基于相似原理的超细粉体搅拌功率的实验和DEM数值模拟

采用实验研究和数值模拟相结合的方法，研究机械式粉体搅拌机内超细粉体搅拌过程的搅拌功率、扭矩的变化规律。对平均粒径为10.56μm的轻质碳酸钙粉体进行搅拌实验，研究了机械式粉体搅拌机内的操作参数，包括搅拌转速、桨叶位置、料面高度的变化对超细粉体搅拌功率和扭矩的影响，拟合得出了功率计算的表达式。利用相似原理放大粉体细颗粒，对放大的粗颗粒进行虚拟实验，获得接触参数；对粗颗粒搅拌过程进行DEM数值模拟，将模拟搅拌功率和扭矩的结果与实验结果进行比较。结果表明，机械式粉体搅拌机内超细粉体搅拌功率消耗与搅拌桨转速、桨叶位置、料面高度等参数密切相关。同时，扭矩值与功率值与搅拌桨转速、料面高度呈正相关，与桨叶位置呈负相关。模拟的扭矩值和功率值与实验的扭矩值和功率值比值与颗粒放大因子基本吻合，验证了相似原理应用于研究桨叶位置和料面高度对搅拌功率特性的影响的准确性。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为：搅拌转速>桨型>桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

新型同心双轴搅拌器功率与混合特性的数值模拟

基于同心双轴搅拌器的结构与运行特点,建立了兼顾其流动、混合过程的三维数学模型,并以过程工业应用较多的两种不同尺寸双层组合桨作为内桨、框式桨作为外桨构成的同心双轴搅拌器为研究对象,数值模拟了其在中高黏牛顿流体中同向及反向转动模式的功率特性、流场特性及混合特性。模拟结果表明,同向转动模式下,整个系统的搅拌功耗更小、混合效率更高;外桨功耗受内桨影响较大,一般随内桨转速的增大,恒速外桨的功耗同向转动时会减小、反向转动时会增大;对由桨式搅拌器构成的组合式内桨而言,当内桨直径与釜体直径之比为0.35左右时,相同Reynolds数下的单位体积混合能更小;中高黏牛顿流体中,同心双轴搅拌器的内桨采用上层六斜叶桨+下层六直叶桨的组合形式时更高效节能,仅在体系Reynolds数小于36时,上层二斜叶桨+下层二直叶桨的内桨组合形式才具有相对优势。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为:搅拌转速桨型桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

新型搪玻璃搅拌桨搅拌特性数值模拟及实验研究

采用CFD方法模拟了具有相同桨径、不同桨叶折角和叶宽结构的6种新型搪玻璃搅拌桨的搅拌特性。考察了挡板、桨叶离底高度对釜内流场的影响,基于此分析了桨叶折角、叶宽对速度分布的影响。对模拟得到的搅拌功率和混合时间进行了实验验证,并与传统搪玻璃桨式搅拌器进行比较。结果表明：①新型桨叶在加挡板且桨叶离底高度为450 mm时,搅拌效果最佳;②随桨叶折角、叶宽的增大,桨叶区轴向、径向和切向速度均呈增大趋势,当桨叶折角为45°、叶宽为95 mm时,釜内混合效果最好;③随转速增大,搅拌功率呈增大趋势,混合时间呈减小趋势,新型桨明显比传统桨混合性能好,桨叶折角为30°、叶宽95 mm时功率消耗最低,桨叶折角为35°、叶宽95 mm时混合时间最短。     

酯化反应器内搅拌器的优化设计

搅拌功率和循环流量是考察搅拌桨性能和搅拌槽内混合效果的两个重要参数。作者在直径为5 0 0 m m和 80 0 mm的带导流筒的搅拌槽内 ,试验测试了现工业生产中酯化反应器内的搅拌桨的循环流量准数和功率准数 ,并根据工艺要求优选出以 CBY螺旋浆与直叶透平桨组成的双层浆式搅拌器 ,该搅拌桨比现工业用桨在消耗相同功率的条件下能产生更大的循环流量     

淤浆聚合釜中三种桨型固液分散性能的比较

为考察淤浆聚合釜桨叶形式及转速对釜内液固分散性能的影响,建立了锥形釜体内锚式桨、螺带桨和斜叶桨的固液分散计算流体力学(CFD)模型和冷模实验。3种桨型的模拟扭矩与实验值平均误差在10%以内,模拟所得浓度场与摄像实验所得的固含率分布规律一致,模拟结果较为可靠。研究结果表明:搅拌功率随转速增大而增加,相同转速下三者功耗从大到小的顺序为锚式桨、螺带桨和斜叶桨;相同雷诺数(Re)下三者固液功率准数从大到小的顺序为斜叶桨、螺带桨和锚式桨;达到相同的浓度场方差的功耗从大到小的顺序为锚式桨、螺带桨和斜叶桨。以特征线上浓度分布行为判定,3种桨型均存在混合程度的临界转速;以浓度场方差为量化指标,3种桨型均存在最优固液分散转速。结合两者,锚式桨的实际操作转速推荐范围为120～480 r/min,螺带桨为240～600 r/min,斜叶桨为120～600 r/min。     

