离子液体混合溶剂预处理后孟宗竹的热解

使用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯化盐([Bmim]Cl)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF₄)和1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷氯化物([Bmpy]Cl)与水并添加固体酸催化剂Nafion^®NR50组成的混合溶剂对孟宗竹进行预处理比较研究,分析了处理后孟宗竹的成分含有量、结晶结构和表面形貌等变化。把处理后的孟宗竹应用于热解研究中,通过TG-DTA和GC-TCD的分析,发现[Bmim]Cl离子液体的混合溶剂处理后的孟宗竹更易于热解反应;此外热解产物更多地从焦炭转化成气体产物;其中添加固体酸的混合溶剂预处理后的1.0 g孟宗竹样品中,在热解反应后焦炭含量为0.19 g,低于未处理样品的0.24 g;生成约0.12 g气体产物大于未处理样品的0.04 g。并探讨了离子液体混合溶剂作为一种新型前处理溶剂应用于生物质热解研究中的潜力和问题。     

采用 UNIFAC 模型预测吸收式循环氨-离子液体工质对的气液相平衡简

On the basis of reported experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium （VLE） data of NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate （NH3-[Emim]Ac）, NH3-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （NH3-[Bmim][BF4]）, NH3-1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate （NH3-[Mmim]DMP） and NH3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate （NH3-[Emim]EtOSO3） binary systems, the interaction parameters of 14 new groups have been regressed by means of the UNIFAC model. To validate the reliability of the method, these parameters have been used to calculate the VLE data with the average relative deviation of pressures of less than 9.35%. The infinite dilution activity coefficient （ γ1∞ ） and the absorption potential （ φ1 ） are important evaluation criterions of the affinity between working pair species of the absorption cycle. The UNIFAC model is implemented to predict the values of and φ1 of t6 sets of NH3-ionic liquid （1L） systems. The work found that the φ1 gradually increases following the impact order： φ1（[Cnmim][BF4]）〈φ1（[Cnmim]EtOSO3）〈φ1（[Cnmim]DMP）〈φ1（[Cnmim]Ac） （n= 1, 2, 3, … ） at a given cation of IL species and constant temperature, and φ1（[Mmim]X）〈φ1（[Emim]X）〈φ1（[Pmim]X）〈 φ1（[Bmim]X）（X= Ac, [BF4], DMP or EtOSO3） at a given anion of IL species and constant temperature. Furthermore, the φ1 gradually increases with increasing temperature. Then, it could be concluded that the working pair NH3-[BmimlAc has the best potential research value relatively.     

Vapor pressure measurement and correlation of acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride,+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate,and+1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

Vapor pressures were measured for acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]),+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) and+1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ...     

Insight into the behavior at the hygroscopicity and interface of the hydrophobic imidazolium-based ionic liquids

How to completely remove the water from ionic liquids(ILs) is difficult for researchers because of the hygroscopicity of ILs. In order to study the hygroscopicity of ILs, two kinds of ILs, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Bmim][PF_6]) and 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)([Bmim][NTf_2]) were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Although[Bmim][PF_6] and [Bmim][NTf_2] are hydrophobic, both of the ILs could absorb water molecules from the vapor. In this work, the process of absorbing water from the vapor phase was studied, and the water molecules could disperse into the IL. Aggregation was observed with increasing the water concentration.Although the absorbed water increases obviously, the amount of free water and small cluster in the ILs does not change significantly and always stays at a certain level. The amount of free water and small cluster in [Bmim][PF_6] is more than that in [Bmim][NTf_2], which is consistent with their hydrophobicity. In addition, the liquid-vacuum and liquid–liquid interfaces of the ILs were simulated and analyzed in detail.The number density distribution and angle distribution indicated that [Bmim]+cations arrangement regularly at the IL-vacuum interface. The butyl chain point to the vacuum, while the imidazlium ring is close to the IL phase region and perpendicular to the interface. While at the IL-water interface, the cations and anions are disordered.     

