单站单圈测距资料初轨计算的单位矢量法

根据单位矢量法测轨原理，在已知轨道面参数i，Ω的前提下，给出了一种适用于单站单圈测距资料的初轨计算方法．计算结果表明，方法是有效的．在没有测角资料或测角资料精度显著低于测距精度的情况下，有应用价值．     

转发器式卫星测轨方法

提出了转发器式卫星测轨方法。发射信号和接收信号的不同组合,形成不同模式的转发器式卫星测轨方法,并给出了不同模式下归算转发器式卫星测轨的公式。自发自收模式下的转发器式卫星测轨方法的观测和计算结果表明,定轨观测残差小于9cm。用转发器式卫星测轨方法,不但能给出高精度时间比对结果,而且能给出高精度卫星轨道和卫星预报轨道。     

一种有根数的约束的单位矢量法

本文在单位矢量法测轨原理的基础上,给出了一种根据已知的部分粗略轨道根数进行约束求解的实用测轨方法。该方法已经在实际工作中得到应用。大量的实测计算表明,该方法在观测资料较差时,能够较好地提高初轨计算收敛率,测轨精度也优于一般比典的初轨计算方法。     

星载GPS精密测轨研究及应用

星载ＧＰＳ定轨系统由于其全天侯、价格低、不受卫星高度的影响可达到米级、分米级乃至厘米级的测轨精度等特点已成为低轨道卫星精密定轨的要求,概述了星载ＧＰＳ系统的组成和定轨原理,给出了星载ＧＰＳ测轨的几种主要方法和数学模型,同时根据ＴＯＰＥＸ卫星星载ＧＰＳ实测数据分析了各种定轨方法的测轨精度以及影响定轨精度的各种因素。     

关于星—星跟踪与地面跟踪的联合定轨问题

关于航天器测轨问题,由天基网部分地代替地基网是目前航天测控的一个发展趋势,现已实现的利用全球导航系统（ＧＰＳ）和跟踪与数据中继卫星系统（ＴＤＲＳＳ）对低轨用户星的测轨手段就是如此。本文将阐述另一种类型的测轨模型和具体定轨方法,即一个中低轨卫星星座中的卫星与地面站的组合对星座中其它卫星进行定轨。     

一种适用于长弧段的初轨计算方法

根据单位矢量法测轨原理，在人造卫星初轨计算的单位矢量法基础上，给出了一种适用于长弧段的初轨计算方法．该方法既适用于长弧段，也适用于短弧段；适用于各种不同类型的观测资料和任意偏心率、任意轨道倾角的人造地球卫星；有利于提高初轨测定精度；并改善整个计算收敛性．特别需要指出的是，该方法与有摄初轨计算的单位矢量法相结合，为单位矢量法从初轨计算推广到轨道改进打下了坚实的基础．     

J77大气模型的修订和应用

Ｊａｃｃｈｉａ １９７７大气模型（简称Ｊ７７）发表后，Ｊａｃｃｈｉａ本人对模型进行了重大修订，这两个修订都是关于地磁活动引起的大气密度变化，为了比较分析修订后模型的改进情况，本文作者更新了Ｊ７７模型的软件，对每一步修订进行了详细的数值试验，并将其应用于高度为８００公里ＥＲＳ－１卫星的轨道计算，结果表明：修订后的Ｊ７７模型比其它大气模型在测轨精度上有明显改善。     

我国局部网对近地测地卫星定轨精度的估计

本文利用模拟观测资料，估计了中国卫星跟踪网对近地测地卫星定轨和测定一些跟踪站地心坐标所能达到的精度。同时分析了近地卫星定轨的主要误差源，如大气模型、地球引力场模型的不确定性和跟踪网站坐标的误差等所产生的影响。     