组合桨的气液搅拌特性实验研究

对 6种三层组合搅拌桨的功率准数及传质特性进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,1层径流型桨叶和2层混流型桨叶的组合 ,综合性能优于其他形式搅拌桨的组合 ,其功率准数比六直叶圆盘涡轮式桨叶减少 4 0 % ,且在通气下其功率下降最小 ,而传质系数Kla与最大的三层六直叶圆盘涡轮搅拌桨相当     

组合桨搅拌槽内高黏流体混合特性的数值模拟

利用计算流体力学数值模拟方法,对直段桨为双螺带式和Paravisc式以及底桨为锚式和变径双螺带式的组合桨功率和混合时间进行了研究,并对其中最优桨型进行了放大规律的探索。通过数值模拟得到了4种组合桨中各单桨及组合桨的功率准数关联式,提出组合桨中各桨之间功率上的反作用关系。在10种组合桨中,Paravisc-锚式组合桨达到完全混合时所转圈数最少,且在相同转速下量纲一剪切量较大,混合特性最优,将其从体积为100 L的搅拌槽内放大至200 L和500 L搅拌槽中,发现其符合桨端线速度的放大准则。文中对各桨型的功率特性、混合特性和放大规律的分析,可为工业设计和优化高黏度流体组合桨参数提供重要参考。     

不同型式搅拌桨对黄原胶水溶液搅拌效果的CFD数值模拟

使用FLUENTa软件对黄原胶溶液在搅拌槽内的流动特征、桨叶搅拌效果和功率消耗进行了数值模拟. 计算采用多重参考系方法和标准k-e湍流方程. 黄原胶浓度为0~2.0%(w),桨型为直叶圆盘涡轮、非对称抛物线圆盘涡轮和四斜叶桨. 结果表明,不同桨型下溶液的粘度分布有较大差异,且搅拌效率随溶液浓度增加急剧下降,转速增加能有限提高搅拌效率. 径流桨和轴流桨产生的功率消耗随溶液浓度改变呈相反的变化趋势. 在黄原胶浓度2.0%(w)、搅拌转速7.5 r/s时,所有桨型下有效搅拌体积所占比例均低于60%;与在水中相比,直叶圆盘涡轮的功率消耗降低约7%,而四斜叶桨的功率消耗增加29%.     

Numerical investigation of granular mixing in an intensive mixer:Effect of process and structural parameters on mixing performance and power consumption

Discrete element method (DEM) simulations of particle mixing process in an intensive mixer were con-ducted to study the influence of structural and process parameters on the mixing performance and power consumption. The DEM model was verified by comparing the impeller torque obtained from simulation with that from experiment. Impeller and vessel torque, coordination number (CN) and mixing index (Relative standard deviation) were adopted to qualify the particle dynamics and mixing performance with different parameters. A method based on cubic polynomial fitting was proposed to determine the critical mixing time and critical specific input work during the mixing process. It is found that the mixing performance and energy efficiency increases with the decrease of impeller offset. The mixing perfor-mance is improved slightly with the increase of blade number and the impeller with 3 blades has the highest energy efficiency due to its low input torque. Results indicate that the energy efficiency and the mixing performance increase with the decrease of filling level when the height of granular bed is higher than that of blade.     

Influence of Impeller Diameter on Crystal Growth Kinetics of Borax in a Mixed Dual‐Impeller Batch‐Cooling Crystallizer

The influence of impeller diameter on crystal growth kinetics of borax decahydrate in a batch‐cooling crystallizer of non‐standard aspect ratio was evaluated. The dual‐impeller configuration consisted of a pitched‐blade turbine which was mounted below a straight‐blade turbine on a single shaft. Three different impeller‐to‐tank diameter ratios were investigated. In all experiments, mixing was conducted at just‐suspended impeller speed. To examine hydrodynamic conditions, mixing times were measured. The fluid flow pattern and velocity distribution were determined by computational fluid dynamics. Results showed that the smallest but also more regularly shaped crystals were produced in a system with standard diameter impellers. Product yield and power consumption were highest in this case.     

筒式搅拌器开发及性能研究

介绍了筒式搅拌器的结构、设计原理及性能测试研究结果.筒式搅拌器在结构上主要由简体和内弯叶片组成.搅拌时使介质同时产生强大的径向流和轴向流.从理论上分析了液体质点在筒式搅拌器翅片内的运动规律.简式搅拌叶轮的各部位尺寸设计取决于液体性质,混合要求、容器直径和转速等因素.测试采用德国IKAEUROSTAR power con...     

