椭圆轨道编队飞行相对动力学初始化条件

Hill方程在椭圆轨道编队设计中具有一定的局限性,为解决这一问题,将基于Hill方程的圆轨道编队设计方法推广应用于椭圆轨道编队设计中．将T-H方程表示为参考轨道真近点角的显函数形式,推导椭圆轨道编队相对运动的状态转移矩阵．利用椭圆轨道编队相对运动动力学方程有周期解的要求,讨论椭圆轨道编队周期性运动的一般性初始化条件．最后通过数学仿真表明理论推导的正确性．推导的初始化条件可用于椭圆轨道编队队形初始设计或相对运动误差估计．     

针对非合作目标的中距离相对导航方法

提出了一种自由飞行机器人在中距离(几千米至几十米)范围内对非合作目标的导航方法,基于视觉导航相机和激光测距仪的组合测量方案,结合姿态敏感器和惯性器件的测量信息,通过推广Kalman滤波方法来估计自由飞行机器人与非合作目标的相对位置和速度信息。在近共面轨道和中距离接近的假设下,给出了一种简化的导航算法,在目标轨道参数未知的情况下也可以进行相对运动参数的估计,从而降低了算法的复杂性和运算量。仿真结果验证了上述导航方法和算法对非合作目标中距离相对导航的有效性,并获得了较好的导航精度。     

航天器相对视觉／IMU导航量测修正多速率滤波

针对具有单目视觉和惯导组件(IMU)的航天器相对导航问题,研究了以量测信息为修正手段的异速滤波算法.异速滤波也就是多速率卡尔曼滤波器,其中滤波过程被分解为量测更新和时间更新,根据实际情况选取滤波器周期,一般可选取频率较快的系统采样周期作为组合导航系统的滤波周期,根据是否有慢速信息决定在滤波时刻进行时间更新或者量测更新.为增强滤波器对观测信息的适应能力,设计利用量测信息对滤波量测噪声阵和状态估计误差协方差阵进行后验修正.理论分析和数学仿真均表明,基于量测修正的多速率卡尔曼算法能够提高滤波器的数据更新频率,同时改善滤波器的性能,提高导航系统的冗余度.     

对异面椭圆轨道目标航天器绕飞的相对导航算法

研究了小卫星对异面椭圆轨道目标航天器绕飞的相对导航问题。首先建立了适用于目标航天器运行在椭圆轨道上的二阶状态方程;分析了2个航天器间的量测几何关系并得到量测方程;采用适用于处理复杂非线性模型的无味卡尔曼滤波器进行相对导航计算。仿真计算结果表明,在对异面椭圆轨道目标航天器进行绕飞的过程中,所提出的相对导航方法能够实现对相对位置和相对速度的精确估计。     

Design and control of multiple spacecraft formation flying in elliptical orbits

Spacecraft formation flying is an attractive new concept in international aeronautic fields because of its powerful functions and low cost. In this paper, the formation design and PD closed-loop control of spacecraft formation flying in elliptical orbits are discussed. Based on two-body relative dynamics, the true anomaly is applied as independent variable instead of the variable of time. Since the apogee is considered as the starting point, the six integrating constants are calculated. Therefore, the algebraic solution is obtained for the relative motion in elliptical orbits. Moreover, the formation design is presented and both circular formation and line formation are provided in terms of an algebraic solution. This paper also discusses the PD-closed loop control for precise formation control in elliptical orbits. In this pall, the error-type state equation is put forward and the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method is used to calculate PD parameters. Though the gain matrix calculated from LQR is time-variable because the error-type state equation is time variable, the PD parameters are also considered as constants because of their small changes in simulation. Finally, taking circular formation as an example, the initial orbital elements are achieved for three secondary spacecraft. And the numerical simulation is analyzed under PD formation control with initial errors and J2 perturbation. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of PD closed-loop control scheme.     

Randomization-based algorithms for servicing spacecraft motion planning on elliptical orbit

Randomization-based motion planning algorithms are presented to solve problems of servicing spacecraft maneuvering in proximity to servicing targets on an elliptical orbit.The feasible trajectories of position and attitude for spacecraft are obtained by these algorithms under a variety of constraints.The state transition matrix is applied to computation of relative motion on elliptical orbits without performing numerical integration.The pseudo body coordinate system is built for identifying the planners on three coordinate axes with different functions.Finally,motion planning algorithm for translation and attitude taking account of the dependent variable (i.e.time) is used to obtain feasible trajectories.As the simulation examples indicate,the effectiveness of these methods is verified for relative motion while getting close to large structures,and the paper concludes with a detailed analysis of the results.     

椭圆轨道绳系卫星系统释放的类反步法控制

为解决椭圆轨道上绳系卫星系统的稳定和快速释放问题,在传统反步法的基础上,提出了一种类反步法的非线性控制方法.与传统反步法仅适应于严格反馈系统不同,提出的类反步法非线性控制方法不仅可以应用于非严格反馈系统,并且能够充分地利用系统的非线性模型来改善控制效果.首先,基于拉格朗日力学原理,建立了椭圆轨道上绳系卫星系统释放过程的动力学模型,并通过一种新型的量纲为1的变换对动力学模型进行化简,得到了量纲为1的卫星系统模型;其次,设计了一种类反步非线性控制方法以应对绳系卫星系统模型中的耦合特性,并采用Lyapunov函数验证了各系统状态的渐进稳定性能;最后,设计了绳系卫星系统释放过程的非线性控制和PID控制的数值仿真实验,通过对比验证了所提出的类反步法非线性控制方法的有效性.仿真结果表明,所提出的类反步法控制方案不仅可以稳定、高效地控制椭圆轨道上绳系卫星系统的释放过程;而且相对比传统的PID控制方案所取得的控制效果更优.     

椭圆形悬挂轨道控制策略研究

为了实现椭圆形悬挂轨道,文中以航天器相对运动动力学模型为基础,对椭圆形悬挂轨道的控制策略进行了分析研究.根据悬挂轨道的定义,通过理论分析和推导,得到了悬挂星在椭圆悬挂轨道上运行时所需要的控制加速度,并对其进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:控制加速度曲线平滑,易于实现和控制,且仿真结果与泛开普勒轨道所需的控制加速度一致,椭圆形悬挂轨道实现方法正确可行.     

基于Legendre伪谱法的卫星轨道转移燃料最优控制

以真近点角为自变量,介绍了形式简单的卫星相对运动动力学模型,给出了和真近点角相匹配的性能指标.利用伪谱法将最优控制问题转化为参数优化问题,以状态转移矩阵为基础给出了仅以初末状态为约束的最优控制律,然后针对线性化模型,给出了以状态方程为约束的最优控制律.设计的控制律均为解析形式,不需要利用NPL算法进行计算.仿真结果表明设计的控制律是有效的.     

INS/Vision相对导航系统在无人机上的应用

提出了一种考虑视觉导航设备输出时间延迟问题的INS/Vision相对导航方法,推导了长机与僚机之间的相对惯导方程.给出了长机与僚机之间相对视线矢量测量原理,僚机上设置若干特征光点,长机上的视觉导航设备通过对特征光点观测,得到相对视线矢量.应用扩展卡尔曼滤波融合相对惯导信息和相对视线矢量信息,估计出长机与僚机之间的相对姿态、相对速度和相对位置.针对视觉导航设备量测量存在时间延迟的问题,给出了延迟后量测量与惯导信息融合的方法,最后通过仿真研究证明了该相对导航方法的有效性.     

On measured-error pretreatment of bionic polarization navigation

A signal pre-treatment algorithm based on combination of 3-dimension system identification and Kalman filtering estimation（3DSKE）is proposed.The aim of designing the 3DSKE algorithm is to reduce errors caused by random noise,but leave the systematical errors caused by signal source remained to be solved by a special method.The 3DSKE algorithm is especially suitable for time series of pure measured data without dynamic equation and on-line real-time execution.The simulated result shows that the 3DSKE algorithm can help the basic theoretic calculation to realize feasible,stable,fast,high accurate and auto-executing computing process for the navigation applications.     

Influence of the pulsar direction error and geometry distribution on spacecraft relative navigation

X-ray pulsar navigation is one of the effective means to realize the spacecraft relative navigation. Based on the Kalman filtering measurement model of X-ray pulsar based relative navigation, the effect of pulsar direction error and geometry distribution on navigation accuracy is researched. To model the pulsar direction error, a method of translating the model error into the measurement error is proposed. Simulation results indicate that the relative distance deviation caused by pulsars direction errors of 1arcsec is up to 0.34％ and that it increases linearly with the actuating direction error when the direction error is within 1000arcsec. The effect of the pulsar geometry distribution on navigation precision is remarkable. Selecting 4 pulsars from 8 for navigation, the discrepancy of navigation precision reaches 10.74％.     

