郯庐断裂带中南段重磁特征与深部构造

郯庐断裂带是中国东部地球物理场的分界线。它在磁场上呈现出一条NNE向线性正磁异常带,它的重力场特征表现为规模较大的布格重力异常梯度带。在断裂带的两侧,其区域磁场、区域重力场无论是场值大小,还是异常规模以及各异常的展布形态等诸方面都具有明显的区别。地球物理特征揭示郯庐断裂带深部构造,为研究重点矿产分布规律及地震灾害预报具有重要的实际意义。     

渤海海域428潜山构造演化及其对油气成藏的控制

受多期构造运动影响,渤海海域428潜山的构造演化过程相对复杂。根据新三维地震和钻井资料,采用水平相干体技术,分析428潜山的地层结构和构造特征,探讨构造成因演化及其对油气成藏的影响。结果表明:研究区潜山东、西两个构造脊分别具有古生界和前寒武系、中生界和前寒武系双层结构特征;经历印支运动期的近SN向逆冲挤压、燕山运动早期的NW向继承性挤压、燕山运动中期的NW-SE向强烈伸展断陷、燕山运动晚期的NWW向挤压隆升,以及喜山运动期以来的伸展、走滑复合叠加改造,428潜山发育长期活动、早期活动和晚期活动3类断层,一系列网格状裂缝及多个不整合面改善潜山储层物性,增强油气输导能力。该结果为渤中坳陷区域内潜山油气勘探提供参考。     

苏鲁皖地区现今地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂带的活动特征

根据苏鲁皖地区１９５３～１９９５年多期精密复测水准资料，以及地质地貌构造背景，研究了苏鲁皖地区的地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂中南段现今的活动特征，获得如下结论：（１）横穿本区的郯庐断裂带的活动直接控制着本区的构造活动；（２）郯庐断裂的活动特征为张压交替；（３）约自１９５３年开始，苏鲁皖地区地壳运动的演化顺序为张→压→张→压；新的“压”性运动约始于１９９３年，目前正在加强；（４）郯庐断裂带近期运动性质为左旋走滑；（５）张、压运动并不处于同一方向上（彼此相差约４５°）。     

郯──庐断裂系的两期左行平移及其中生代时期演化史

郯─庐断裂系是欧亚大陆东缘一个重要的断裂系统，它的左行平移分两个时期完成：１．在印支期（Ｔ＿（２－３）），此时郯─庐断裂带为转换断层带；２．在晚侏罗世晚期到早白垩世（Ｊ－Ｋ＿１）。欧亚大陆东缘燕山早期广泛发育的线理走向为北西西向的推覆构造及我国东部燕山早期“Ⅰ”型花岗岩的北北东向带状分布，标志着太平洋板块在燕山早期是北西西向俯冲的。     

莱州湾凹陷东部走滑带盐相关构造特征

通过对盐相关构造变形样式的探讨,证明莱州湾凹陷东部走滑带盐相关构造的形成受到走滑作用和重力流动作用控制,以盐层沿层流动为主要特征,由南至北,盐层逐渐由过成熟底辟向盐枕过渡。莱州湾凹陷东部走滑带盐上构造有盐上断裂背斜、盐撤凹陷、龟背构造、翼部地层超覆和盐体遮挡构造;盐层构造有枕状底辟、盐株和外来盐席;推测盐下构造有早期古隆起。盐相关构造经历了发育-调整-成熟-再活动4个主要阶段。盐上构造圈闭控制了莱州湾凹陷东部走滑带的油气聚集。     