GNs/[Bmim][BF4]复合材料的制备及其超电容性能

应用一步电化学剥离法,在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF₄])电解液中电解石墨棒,产物进行热处理,制得石墨烯/离子液体复合物(GNs/[Bmim][BF₄])。对此复合物进行了红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征,发现GNs/[Bmim][BF₄]复合物具有良好的孔隙结构,在充放电过程中有利于电极结构的保持和电荷的转移。将其应用到超级电容器中,发现其性能较石墨要更加优异,在0.2 A/g电流密度下,比电容可达到221.32 F/g,在功率密度为456.32 W/kg下,能量密度可达83.51 (W·h)/kg。     

Effects of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria of methanol + dimethyl carbonate azeotropic systems

The separation of methanol(MeOH) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is important but difficult due to the formation of an azeotropic mixture. In this work, isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data for the ternary systems containing different imidazolium–based ionic liquids(ILs), i.e. MeOH + DMC + 1-butyl-3-methy-limidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide([Bmim][Tf_2N]), MeOH + DMC + 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide([Emim][Tf_2N]), and MeOH + DMC + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Emim][PF6])) were measured at 101.3 kPa. The mole fraction of IL was varied from0.05 to 0.20. The experimental data were correlated with the NRTL and Wilson equations, respectively. The results show that imidazolium-based ILs were beneficial to improve the relative volatility of MeOH to DMC,and [Bmim][Tf_2 N] showed a much more excellent performance on the activity coefficient of MeOH. The interaction energies of system components were calculated using Gaussian program, and the effects of cation and anion on the separation coefficient of the azeotropic system were discussed.     

疏水性离子液体萃取芳香化合物及其再生

利用疏水性离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[Bmim][PF6]、1-丁基-3-乙基咪唑六氟磷酸盐[Beim][PF6]、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双三氟甲磺酰亚胺盐[Bmim][Tf2N]对水溶液中的9种芳香化合物进行萃取,以苯胺为代表对萃取工艺进行了优化,考察了乙醚、正丁醇等低极性溶剂对离子液体的再生情况. 结果表明,在室温下,当相比O/A=0.2、时间为10 min时,[Bmim][PF6]对苯胺的萃取率达87.2%,分配系数为34.1,效果明显高于甲苯、正辛醇等传统有机溶剂. 芳香化合物的分子结构对萃取有较大影响,萃取率及分配系数随溶质疏水性增加而增加. 用乙醚作为反萃剂效果较好,苯胺和离子液体的回收率分别为93.1%和95.2%,溶质及离子液体均能实现资源化回收利用.     

离子液体预处理油料作物木质纤维素

选取了3种离子液体：氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Cl)、溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Br)以及氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([Omim]Cl),对油料作物木质纤维素部分：花生秸秆、花生壳以及油菜秸秆进行了预处理。对处理前后的物料进行了组分、酶解产糖以及结构分析。原料经酶解后,花生秸秆的产糖率最高(54.31%),且木质素含量最低,表明其更利于生物燃料的生产。3种离子液体中[Bmim]Cl预处理效果最好,产糖率最高可达85.43%(花生秸秆)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)分析,花生秸秆表面最不完整,结构松散,结晶区域少。经离子液体处理后,所有物料均变得疏松多孔,表面粗糙,提高了物料的可及度。在此基础上,分析阴阳离子对于木质纤维素的溶解过程,发现氯离子和[Bmim]⁺对于纤维素的溶解影响最显著。     

Separation of chitin from shrimp shells enabled by transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid

Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exch...     

Thermal Performance Analysis of Ionic Liquid-Pretreated Spent Coffee Ground Using Aspen Plus®

Thermal analysis and gasification study of spent coffee ground (SCG) pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) is presented. Four ILs, namely, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]), tributylmethylammonium chloride ([N₁₄₄₄][Cl]), and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P₆₆₆₁₄][Cl]), were investigated. The pretreatment was followed by thermogravimetric analysis. The syngas composition was computed using an equilibrium-based steam-O₂ gasification model developed in Aspen Plus® by varying gasifier temperature and steam/biomass ratio. All ILs reduced the ash content, enhanced the volatility as well as the higher heating value of SCG. IL pretreatment also decreased CO₂ and CH₄ contents showing environmental benefits of using ILs.     

质子化氮化碳的制备及其复合材料的光催化性能

分别采用硫酸、盐酸和硝酸对尿素热解得到的体相块状石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)进行质子化改性,超声剥离得到氮化碳纳米片,考察3种质子化氮化碳纳米片对亚甲基蓝染料的光催化降解性能,利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、BET、UV-DRS、UV-VIS等对其结构、形貌、比表面积、禁带宽度进行分析。结果表明,硫酸改性后的g-C_3N_4比表面积最大(60. 9 m~2·g~(-1)),亚甲基蓝降解效果最好,降解率为46. 7%,相比于体相块状g-C_3N_4的29. 2%提高了17. 5个百分点。以硫酸质子化改性的g-C_3N_4为前驱体,采用搅拌法制备得到质子化g-C_3N_4/石墨烯复合材料,其光催化降解亚甲基蓝的降解率为81. 7%,较硫酸质子化g-C_3N_4提高了35. 0个百分点。     

