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10月13日．《地下水节水自律机制研究》通过验收，该课题在调查的基础上．分析了影响地下水区域节水自律的主要因素．提出了适宜地下水区域用水户的节水自律机制．并在元氏县节水型社会试点建设中进行了示范．研究成果对全国类似地区节水型社会建设具有借鉴意义。     

自律式农业节水机制的探讨

农业用水一直是用水大户,且用水效率不高,具有较大的节水潜力,大力发展农业节水是解决我国水资源短缺问题的必然选择。提出了自律式农业节水的概念,对我国推行自律式农业节水的影响因素进行了分析,从探索建立农民节水的激励机制、完善农业用水定额管理的约束机制、建立农民节水的社区驱动机制、完善农民节水的保障机制几方面提出了自律式农业节水发展机制的总体设想,并提出了几点相关建议。     

关于农民参与节水的研究

农业节水应置于社会经济的领域，从农民的价值取向出发，研究如何调动农民的积极性，让农民参与节水，以节水促进农业产业化。发展节水农业要由政府发挥宏观调控职能，制订有关节水政策，以促进节水机制和节水体系的形成。     

关于农民参与节水的研究

农业节水应置于社会经济的领域，从农民的价值取向出发，研究如何调动农民的积极性．让农民参与节水，以节水促进农业产业化。发展节水农业要由政府发挥宏观调控职能，制订有关节水政策，以促进节水机制和节水体系的形成。     

大型灌区节水改造规划中的几个侧重点

文章指出黑龙江省大型灌区节水改造规划应分别不同情况，侧重于以续延配套为主；以节水改造为主和细化田间工程设计以及灌区体制改革，形成高效节水机制为宜。     

构建太湖流域工业节水机制体系的思考

针对目前太湖流域在工业节水方面主要存在建设项目用水合理性论证深度不够、企业节水效益不明显、法规监管不到位和节水意识较淡薄等问题，通过调研和分析研究，提出了太湖流域工业节水机制体系，该机制体系包括：约束机制、保障机制、激励机制和动力机制等。建立太湖流域工业节水机制体系，有利于有效推动太湖流域工业节水方面的工作，有利于减少污水排放，提高水资源的利用率。     

干旱区灌溉绿洲农业节水潜力形成机制与评估方法

农业节水潜力及其尺度效应是干旱区灌溉绿洲关心的焦点问题之一，对绿洲农业生产、水资源高效利用及生态健康至关重要。针对当前农业节水潜力计算及尺度效应形成机制不清等问题，本文明确了取水节水与耗水节水的概念及内涵，提出节水潜力问题不能忽略灌溉水外溢支撑的生态耗水及效益;从水循环视角解析了干旱灌溉绿洲农业灌溉水分在农田及农田之外的转化与消耗机制，分析了不同节水措施对水循环过程的影响机制，揭示了农业节水的尺度效应及其伴生生态系统响应背后的水循环机理;以此为理论基础，提出了不同环节、不同尺度农业节水潜力的计算方法，剖析了植株-田间-灌溉单元-绿洲不同尺度农业节水量的转化关系及转化项;最后提出了以植被健康、河湖稳定、水盐平衡为生态健康约束，基于水循环模型定量评价灌溉绿洲不同节水潜力的计算方法，能够为绿洲全局视角下科学评估农业节水潜力及影响提供新的思路和技术方法。     

河北省人民政府办公厅关于推进农业水价综合改革的实施意见

正为贯彻落实《国务院办公厅关于推进农业水价综合改革的意见》(国办发〔2016〕2号)精神,进一步建立健全农业水价形成机制,促进农业节水和农业可持续发展,结合我省实际,建立健全合理反映供水成本、有利于节水和农田水利体制机制创新、与投融资体制相适应的农业水价形成机制;农业用水价格总体达到运行维护成本水平,农业用水总量控制和定额管理普遍实行,可持续的精准补贴和节水奖励、水权流转机制基本建立,先进适用的农业节水技术措施普遍应用,农     

东方互联生态科技有限公司：等级评定为灌溉行业构建了准入机制

在长期的灌溉产品经营和灌溉工程建设实践中，东方互联生态科技有限公司积累了丰富的经验，赢得了广泛的赞誉，但我们也清醒地认识到，企业不规范操作和市场无序竞争给行业发展带来了一定的负面影响。随着农业节水灌溉的不断推进，构筑政府有效监管、行业严格自律、企业行为规范的市场环境已经迫在眉睫。等级评定工作为灌溉企业提供了一种证明自己资质的途径，构建了灌溉行业的准入机制，为企业的健康发展提供了明确的方向，有助于促进灌溉行业的产业结构优化。等级评定还为用户提供了选择产品的依据，为有关部门提供了可靠的执法依据。     

湖南省节水型社会建设对策探讨

节水型社会建设是控制用水总量、提高用水效、减少污水排放的重要措施和平台,是实行最严格水资源管理制度的关键。以制度建设为核心,建立以水权、水市场理论为基础的水资源管理体制,形成以经济手段为主的节水机制,建立起自律式发展的节水模式,通过全面推进节水型社会建设,将不断促进发展方式转变及产业结构调整和升级显著提高水资源利用效率和效益,控制水资源需求过度增长,有效节约水资源,缓解资源环境约束,减少水资源开发利用对当地水环境及生态的影响,实现水资源的高效利用、合理配置和有效保护,保障水资源的持续利用对社会经济发展的永续支撑。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…