon, foams, ceramics and bricks. In order to use them effectively, their mechanical properties must be understood in relation to their micro-structures. This paper studies the mechanical properties of a few common porous materials: carbon rods, ceramics, polymeric foams and bricks. The characterisation of pore structures was performed using a Mercury Porosimeter. Detailed information was obtained on the density, porosity, surface area and pore size distribution. A large number of experiments on either bending or compression were conducted in order to obtain their macro-mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, hardness and strength. Based on the experimental observations, theoretical models were employed to predict the macro-properties from the micromechanics viewpoint. By studying the deformation of pores the global behaviour was calculated. Two simple formulae for the elastic modulus, E, were proposed: for low values of porosity, , E = E⁰(1 – 2) (1 + 4²) where E⁰ is the elastic modulus when the porosity is zero; for high value of porosity such as for foams E = E⁰ (1 – )². The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental ones. The study has provided insights into the mechanical properties of porous materials over a wide range of porosity values.     

针织复合材料的力学性能

本文介绍了针织复合材料预型件的制造工艺：研究其面内和面外力学性能：并与机织复合材料进行了比较。     

自密实混凝土力学性能研究

以CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道常用粉体-粘度改性剂复合型自密实混凝土为研究对象,系统研究了含气量、胶凝材料、养护温度等对自密实混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量的影响,比较了自密实混凝土与正常振捣混凝土力学性能指标,探讨了自密实混凝土抗折强度和弹性模量与抗压强度之间的关系.结果表明,自密实混凝土抗压强度随含气量的变化规律大致可分为三个区域,当含气量小于3.5％,抗压强度随含气量增加而降低;当含气量在3.5％ ～6.1％之间,抗压强度变化不大;当含气量大于6.1％时,抗压强度随含气量增加而显著降低;自密实混凝土抗折强度高于正常振捣混凝土,折压比约为0.14;等强度自密实混凝土弹性模量比正常振捣混凝土低,且随着抗压强度增加,两者之间的差距逐渐减小;在养护温度5～ 30℃范围内,自密实混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量均随养护温度的升高而增大.     

SEBS共混物的力学性能研究

采用熔融共混法研究了白油、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和无机填料对氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,白油使SEBS共混物的300%定伸应力、扯断强度、硬度迅速下降,扯断伸长率升高;随着PP加入量的增加,SEBS共混物的300%定伸应力、扯断强度和硬度均逐渐升高,扯断伸长率逐渐下降;随着PS加入量的增加,SEBS共混物的300%定伸应力、硬度逐渐升高,扯断伸长率逐渐降低,而扯断强度先降低后升高;无机填料对SEBS共混物的力学性能影响较大,应根据制品性能要求选择合适的填料种类及加入量,以达到SEBS最优化的配方设计。     

Mechanical Properties of Mica Glass-Ceramics

The mechanical properties of fluorophlogopite mica-based glass-ceramics, such as fracture toughness, flexural strength, and machinability, were investigated. It has been shown that toughening increments in the glass-ceramics occurred by crack deflection and branching by crystals with a high aspect ratio. All the glass-ceramics heat treated at 1000°–1150°C exhibited a higher fracture toughness of 1.2–2.2 MPa-m^1/2 as compared to 0.8 MPa-m^1/2 for the parent glass, and showed average flexural strengths of 140–160 MPa. It has been suggested that ( H/K_Ic )² of the mica glass-ceramic be used to estimate the machinability, because it decreases linearly with machinability.