郯庐断裂带苏皖段重力变化的多尺度分解与构造活动分析

基于多期绝对重力与相对重力联测资料,获取不同时空尺度的郯庐断裂带苏皖段及周边地区重力场动态变化,采用小波多尺度分解方法计算不同深度的重力变化,结合区域地质构造,从深度层次的横向变化与时间尺度的纵向变化2个方面进行分析。结果表明,研究区重力变化主要由中、上地壳密度变化或断裂构造活动引起。沿郯庐断裂带苏皖段走向断裂活动分布不均,受周边深大断裂带交切作用的影响表现出明显的分段活动特征。淮阴-响水口断裂、滁河断裂等深大活动断裂带构造活动对局部重力变化具有一定的控制作用,沿断裂带走向分布有明显的重力变化梯度带;郯庐断裂带郯城-泗县段、大别山构造带霍山-六安及江苏溧阳-镇江地区在小波细节动态变化中存在重力变化梯度带异常区,但强度不高,考虑到多条深大断裂交切于此,后期需要重点关注。     

渤海湾沙北地区共轭走滑断裂带特征及其对油气的控制作用

利用三维地震、钻井和岩心薄片等资料,研究渤海湾沙北地区共轭走滑断裂的平面、剖面特征,分析走滑断裂对沉积体系、圈闭发育及油气运聚的控制作用。结果表明:共轭走滑断裂具有明显分期及分段特征,古近纪强伸展弱走滑,新近纪走滑加强;派生断裂与主走滑断裂搭接,形成平面呈马尾状、剖面呈花状的构造样式;主走滑断裂与边界断裂交汇形成断槽,是物源水系进入湖盆的主要通道,砂体沿走滑断裂走向富集。走滑断裂控制形成众多断块及断鼻圈闭,走滑应力决定圈闭规模及油气运聚。增压型构造圈闭面积大,侧封性好,有利于油气保存,是沙北地区下一步勘探有利目标。     

苏皖北部与辽南上元古界地球化学特征对比与郯庐断裂带平移问题

郯城—庐江断裂带平移是近年讨论较多的一个问题。作者在研究了苏皖北部和辽南晚元古代地层地球化学特征之后,发现两地区地球化学特征存在着明显的差异,它们不属于同一沉积盆地。因此,从地球化学角度看,郯庐断裂带不存在巨大平移。从区域构造和地球动力学考虑,晚元古代时期,华北地块东部的地壳波浪状锒嵌构造格局对剥蚀区与沉积区的展布及演化起着明显的控制作用。苏皖北部与辽南上元古界之间的地球化学差异性,在宏观上是构造差异性的物质表现。     

郯庐断裂带苏皖段及邻区b值时空特征研究

采用郯庐断裂带苏皖段及邻区近50 a的地震数据,在定量分析区域最小完备震级Mc和推导b值计算的极大似然法基础上,重点研究G-R关系,尤其是b值时空分布演化特征,并依据b值指示意义进行5级以上地震关联性和断裂带影响区域的构造应力分布状况分析.结果显示,依据b值的时间分布特征,研究区中强地震发生时段与中短期b值下降时段关联...     

多源遥感揭示的郯庐断裂带江苏段及邻区特征

借助可见光、微波、GPS和重力等数据从多源遥感视角对郯庐断裂带江苏段的地表出露形态、断裂带周边形变场和块体重力等特征进行研究,并辅以实地调查和探槽验证。结果表明：1）有争议的F5断裂南部应位于泗洪县后陈村,地表出露长度约为9 km,走向约为NNE12°;2）Sentinel-1A数据反演的断裂区地表形变场与普遍认为的第四纪以来郯庐断裂带右旋特性一致,且宿迁、新沂、泗县表现为沉降,邳州、睢宁、泗洪表现为隆升,断裂两侧水平和垂直向形变速率差分别约为4 mm/a和3 mm/a;3）GPS形变场分析表明,断裂两侧相对滑动约为1.4 mm/a,与微波结果的形变差异体现出近年断裂走滑运动呈加速状态;4）布格重力异常分析表明,断裂两侧重力分异明显,表现出西低东高的特征分异状态。该成果可为郯庐断裂带江苏段周边地壳块体形变、潜在孕震、发震等级和震灾防御等研究提供借鉴。     