分布逼近的卡尔曼滤波及其在星载GPS卫星定轨中的应用

探讨了利用推广卡尔曼滤波估计非线性系统状态时存在的问题，进而简要介绍了目前自动控制领域广泛使用的分布逼近的卡尔曼滤波UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)，考虑到卫星定轨中系统的动态方程和量测方程存在严重非线性的情形，提出了将UKF用于星载GPS卫星定轨．实例计算结果表明，UKF的性能要优于推广卡尔曼滤波．     

Windows95环境下VisualC＋＋5.0对人卫测轨软件的调用

本文介绍了Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５ ．０ 与Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ ９０ 的各自特点,并结合人造卫星测轨程序的特点,详细地讨论了在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９５ 环境下Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｃ＋ ＋ ５ ．０ 对用Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ ９０ 编写的人卫测轨程序的调用。     

1.2米地平式望远镜指向模型的研究 (1.全天指向模型的建立)

介绍了云南天文台1.2米地平式望远镜用于天文观测和图像采集处理的方法,建立了新的、独特的全天指向模型,大大提高了该望远镜的指向精度,达到1″,并在多年的实际应用中得到验证。     

古气候记录指示的天文周期分析

利用西峰市以西16km处的巴家嘴黄土剖面的上新世以来的（6.2-2.5MaB.P.）磁化率和粒重及太平洋深海沉积物资料，用不同的数据分析方法，不仅得到地球轨道主要参数中（对应于偏心率、交角和气候岁差）的0.1Ma、0.041Ma和0.023Ma几个天文周期，而且还得到了0.20Ma、0.15Ma、0.08Ma和0.06Ma其他周期，它们都在80%置信度水平以上，此外，通过小波变换表明，所有这些周期呈现出时变特性，随不同的地质年代增强或逐渐消失，这说明古气候的变化受多种古环境的影响所致，近来提出0.1Ma周期变化不但和地球轨道偏心率有关，而且可能和星际尘埃粒子沉降速率和青藏高原的隆升有着密切的关系。因此，地球轨道参数变化影响气候长期变化只是其中一种因素。     

The interfringe intensity in coronal interferograms

The paper discusses the low contrast of the Fabry-Perot (FP) fringes observed in the interferograms of the solar corona. The various factors which affect the interfringe intensity of Fabry-Pérot line profiles are considered. The effect of continuum radiation on the interfringe intensity of Fabry-Pérot line profiles is calculated by assuming a coronal model. For the given FP, it was found that unless the ratio of line to continuum intensity (integrated line intensity to continuum per angström) is less than 10, continuum contribution has no significant effect on the fringe contrast. The analysis may be pertinent in the design aspects of a FP interferometer for astronomical observations. The excess interfringe intensity found in the coronal line profiles is interpreted as due to the presence of fast moving plasma components in corona along the line of sight. A detailed analysis qualitatively shows that the line excitation conditions existing in ambient corona and coronal loops are different in active regions while they are more similar in polar regions.     

FAST望远镜40米模型天文观测软件的开发

针对FAST的天文观测要求,对其天文观测软件进行了设计与开发。首先介绍了FAST天文观测的原理,对天文观测软件进行了需求分析。而后提出了馈源天文运动轨迹规划算法,并进行了仿真。针对其轨迹要求给出了控制方法,对天文观测控制软件进行了设计与实现。最后通过现场实地实验,验证了本文所提的算法与软件的可行性。     

2MASS近红外巡天点源表数据库的建立和使用

简要介绍2MASS近红外巡天计划．利用PHP动态网页编程语言及MySQL关系数据库查询语言建立2MASS点源数据库及其网络查询系统．并根据2MASS近红外巡天计划的科研成果，提出了一些利用该数据库可能开展的一些研究领域和研究方向．     

