胸部节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 探讨胸部节细胞神经瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对该病的诊断和鉴别诊断能力.方法 回顾性分析20例经手术病理证实的胸部节细胞神经瘤的临床、CT(14例)、MR(6例)平扫和增强扫描及所有病理学资料.结果 20例胸部节细胞神经瘤中,发生于后纵隔17例、侧胸膜2例、右侧整个胸腔1例.14例肿瘤平扫CT值20～40 HU,平均30.5 HU,4例伴有小结节状钙化,1例伴有斑片状脂肪密度影;动脉期增强CT值0～12 HU,平均6.2 HU,延迟期增强10～20 HU,平均14.3 HU.MRI检查5例在T1 WI上为均匀低信号,1例在T1WI上低信号内夹杂斑片状高信号脂肪影;T2WI上6例为不均匀高信号,其中1例呈旋涡状征象;增强后动脉期呈轻度不均匀强化,延迟期逐渐进行性轻度强化.结论 增强后CT及MRI显示肿瘤在动脉期不强化或轻微强化、延迟后逐渐轻度强化是胸部节细胞神经瘤的特征性表现.     

节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI诊断

目的 探讨CT和MRI在诊断节细胞神经瘤中的价值.方法 回顾性分析19例经病理证实的节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI影像学表现及临床资料,其中15例行CT增强扫描,4例行MRI扫描(3例增强).结果 所有病灶均为单发.1例位于颈部,7例位于后纵隔,3例位于腹膜后间隙,8例位于肾上腺.边界均清楚,形态多呈椭圆形或不规则形.CT平扫呈均匀或不均匀低密度,动脉期无明显强化,静脉期呈渐进性不均匀强化.4例病灶内见斑点状、结节状钙化.MRI表现为T1WI低信号,T2WI不均匀高信号为主,增强后不强化或轻度强化.2例病灶内呈现"漩涡征".结论 节细胞神经瘤的生长方式及影像学表现具有一定的特征性,CT延迟增强及MRI扫描对其诊断和鉴别诊断有很大的价值.     

节细胞神经瘤的影像诊断及病理分析

目的探讨CT及MRI在诊断节细胞神经瘤中的价值,旨在提高诊断的准确率。方法收集并分析30例节细胞神经瘤患者的CT及MRI影像与临床资料,并与病理结果进行对照。结果29例为单发病灶,另1例位于颈1/2椎管内病灶为双侧发病。后纵隔12例,椎管内外5例,后腹膜3例,肾上腺8例,淋巴结2例。CT平扫呈均匀或不均匀性低密度影,低于邻近肌肉密度,增强扫描动脉期病灶轻度强化或无强化,静脉期及延迟期可见持续性不均匀强化。6例肿瘤内见弧形、斑点状钙化。MRI平扫T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈稍高/高信号为主,增强后呈轻至中度渐进性强化。结论节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性。当发生于后纵隔、腹膜后、肾上腺、椎管内外及淋巴结等部位时又具有相对的特异性,了解这些共性与个性,对进一步提高该病诊断的准确性非常有价值。     

腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤的影像学特征

目的分析腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤的 CT 和 MRI 表现,总结其影像学特征.资料与方法经手术病理证实的27例腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤患者中,21例行多层螺旋 CT 检查,9例行 MRI 检查.观察 CT、MRI 平扫和增强时肿瘤的特征性改变.结果27例腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤边缘规则光整,直径多在5~10cm之间,CT 平扫肿瘤呈实性或囊实性.CT 增强后动脉期轻至中度强化10例,主要呈云絮状、索条状强化;动脉期9例可见纤细血管显影.门脉期及延迟扫描轻度渐进性强化13例.MRI 平扫呈不均匀长 T1长 T2影,DWI 呈高信号,4例可见靶征改变,增强后门脉期及延迟呈渐进性强化.无一例发生淋巴结转移.结论腹膜后良性神经鞘瘤影像学表现具有一定特异性,CT 结合 MRI 检查及多期增强扫描对其诊断有一定价值.     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT特征研究

目的研究分析肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT特点,以提高对本病的认识和诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的肾上腺节细胞瘤的CT表现。结果肿瘤位于右侧13例,左侧4例,均为单发,大小1.5~7.2cm,平均(4.2±1.9)cm,呈椭圆形、类圆形或不规则形,边缘清晰,斑点状钙化4例,囊变1例。平扫CT值28.0~43.8HU,平均(33.6±4.7)HU;增强后动脉期均无明显强化,CT值21.5~49.4HU,平均(37.3±6.8)HU;静脉期多轻度强化,CT值27.9~62.2HU,平均(45.0±9.7)HU;其中5例增强后动脉期及静脉期均无强化。术后对13例患者进行3~48个月随访(平均15月),2例复发,复发时间分别为术后9、12个月。结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤CT平扫边界清晰,密度低于周围肌肉,增强后呈轻度延迟性强化或无强化。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT、MRI表现及病理对照

目的：总结分析肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT和MRI表现,提高对本病的认识。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的19例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤患者的CT和MRI表现。15例患者行CT平扫及增强扫描,5例患者行MRI扫描,其中l例患者同时行CT和MRI检查。结果：19例病灶均为单发,位于右侧肾上腺者14例（73．6％）,左侧肾上腺者5例（26．3％）。病灶最小者为2．0cm×2．0cm,最大者为10cm×7．0cm。肿瘤边界清楚,CT平扫密度低于肌肉组织,CT值20～30HU,增强扫描动脉期无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。2例（10．5％）肿块边缘见点状钙化。5例行MRl扫描的病例中,病灶T1wI呈低信号,T2wl呈高或稍高信号,增强扫描动脉期病灶无明显强化,静脉期、延迟期呈轻度强化。结论：CT、MRI能很好地显示肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学特点,并能清晰显示病灶与周围组织结构的关系,有助于和肾上腺其他病变的鉴别。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT诊断价值

目的分析肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的CT表现及其血液动力学特征，以提高其诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤7例，术前均经CT平扫及增强扫描，复习CT扫描结果并和手术病理作对照分析。结果7例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤中，右侧6例，左侧1例。肿瘤直径3．7～7．5cm，平均4．6cm。肿瘤平扫cT值16．2—31．7HU，平均24．3HU；动脉期增强CT值20．9—36．6HU，平均30．2HU；门静脉期增强CT值27．4～45．5HU，平均36．0HU。所有肿瘤边界清楚，瘤体自身受压变形4例，形成伪足样尖角3例。5例肿瘤推移下腔静脉，其中，2例瘤体部分包绕下腔静脉，所有病例下腔静脉形态均正常。肾上腺节细胞神经瘤呈嵌入性生长，容易推移或包绕但不压迫邻近血管。结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤动态增强呈进行性轻度延迟强化，但动脉期强化轻微，类似囊性肿瘤。CT平扫和动态增强扫描对于此病的诊断有明显的价值。     

原发性腹膜后节细胞神经瘤影像分析

目的:分析腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的特征影像表现,提高其诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的腹膜后节细胞神经瘤的影像表现。结果:所有肿块均边界清楚,其中3例呈铸型或嵌入生长,1例侵犯椎间孔;2例可见小斑点钙化;超声显示3例呈轻度不均匀性低回声,内可见条索状间隔回声;1例不均匀低回声内见血流信号。CT平扫呈均匀性低密度,CT增强扫描1例无明显强化;2例动脉期包膜轻度强化,其中1例无延迟强化,1例呈进行性延迟强化;2例动脉期包膜及间隔轻度强化,并见包膜及间隔轻度延迟强化。MRI T1WI呈均匀性低信号,T2WI呈不均匀性高信号,增强扫描后呈轻度强化。结论:CT、MRI诊断节细胞神经瘤优于超声;当其出现特征影像表现时,需要考虑节细胞神经瘤的诊断。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MSCT与多普勒超声表现

目的总结肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MSCT和超声表现,进一步提高对本病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析8例经手术和病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的MSCT和超声征象。结果8例病变均单侧发病,MSCT表现:8例MSCT平扫均表现为肾上腺区密度均匀的软组织肿块影,5例肿块边缘受压变形,3例外观呈较规整的椭圆形,其中4例不规则形和1例椭圆形肿块边缘可见伪足样尖角。8例CT值14.9~34.3HU,平均CT值25.3HU,8例肿块边缘均较清楚,5例下腔静脉可见较明显的受压推移。8例病变动脉期强化轻微,CT值19.5~37.8HU,平均30.1HU,静脉期CT值23.3~39.8HU,平均32.5HU,延迟期CT值27.5~40.9HU,平均36.1HU。8例三期动态增强扫描整体呈渐进性轻度强化,5例于静脉期及平衡期可见肿块内线条状强化影。超声表现:8例于患侧肾上腺区探及低回声结节,回声均匀;CDFI示5例病变内见少许斑点状血流信号,3例未见明显血流信号。8例形态均较规则,边界均较清楚,包膜回声较强且连续完整。结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤具有较强的MSCT和超声征象,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学表现

目的探讨肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像学表现,以提高该病的诊断准确性.资料与方法回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的肾上腺节细胞神经瘤的影像特点.结果15例肾上腺节细胞神经瘤中,11例行 CT 平扫及增强检查, CT 平扫8例呈均匀低密度,3例呈不均匀低密度;7例病灶内可见钙化,以散在点状或小斑块状钙化为主;增强扫描后2例病灶未见明显强化,9例病灶表现为不均匀轻、中度进行性强化,2例增强后可显示包膜.5例行 MRI 检查,病灶呈稍长 T1不均匀长 T2信号,反相位无信号减低,DWI 呈等低信号,4例增强后呈渐进性轻、中度强化,1例表现为较明显的不均匀团块状强化,4例T2WI 及增强后可显示完整包膜.结论肾上腺节细胞神经瘤一般表现为渐进性轻、中度强化,CT 可见散在点状钙化,MRI 可清晰显示包膜及内部组织成分,二者结合可对大多数病变作出正确的术前诊断.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Die rechtsmedizinische Identifizierung — Bedeutung und Beweiswert —

Zusammenfassung Bei der rechtsmedizinischen Identifizierung kann die Identität im strengen Sinn allenfalls bei lebenden Personen festgestellt werden; sonst läßt sich nur von Teilen auf das Ganze (vom Untersuchungsobjekt auf die Person) schließen, wobei die verschiedenen Merkmale des Untersuchungsobjektes entsprechend der Hdufigkeit ihres Vorkommens eine unterschiedliche Beweiskraft haben. Bei der Schädelidentifizierung mit Hilfe moderner photographischer oder elektronischer Superprojektionsverfahren ergeben sich unter Berücksichtigung der Weichteildicken so viele (fiktive) Vergleichspunkte, daß bei geeignetem Vergleichsmaterial (Photographien) Identität wegen der Vielzahl übereinstimmender Bezugspunkte in den meisten Fällen evident ist.     

Imaging of abdominal nodal spread in malignant disease

This is a review of the role of imaging procedures for the assessment of abdominal and pelvic lymph nodes. The diagnosis of malignant lymphatic spread is rarely the sole purpose of imaging, because it is usually part of a general abdominal examination, most frequently with CT or US, or increasingly with MRI. These studies are often requested in order to obtain information about the situation to be encountered during surgery, or to alert the surgeon to irresectability or to unexpected metastases outside the initially planned area of exploration. In most surgically treated tumours the role of imaging for preoperative staging is limited, due either to its insufficient sensitivity or because the initial treatment is independent of the lymph node stage. Imaging is commonly used to verify treatment response to chemo- or radiotherapy and for follow-up.Correspondence to: S. Delorme