河套盆地吉兰泰构造带狼山分支断层活动特征及其控藏作用

狼山分支断层是控制河套盆地吉兰泰构造带的主要断层,多口油气高产井油气成藏均与该断层形成演化关系密切。应用三维地震资料及钻井资料对狼山分支断层几何学特征、运动特征进行剖析,根据断距、断层产状变化,将狼山分支断层分为北、中、南3段;以反转断层理论为基础,明确断层反转类型及期次;采用地层趋势法建模,钻井声波时差点控校正法计算断层上下盘地层原始厚度,恢复断层古断距,总结出正断层、逆断层及负反转3类生长断层的6种不同的计算方法,分别定量计算不同沉积时期断层各段的活动速率。对断层北、中、南3段断层活动特征开展定量评价,根据平衡剖面对比及活动速率分析,认为狼山分支断层经历4个演化阶段,发育初期为3条倾向、走向不同的"孤立"断层;早白垩世李三沟组沉积时期分段逆冲,断层北段与中段"软连接";固阳组沉积时期各段逆断层均反转为正断层;古近纪至新近纪强烈伸展,断层北段与中段"硬连接"为1条断层;新近纪晚期至第四纪局部走滑扭动,断层3段正式连锁成为现今的连通大断层。断层在不同历史时期的活动对于上下盘沉积体系发育、圈闭形成与演化以及油气的运聚与成藏均有明显的控制作用。      

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THREE-DIMENSION CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND-DRIVEN CURRENT IN THE BOHAI SEA

Three- dimension (3-D) wind-driven currents in the Bohai Sea in both winter and summer are calculated by using a 3- D barotropic steady model, and the results are consistent with observed flow char -acteristics. Based on the results, 3- D characteristics of flow, currents at different depths, compensated flow in the lower layer , long and narrow alongshore current, the area of upwelling and downwelling, main circulation in vertical profile, and the current in Bohai Strait are discussed.     

THE DIVERGENCE-CONVERGENCE EFFECT OF SURFACE CURRENT AND ITS ACTION ON THE BOHAI SEA

The action of the wind field and the influence of topography can cause divergence or convergence of surface current. The existence of the divergence-convergence effect is proved and the dynamical significance of the divergent or convergent state and its link with many marine phenomena are pointed out. Divergence fields of surface current in the Bohai Sea in winter and summer are obtained by numerical modelling describing the divergence-convergence character of seasonally wind-driven current. The relation between the effect and seasonal marine phenomena is discussed. Study on the divergence-convergence effect of surface current (DCESC)can be an indirect method for testing the calculated results.     

SEDIMENT DISCHARGE OF THE HUANGHE RIVER AND ITS EFFECT ON SEDIMENTATION OF THE BOHAI SEA AND THE YELLOW SEA

The Huanghe (Yellow) River, with annual sediment discharge about 11 ×108tons, contributes about 17% of the fluvial sediment discharge of world's 21 major rivers to the ocean because its middle reaches flow across the great Loess Plateau of China. Sediment discharge of the Huanghe River has a widespread and profound effect on sedimentation of the sea. The remarkable shift of its outlet in 1128-1855 A.D. to the South Yellow Sea formed a large subaqueous delta and provided the substrate for an extensive submarine ridge field.The shift of its outlet in the modern delta every 10 years is the main reason why with an extremely heavy sediment input and a micro- tidal environment, the Huanghe River has not succeeded in building a birdfoot delta like the Mississippi. The Huanghe River has consistently brought heavy sediment input to sea at least since 0.7 myr.B.P. Paleochannels, paleosols, cheniers and fossils on the sea bottom indicate that the Yellow Sea was exposed during the late Quaternary glacial low-sea l     

Modeling study of seasonal variation of the pelagic-benthic ecosystem characteristics of the Bohai Sea