Enhanced management of personal astronomical data with FITSManager

Although the roles of data centers and computing centers are becoming more and more important, and on-line research is becoming the mainstream for astronomy, individual research based on locally hosted data is still very common. With the increase of personal storage capacity, it is easy to find hundreds to thousands of FITS files in the personal computer of an astrophysicist. Because Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a professional data format initiated by astronomers and used mainly in the small community, data management toolkits for FITS files are very few. Astronomers need a powerful tool to help them manage their local astronomical data. Although Virtual Observatory (VO) is a network oriented astronomical research environment, its applications and related technologies provide useful solutions to enhance the management and utilization of astronomical data hosted in an astronomer’s personal computer. FITSManager is such a tool to provide astronomers an efficient management and utilization of their local data, bringing VO to astronomers in a seamless and transparent way. FITSManager provides fruitful functions for FITS file management, like thumbnail, preview, type dependent icons, header keyword indexing and search, collaborated working with other tools and on-line services, and so on. The development of the FITSManager is an effort to fill the gap between management and analysis of astronomical data.     

Processing Method of Night-Time Cloudiness for Astronomical Site Selection

The cloudiness is one of the most important factors which affect the quality of an astronomical site, the monitoring and processing of the night- time cloudiness are especially important. The ground-based cloudiness camera is adopted to carry out the monitoring of the all-sky cloudiness, the images taken need to be processed by means of an effective method so as to quantize the cloudiness. The night-time cloudiness images are seriously affected by the moon- light, and therefore, the night-time cloudiness images are processed by dividing them into the moonlight and moonless two sorts. In the light of the condition of moonless night, the processing method of night-time cloudiness is given. The positioning and photometry of the bright stars in the image are conducted to determine their magnitude differences. By referring to the magnitude differences of the bright stars in the clear-night image, the probability of the bright stars of which the magnitude differences are lower than the threshold value are regarded as the probability standard of clear nights. Three sorts of images are selected to test the method. The cloudiness is determined, and the effect of the threshold condition on the result is analyzed. Finally, the applicable range and uncertainty of the method are discussed.     

A Multiscale Vision Model to Analyse Field Astronomical Images

We have implemented a multiscale vision model based on the wavelet transform to analyse field astronomical images. The discrete transform is performed by the à trous algorithm. The vision model is based on the notion of significant structures. We identify the pixels of the associated wavelet transform space (WTS) with the objects. For each scale a region labelling is carried out. An interscale connectivity graph is then established. In accordance with some rules that permit false detections to be removed, the objects and their sub-objects are identified. They define respectively trees and sub-trees in the graph. In this way, the identification of the WTS pixels of the tree related to a given object leads to the reconstruction of its image by the conjugate gradient method. The model has been tested successfully on simulated images of stars and galaxies which allow us to show the capabilities of the detection and restoration procedures of the model. Finally, tests on real images show that one can analyse complex structures better than with classical astronomical vision models.     

一种简而易制的二圆柱面反射式摄谱仪准直畸像系统

本文是对于摄谱仪准直畸像光学系统研究的继续和深入,认真分析了Wynne的卡焦摄谱仪畸像系统的设计思想,认为可以避免像他那样将畸像系统设置在卡焦前会聚光束中(致使畸像系统变得复杂),而设置在摄谱仪准直光路中更为合理.作者与蒋世仰教授曾首次提出了准直畸像系统的概念,现在对于其中所提的反射系统的工作有所推进,寻求得到了一种结构简单、易于制作的系统.它仅由两个圆柱面构成,是一种柱面的类Mersenne系统.文中说明了在一定的条件下可以由圆柱面代替柱面Mersenne系统的抛物柱面(该系统在中已被提出过)、这种类Mersenne系统既可置于折轴摄谱仪中,亦可置于卡焦摄谱仪中,且能在大直径准直光束中起较剧烈的畸像作用,当然也具有反射系统所固有的优点——接收更宽的波段,特别在非可见光区优于透射系统.给出的算例说明该系统的准直误差极小.     

Circumstellar molecular line absorption and emission in the optical spectra of post-AGB stars

We present preliminary results obtained with the European Observation Network. This network consists of 9 observatories in the Czech Republic, Germany and Bulgaria and has been involved in the BACODINE activities since April 1, 1994. We also discuss related problems such as the background of unknown variable stars and suggest a strategy for work in this area.