离子液体[Bmim][NTf2]对CO2在碳酸二乙酯中溶解性能的强化

采用恒定容积法在温度范围308.15~328.15 K、压力范围0~3 MPa条件下测定了CO₂在碳酸二乙酯（DEC）、离子液体[Bmim][NTf₂]以及二者不同质量分数配比混合溶剂中的溶解度,并用COSMO-RS模型研究了离子液体的加入对DEC蒸气分压的影响。实验表明,在相同实验条件下CO₂在[Bmim][NTf₂]中的溶解度大于在DEC中的溶解度。[Bmim][NTf₂]的加入可强化CO₂在DEC中的溶解性能,在相同温度下CO₂在混合溶剂中的溶解度随[Bmim][NTf₂]质量分数增加而增大,在相同浓度的混合溶剂中CO₂的溶解度随温度升高而降低。COSMO-RS模型计算表明,DEC的蒸气分压下降的分数随混合溶剂中离子液体质量分数增加而增大,而对于相同质量分数配比的混合溶剂温度对DEC的蒸气分压影响较小。     

咪唑类离子液体混合物用于二氧化硫高效吸收

开发易制备、价格便宜、面向SO₂气体高效分离的离子液体（ILs）,是当前ILs从实验探索迈向工业应用的难点与重大挑战。合成了不同摩尔比（3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2和1∶3）的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[Emim][Cl]）和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐（[Emim][OAc]）的离子液体混合物[Emim][Cl]_x[OAc]_1-x, 在测定其密度、黏度、热稳定性等基本物性数据的基础上,研究了[Emim][Cl]_x[OAc]_1-x混合物在不同温度和SO₂分压下的SO₂吸收能力。结果表明,[Emim][Cl]_x[OAc]_1-x能够有效地捕获SO₂。[Emim][Cl]与[Emim][OAc]之间存在协同促进作用,有利于实现SO₂高效吸收。[Emim][Cl]_0.33[OAc]_0.66混合液在1.0和0.2 atm（1 atm=101325 Pa）下捕获SO₂量分别为（1.34±0.08）和（0.74±0.05） g/g,与现有结果相比,混合物在SO₂捕获方面有明显优势。此外,这些离子液体混合物对二氧化硫的吸收和解吸具有良好的可逆性。     

High capacity absorption of SO2 using imidazole ionic liquid mixtures

The capture of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) with readily available and cost-effective ionic liquids (ILs) is one of the challenges for the application of ILs. Here, we synthesized the ILs mixtures with different molar ratios (3∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 3∶1) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim][Cl]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][OAc]) to study their SO₂ absorption capacities. The SO₂ solubilities in these mixtures were investigated under different conditions. The SO₂ absorption capacities of [Emim][Cl]_x[OAc]_1-x at different temperatures and SO₂ partial pressure were measured. The results show that ILs can effectively capture SO₂. There exists a synergistic promotion effect between [Emim][Cl] and [Emim][OAc], resulting in quite high SO₂ absorption capacity. The [Emim][Cl]_0.33[OAc]_0.66 mixture can capture SO₂ (1.34±0.08) and (0.74±0.05) g/g at 1.0 and 0.2 atm(1 atm=101325 Pa), respectively. Comparing with the reported data, [Emim][Cl]_x[OAc]_1-x mixtures show obvious advantage for SO₂ capture. In addition, these ionic liquid mixtures have good reversibility for the absorption and desorption of sulfur dioxide.     

离子液体对溶菌酶晶体形态和活性的影响

以鸡蛋清溶菌酶为模型蛋白,采用冷却结晶法结晶以及浊度法测定酶活性,研究了分别添加4种亲水性离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C₄mim]BF₄)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C₄mim]Cl)、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([C₄mim]Br)和1,3-二甲基咪唑碘化物([dmim]I))条件下溶菌酶晶体形态和晶体活性的变化。利用光学显微镜对溶菌酶结晶过程的晶体形态进行分析,结果表明添加离子液体会影响溶菌酶的晶体形态和尺寸。离子液体[C₄mim]BF₄介导的溶菌酶形成棒状晶体。与未添加离子液体相比,[C₄mim]Cl和[C₄mim]Br均未改变溶菌酶晶体形态,均呈块状晶体,但[C₄mim]Cl和[C₄mim]Br促进溶菌酶晶体生长,晶体尺度均增加。而添加[dmim]I,溶菌酶呈现针状晶体。采用浊度法测定溶菌酶晶体活性,结果表明不同的离子液体对溶菌酶晶体的活性...     