GPS／INS组合导航的变分贝叶斯自适应卡尔曼滤波

为解决GPS／INS组合导航的数据融合问题中卡尔曼滤波器因噪声统计特性会发生变化而性能严重退化的问题,针对组合导航的系统模型提出并推导了一种基于变分贝叶斯学习的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法。该方法从概率角度将系统状态与噪声的统计矩一起作为待估计的随机变量,在每次递推地对状态进行估计之前,用变分贝叶斯学习迭代逼近得到噪声的后验分布。仿真结果证明：在组合导航系统中,该自适应算法能够较好地跟踪变化的噪声方差,并对速度、位置等系统状态进行估计。     

编队飞行卫星自主相对导航算法研究

提出一种基于类GPS敏感器星间相对距离测量的编队飞行卫星相对位置、速度和姿态自主确定算法.在编队飞行卫星之间无相对速度测量时,利用两点相对轨道状态测量信息,建立相对轨道和姿态运动方程以及星间相对测量方程,推导了编队飞行卫星相对导航UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)算法,估计其相对轨道和姿态等导航信息.并进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明,该算法简单可靠,能够满足高精度编队飞行卫星相对导航要求.     

量测最小分辨率特性下自主相对导航设计方法

为抑制量测最小分辨率特性对导航滤波产生的振荡特性,建立了准确的量测模型,提出导航系统自适应变步长设计方案,并理论上分析对比了该方案与工程上常用的低带宽设计方案的滤波性能.分析表明,随着滤波带宽的降低,系统的常偏及白噪声误差反比例增大,收敛时间变长;该较低带宽设计大幅降低标称系统性能损失.仿真表明,该设计相对速度滤波精度为2E-3 m/s(3σ),使较低带宽设计提高一个数量级,满足高精度卫星编队飞行的任务需求.     

Second-order divided difference filter for vision-based relative navigation

A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative position,velocity and attitude of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The second-order divided difference filter which makes use of multidimensional interpolation formulations to approximate the nonlinear transformations could achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence from inaccurate initial conditions than standard extended Kalman filter.The filter formulation is based on relative motion equations.The global attitude parameterization is given by quarternion,while a generalized three-dimensional attitude representation is used to define the local attitude error.Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of the second-order divided difference filter with a standard extended Kalman filter approach.     

船用捷联惯性导航系统在系泊状态下快速初始对准与标定

针对船用捷联惯性导航系统(S-INS)在系泊状态下的初始对准与标定,提出一种两位置对准方法.该方法首先建立在水平失准角较小、而方位失准角较大时的初始对准模型,并在传统的卡尔曼滤波器中加入前置滤波器,对受干扰的2个水平速度信号采用非平稳求和自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)建模,然后在建立测量信号精确模型的基础上,再进行卡尔曼滤波,这样降低了观测噪声的水平,达到快速精确对准及IMU误差参数在线标定的目的.通过在三轴转台上多次试验结果表明,使用中等精度的惯性组件,在1 200 s内,水平姿态估计误差将减少到0.03°,方位误差减少到0.4°以内,证明了该方法的有效性.     

Relative navigation for satellite formation flight using a continuous-discrete converted measurement Kalman filter

The present paper develops an approach of relative orbit determination for satellite formation flight.Inter-satellite measurements by the onboard devices of the satellite were chosen to perform this relative navigation,and the equations of relative motion expressed in the Earth Centered Inertial frame were used to eliminate the assumption of the circular reference orbit.The relative orbit estimation was achieved through a continuous-discrete converted measurement Kalman filter design,in which the measurements were transformed to the inertial frame to avoid the linearization error of the observation equation.In addition,the situation of the coarse measurement period（only microwave radar measurements are available）existing was analyzed.The numerical simulation results verify the validity of the navigation approach,and it has been proved that this approach can be applied to the formation with an elliptical reference orbit.     

自适应滤波在空间机动目标相对导航中的应用

针对空间机动目标的相对导航问题展开讨论,提出了基于UKF的空间机动目标相对导航自适应滤波方法。文章从机动目标的检测和滤波器参数的调整两方面入手,首先使用统计学方法处理机动判据归一化新息加权平方和,以避免虚警并使目标检测更为有效,然后设计一套放大状态估计协方差矩阵的滤波器参数自调整策略,实现在检测到目标机动后滤波器能够快速收敛并持续稳定跟踪。仿真验证所设计的滤波器较传统的UKF能够更好地完成机动目标的相对导航任务。     

固定时间稳定航天器相对轨道悬停控制

针对航天器相对空间目标的定点悬停控制需求,基于非线性反馈固定时间稳定算法设计了一种闭环悬停控制律.阐述了固定时间稳定的原理,以C-W方程为相对运动模型设计了悬停控制律,可以通过改变相关控制参数来消除初始悬停误差和干扰的影响,实现对控制效果的调节.结果分析表明,提出的控制律对初始悬停误差收敛速率较快,能够保持长时间、高精度定点悬停,仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.