Effect of operating conditions and design parameters in a continuous powder mixer

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the mixing performance and flow behavior in a continuous powder mixer for a typical pharmaceutical mixture. Blender performance, characterized by the relative standard deviation (RSD) of composition of blend samples taken at the blender discharge and by the variance reduction ratio (VRR) of the blender, was measured as a function of impeller rotation rate, flow rate and blade configuration. The flow behavior in the continuous mixer was characterized using the residence time distribution (RTD) and powder hold-up measurements. To quantify the strain applied to the powder in the blender, the number of blade passes experienced by the powder in the blender was calculated using the residence time measurements. The relationship between different experimental parameters and mean residence time and mean centered variance was examined. The mixing performance was largely dominated by the material properties of the mixture, which had a larger effect than the ingredient flow rate variability contributed by the feeders. Holdup was strongly dependent on impeller rotation rate; as impeller rotation rate increased, holdup (and therefore, residence time) decreased sharply. As a result, intermediate rotation rates showed the best mixing performance. Blade configuration affected performance as well; blade patterns where some of the blades push the powder backwards improved the mixing performance.     

POWER CONSUMPTION IN MECHANICALLY AGITATED CONTACTORS USING PITCHED BLADED TURBINE IMPELLERS

Power consumption was measured in mechanically agitated contactors of internal diameter 0.3 m, 0.57 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m. Tap water was used as a liquid in all the experiments. The impeller speed was varied in the range of 0.3-13.33 r/s. Three types of impellers, namely disc turbine (DT), pitched-blade downflow turbine (PTD) and pitched blade upflow turbine (PTU) were employed. The ratio of the impeller diameter to vessel diameter (D/T) and the ratio of impeller blade width to impeller diameter (W/D) were varied over a wide range. The effects of impeller clearance from the tank bottom (C), blade angle (φ), total liquid height (H/T), number of impeller blades (n_b) and blade thickness (t_b) were studied in detail. Power consumption was measured using a torque table

Power number was found to have a strong dependence on the flow pattern generated by the impeller. Unlike, DT and PTU, the power number of PTD was found to increase with a decrease in clearance. The PTD (T/3) was found to have the lowest power number in all the vessels and the power number increased with either a decrease or an increase in the impeller diameter from T/3. The dependence of power number on impeller diameter was found to be more prominent when the D/T ratio was more than 0.3. In general, the power number was found to increase with an increase in blade angle and blade width. The effect of blade width was found to be more prominent in larger diameter vessels. A correlation has been developed for power number in the case of PTD impellers.     

多层组合桨搅拌槽内气-液分散特性的研究

在直径为0,476m的椭圆底搅拌槽中,采用由六叶半椭圆管叶盘式涡轮桨(HEDT)及四叶宽叶翼型桨的上提(WHU)及下压(WHD)操作组合的六种不同的三层桨,研究了气-液两相体系中的通气功率变化及气含率特性,获得不同桨型的通气搅拌功率及气含率的关联式;结果表明,底桨为HEDT的组合桨通气功率下降幅度最小,相同输入功率时气含率最高,其次为WHD,WHU为底桨时气液分散性能最差。因此,适用于气液两相操作的优化组合桨应以HEDT为底桨。此研究结果可为工业用多层组合桨气液搅拌反应器的设计提供参考。     

组合螺带桨搅拌槽内粉体的混合性能

在直径0.48 m的立式搅拌槽内研究了4种组合式螺带搅拌桨的粉体混合性能,考察了搅拌转速、粉体物料装填高度和搅拌桨型对粉体混合性能的影响,分析了径向与轴向上的粉体混合情况. 结果表明,搅拌转速是影响粉体混合的重要因素,增加搅拌转速能明显缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时的混合因子π3比转速8.7及26.5 r/min时下降50%及30%以上;在搅拌桨内部附加较小的内桨使功率略有增加,但可显著缩短混合时间,转速44.0 r/min时能使π3下降50%,提高混合效率.     

Solids suspension agitation in square tanks

The Zwietering correlation for the just‐suspended speed has been modified to include baffling and geometric effects (impeller‐to‐tank diameter ratio and impeller off‐bottom clearance) for two impeller types (high‐efficiency and pitched‐blade). Baffles are generally not required when using square tanks although they improve solids suspension performance of pitched‐blade turbines. Comparison of square tank solids suspension to that in a fully baffled cylindrical tank has also been made. Very little difference was observed in the power number, but the just‐suspended speed, torque, and power requirements were higher in the square tank.