Efficient recovery of ionic liquid by electrodialysis in the acid hydrolysis process

Electrodialysis (ED) has been recently known as a highly effective technique to remove and recover ionic liquids from aqueous solution. When a conventional electrolyte solution for the ED process containing Na₂SO₄ was used, a recovery ratio of an acidic IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim][HSO₄]), was 90%. On the other hand, the value clearly increased to 96% when we employed [Bmim][HSO₄] as the electrolyte solution. In an acid hydrolysis of bagasse using the IL under microwave irradiation, the recovery ratio maintains 96%, irrespective of reaction time. This demonstrates the applicability of the proposed ED system in biomass processing.     

[Bmim]Cl中CrCl3-AlCl3催化纤维素降解制取5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛是一种具有很高利用价值的化学平台化合物。以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）为溶剂,以CrCl₃和AlCl₃为复合催化剂,在油浴加热条件下催化纤维素降解制取5-羟甲基糠醛,研究了催化剂种类、催化剂量、温度、纤维素浓度、气氛、纤维素聚合度、反应规模等不同因素对纤维素降解制取5-羟甲基糠醛的影响。结果表明,[Bmim]Cl用量为10 g,棉花添加量为0.5 g,x（CrCl₃）=25%（mol）,x（AlCl₃）=2.5%（mol）,反应温度为120℃,反应气氛为N₂（dry）气氛,反应时间为4 h时,HMF产率最高,达到59%。此外,反应过程中水的作用机理也被给予了相应解释。     

乙腈+[C4mim][Cl]、乙腈+[C4mim][BF4]、乙腈+[C6mim][Cl]的气液平衡测定与关联（英文）

Vapor pressures were measured for acetonitrile+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim][Cl]),+1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim][BF4]) and+1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C6mim][Cl]) at temperatures of 313 to 353 K by a quasi-static method. The experimental data for the binary sys-tems were correlated by the non-random two liquid (NRTL) equation with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of within 1.84%. The results indicate that the three ionic liquids (ILs) can result in a negative deviation from the Raoult's law for the binary solutions containing acetonitrile, and the affinity between ILs and acetonitrile mole-cules fol ows the order [C4mim][BF4]+acetonitrile N [C4mim][Cl]+acetonitrile N [C6mim][Cl]+acetonitrile.     

离子液体在甲醇/硫酸介质中对Q235钢表面的缓蚀性能

探究硫酸存在时Q235钢在甲醇中的腐蚀行为,以及离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[Bmim]Cl）对金属表面的缓蚀作用。通过静态失重法、电化学测试、扫描电子显微镜来测定[Bmim]Cl对Q235钢的缓蚀性能。并利用量子化学计算和分子动力学模拟分析[Bmim]Cl分子的缓蚀机理。在甲醇中随着硫酸含量的增加碳钢的腐蚀速率增加。含有59.51 ml 0.05 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄的甲醇溶液作为腐蚀介质时,随着[Bmim]Cl浓度升高,缓蚀效率逐渐增大,当浓度为0.6 mol·L^-1时,缓蚀效率达到最佳值,为90.63%,且[Bmim]Cl是主要控制阳极反应的混合抑制剂,SEM分析表明在含有缓蚀剂溶液中浸泡后的Q235钢表面相对于未加缓蚀剂更加平整。前线轨道分析和Fukui指数都表明,离子液体在碳钢表面的吸附位点分布在咪唑环上,与Fe发生化学吸附。分子动力学模拟结果表明缓蚀剂分子以阳离子[Bmim]⁺平行吸附于金属表面,阴离子Cl^-扩散在溶液中的方式达到缓蚀的效果。理论计算结果与实验结果一致,即[Bmim]Cl在甲醇/硫酸水溶液中对Q235钢具有很好的缓蚀作用,为新型离子液体缓蚀剂研究应用奠定了基础。     

In2S3/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化降解四环素

本文分别采用热缩聚法和水热法合成了g-C₃N₄和In₂S₃,再用简单的机械研磨工艺制备出了In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂的晶体结构、形貌、微观结构和光学性质进行了表征,在可见光照射下,通过降解四环素(TC)来评价其光催化活性。结果表明,研磨比例为1∶4(摩尔比)的In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化性能,在氙灯下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.025 1 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.9倍和1.6倍,在自然光下TC的光降解表观速率常数是0.010 4 min^-1,分别是In₂S₃和g-C₃N₄的2.6倍和1.4倍。In₂S₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂优异的光催化性能归功于载流子的高效迁移和分离以及增强的光吸收能力。本研究为设计和开发用于抗生素废水处理的可见光响应光催化剂提供了一条有前景的途径。