Based on experiment data of the Sino-German comprehensive investigations in the Bohai Sea in 1998 and 1999, a simple coupled pelagic-benthic ecosystem multi-box model is used to simulate the ecosystem seasonal variation. The pelagic sub-model consists of seven state variables： phytoplankton, zooplankton, TIN, TIP, DOC, POC and dissolved oxygen （DO）. The benthic sub-model includes macro-benthos, meiobenthos, bacteria, detritus, TIN and TIP in the sediment. Besides the effects of solar radiation, water temperature and the nutrient from sea bottom exudation, land-based inputs are considered. The impact of the advection terms between the boxes is also considered. Meanwhile, the effects of the micro- bial-loop are introduced with a simple parameterization. The seasonal variations and the horizontal distributions of the ecosystem state variables of the Bohai Sea are simulated. Compared with the observations, the results of the multi-box model are reasonable. The modeled results show that about 13% of the photosynthesis primary production goes to the main food loop, 20% transfers to the benthic domain, 44% is consumed by the respiration of phytoplankton, and the rest goes to DOC. Model results also show the importance of the microbial food loop in the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea, and its contribution to the annual zooplankton production can be 60%-64%.     

板桥凹陷大张坨断裂带构造特征及其成藏模式

大张坨断裂带是黄骅坳陷板桥凹陷最大的Ⅱ级断裂系统,对凹陷油气分布与富集具有重要影响.为了揭示大张坨断裂带与新生代油气成藏的关系,利用油区构造解析理论对断裂带的活动性、断裂构造样式及演化特征进行研究,综合断裂输导体系与断层两盘(上升盘、下降盘)的油气分布状况,建立板桥凹陷大张坨断裂带油气的断控成藏模式.结果表明:大张坨断层具有垂向分期、平面分段的活动特征,断层两盘派生大量次级断层,在断裂带内可识别阶梯型、"y"型、"y"型复合、多米诺式、对倾伸展型等5种构造样式,断裂活动贯穿于整个第三纪沉积史,构造演化具有明显的继承性.不同的断裂构造样式决定断层两盘油气运聚规律具有明显差异,形成不同成因类型与不同储量丰度的油气聚集单元.     

Seasonal cycle of topography in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and its relationships with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment based on altimetry data

Seasonal cycle is the most significant signals of topography and circulation in the Bohai Sea (BS)and Yellow Sea (YS) forced by prevailing monsoon and is still poorly understood due to lack of data in their interiors. In the present study, seasonal cycles of topography in the BS and YS and its relationship with atmospheric forcing and oceanic adjustment were examined and discussed using TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-I/2 Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) data. Analyses revealed complicated seasonal cycles of topography composed mainly of 2 REOF modes, the winter-summer mode (WlM) and spring-autumn mode (SAM). The WlM with action center in the BS displayed peak and southward pressure gradient in July, and valley and northward pressure gradient in January, which is obviously the direct response to monsoon with about l-month response time. The SAM with action center in the western south YS displayed peak and northward pressure gradient in October and valley and southward pressure gradient in April. After the mature period of monsoon, the action center in the BS becam eweakened while that in the western south YS became strengthened because of regional convergence or divergence induced by seasonal variations of the Taiwan Warm Current and Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The direct response of topography to monsoon resulted in the WIM, while oceanic adjustment of topography played an important role in the forming of the SAM.     

A numerical study of the wintertime circulation in the Northern Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea part I: Basic characteristics of the circulation

A numerical model is developed to explain the response of the shelf sea to the abrupt imposition of a steady, secular mean windstream field and the basic characteristics of the wintertime circulation in the Northern Huanghai Sea (Yellow Sea) and the Bohai Sea by using equidistant, staggered grid points, an implicit finite difference scheme and our new “splitting computational method” of adjustment, development, and dissipation processes. So far as the major tendency of the circulation is concerned, the numerical result agrees with the observational data. The computational results show that the eastern anticyclonic and the western cyclonic circulations constitute the main body of the wintertime circulation in the Northern Huanghai Sea, and that the northern anticyclonic and the southern cyclonic circulations constitute the main body of the wintertime circulation in the Bohai Sea. Contribution No. 1508 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica