PET纤维对β-成核聚丙烯结晶行为与力学性能的影响

以β-成核PP为基体,加入PET纤维和PP接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MA),经熔融共混、破碎、注塑加工成样条,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)、冲击试验机和电子万能材料试验机分别对复合材料的结晶与熔融行为和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:由于存在高效的β-成核剂,加入PET纤维对β-成核PP的结晶行为影响较小,β晶含量虽有下降但保持在85%以上;加入PET纤维后,材料的冲击强度有所下降,但拉伸强度和弹性模量显著提高。PP-g-MA增容可减少PET纤维对PP结晶行为的影响,使β晶含量提高到90%以上,而且材料的拉伸强度、弹性模量和冲击强度同时获得较大的提升。     

碳酸钙高填充聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂处理碳酸钙,用以制备聚丙烯复合材料,从而达到降低成本的目的。通过万能力学试验机、熔体流动速率试验机、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜等研究碳酸钙的加入对材料力学性能、流动性能、熔融温度等性能的影响。     

PP/CaCO_3复合材料的制备及用于加固混凝土抗弯性能的研究

通过熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/碳酸钙(PP/CaCO_3)复合材料。利用电子万能试验机、冲击试验机、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和熔融流变仪等测试复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR)、力学性能等。结果表明:在CaCO_3的添加量为5%时,MFR增加近20%,PP基体的加工流动性明显改善,复合材料的结晶度得到提升,材料的冲击强度最大,达到2.2 kJ/m~2,断裂为韧性断裂。加入适量的CaCO_3可以有效增强PP的综合性能。同时,将改性后的PP纤维应用于混凝土的增强,混凝土的弯曲承载力提高近24.14%。     

无水硫酸钙晶须对PP复合材料的熔融结晶和力学性能的影响

制备了无水硫酸钙晶须(ACSW)填充聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,通过差示扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜、力学性能测试等手段研究了ACSW对PP复合材料的熔融结晶和力学性能的影响。结果表明,ACSW的加入会细化聚丙烯的晶粒,质量分数低于20%的ACSW提高了PP的结晶温度、熔融温度和结晶速率,降低复合材料的拉伸强度;质量分数大于20%的ACSW能提高PP复合材料β晶成核效率和PP的结晶速率,降低复合材料的拉伸强度。当ACSW质量分数为25%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度较纯PP增加了66%。随着ACSW的含量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度先增加后降低,并在ACSW质量分数为10%时达到了最大值。     

剑麻纤维素微晶增强聚丙烯复合材料的性能研究

以硅烷偶联剂(KH550)改性后的剑麻纤维素微晶(SFCM)为增强材料改性聚丙烯(PP),以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为二者的相容剂,采用熔融共混法制备PP/SFCM复合材料,研究了SFCM对PP/SFCM复合材料的力学性能、耐热性、流动性及熔融结晶行为的影响。力学性能测试表明,SFCM的加入可有效改善PP的强度和刚性,当SFCM的质量份数为9份时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度和拉伸模量分别提高了15.3%和22.6%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了24.6%和35.4%,缺口冲击强度提高了14.9%。热性能及流动性能测试表明,SFCM可提高PP/SFCM复合材料的维卡软化温度,而降低材料的熔体流动速率。DSC研究表明,SFCM可提高复合材料的熔融温度、结晶温度及结晶度。     

乙丙嵌段共聚物改性PP/EPR共混物

以乙丙嵌段共聚物(EP)作为增容剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)共混物,通过冲击试验机、电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、平板流变仪、熔体流动速率仪等,研究了EP添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能、分散相聚集态结构及加工性能的影响。结果表明,EP对PP/EPR共混物具有良好的增容作用,降低了PP相的熔点和结晶规整性,提高了PP相的结晶温度和结晶度,当EP质量分数为8%时,分散相EPR粒子直径最小、PP和EPR相容性最好,此时共混物的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,加工性能最好。     

EPR添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响

以二元乙丙橡胶(EPR)作为增韧剂,采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/EPR共混物,采用冲击试验机、电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、熔体流动速率仪等分析研究了EPR添加量对PP/EPR共混物力学性能和形态结构的影响。结果表明:PP与EPR具有良好的相容性,随着EPR添加量的增加,PP相的熔点和结晶规整性降低,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度提高;当EPR添加量达到30%时,PP/EPR共混物悬臂梁缺口冲击强度急剧升高,体系发生明显的脆韧转变。     

聚丙烯/纳米二氧化硅复合材料性能的研究

通过熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯/纳米二氧化硅(PP/Nano-SiO2)复合材料,利用微机控制电子万能试验机、液晶式摆锤冲击试验机、差示扫描量热仪、毛细管流变仪和扫描电子显微镜研究Nano-SiO2粉体表面改性前后和添加适量增容剂对PP/Nano-SiO2复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:Nano-SiO2粉体对基体PP有异相成核作用,使PP/Nano-SiO2复合材料结晶放热峰明显向高温方向移动;在经偶联剂(KH560)表面改性并添加适量增容剂(PP-g-MAH)协同作用下,Nano-SiO2粉体与PP两相界面的相互作用增强,PP/Nano-SiO2复合材料的相容性提高;冲击强度提高76%,剪切应力随着剪切速率的增大而提高,表观黏度随剪切速率和温度的提高而逐渐降低,改善了复合材料的加工性能。     

增容剂对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO_3复合材料性能与形态的影响

采用熔融混合法制备了PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料,并利用万能试验机、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了PP-g-MAH含量对PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料力学性能、结晶性能与界面形态的影响。结果表明:随着增容剂PP-g-MAH含量的增加,PP/PP-g-MAH/CaCO3复合材料的拉伸强度从25.7 MPa增加到32.0 MPa,弯曲强度从34.7 MPa增大到41.2 MPa;结晶温度则先增大后逐渐减小,当PP-g-MAH含量为2%时结,晶温度为123.9℃,结晶度为44.7%;而断裂伸长率和冲击强度逐渐减小。     

增容剂对短切GF增强PP复合材料性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了短玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,加入不同种类和含量的马来酸酐接枝物以改善PP和GF的相容性,制备出既增强又增韧的GF增强PP复合材料。利用熔体流动速率(MFR)仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)仪、热变形温度(HDT)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和万能试验机对所制备的材料进行分析测试。结果表明,加入马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃弹性体(POE-g-MAH)和马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)均能增大复合材料的MFR,改善加工流动性;相比PP/GF复合材料,加入1份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT提高了5℃,加入1份PP-gMAH的复合材料的HDT提高了14℃;而加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料的HDT远远高于加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料。加入短GF能够提高PP的结晶度,加入少量(1份或2份)PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH均能提高复合材料的结晶温度和起始结晶温度,具有异相成核的作用。通过SEM观察发现,加入两种接枝物均能增加GF表面附着的聚合物,提高GF与PP的粘附力;加入2份POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH的复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量最佳,相比PP/GF复合材料,分别提升25.1%和25.9%,38.0%和40.3%,13.9%和19.2%;常温(23℃)和低温(-20℃)简支梁缺口冲击强度分别提升76.6%和55.0%,42.2%和30.6%。两种接枝物均能提高GF增强PP复合材料的力学性能,且加入2份POE-g-MAH的复合材料不仅表现出与加入2份PP-g-MAH的复合材料相近的拉伸和弯曲性能,而且具有更优异的冲击性能。     

多元复合高流动性聚丙烯的制备与性能

研究了滑石粉(Talc)及偶联剂用量、均聚聚丙烯(PP-H)与马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)及PP-H对高流动性共聚聚丙烯(PP)性能的影响;比较了在填充20%Talc的共聚PP中分别添加PP-g-MAH和PP-H的复合体系力学性能及流变性能的变化规律。结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂用量为1%(相对于Talc)时,所得Talc填充共聚PP综合性能最佳;当Talc用量大于10%时,共聚PP/Talc复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、熔体流动速率随Talc含量的增加而逐渐下降,弯曲模量则逐渐提高;PP-g-MAH对高流动性共聚PP的拉伸强度增强效果明显优于PP-H,PP-H则使共聚PP的熔体流动性明显下降。     

Utilization of Recycled Polypropylene for Production of Eco-Composites

Renewable raw materials and recyclable thermoplastic polymers provide attractive eco-friendly quality as well as environmental sustainability to the resulting natural fiber reinforced composites. We studied the possibility of using the recycled polypropylene (PP) for production of composites based on kenaf fibers (KF) and rice hulls (RH) as reinforcements. Polypropylene/rice-hulls (PP/RH/CA) and polypropylene/kenaf (PP/K/CA) composites with 30% fiber (filler) content and appropriate compatibilizing agent (CA)—a maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP), have been prepared by two steps procedure: melt mixing and compression molding. Flexural strength and thermal stability of the composites with recycled PP were similar to those with neat PP. The composites reinforced with kenaf fibers have shown better properties than those based on rice hulls. The flexural strength of the composite sample with recycled PP is 51.3 MPa in comparison with 51.1 MPa for the composite with neat PP. Degradation temperatures of neat and composite with recycled PP at residual weight 90% are 344.4°C and 343.5°C, respectively. The results obtained report the possibility of utilization of recycled PP for the production of natural reinforcements based composites with good mechanical characteristics for using as construction building materials in housing systems.     

Effect of titanate coupling agent on electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and mechanical properties of PC–ABS–NCF composite

Nickel-coated carbon fibers (NCF) treated with a coupling agent (CA) have been used for preparing composites of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile—butadiene—styrene (ABS) (90/10%) by melt blending. These composites have been evaluated for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE), mechanical properties, dispersion, and adhesion of the polymer to a filler using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). There is an improvement in the EMI SE, tensile strength, and impact strength of the composite when the carbon fiber is coupled with titanate CA. In loading NCF in composite, the optimum concentration of the CA Lica 38 used is about 2.0 phf combined with 1.5 phf calcium stearate (Ca.st.) (on the weight percentage of fillers); the composite can reach an SE of 50 dB by the coaxial transmission line test method.     

尼龙短纤维增强PVC流动性研究

用尼龙-6短纤维增强PVC,研究了纤维长径比、用量、表面处理及纤维与基体树脂共混条件对复合材料流动性的影响。发现用自制的封闭异氰酸酯增粘体系(TDI)处理纤维所得复合材料的流动性优于用其它增粘体系。     

Effect of surface treatment of carbon fiber on the electrical and mechanical properties of high-impact polystyrene composite

Carbon fiber (CF), PU(polyurethane)-coated carbon fiber (CF-PU) and Ni-coated fiber (NCF) treated with a coupling agent (CA) were used to prepare composites for high impact polystyrene (HIPS) by melt blending. The optimum concentration of the titanate CA is 1.5 phf (per hundred parts of filler) when coupled with the carbon fibers. A composite prepared by adding a CA directly into the matrix which was then reinforced with fibers was investigated for comparison. These composites were evaluated for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, dispersion, and adhesion between the polymer and the filler by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of CA generally improved the shielding effectiveness; this is especially apparent when the matrix was pretreated with CA before compounding with the fibers. The tensile properties were also improved upon CA addition.     

Parameters regulating interfacial and mechanical properties of short glass fiber reinforced polypropylene

The performance of thermoplastic composites is known to depend on the intrinsic properties of the two composite components, the quality of the fiber–matrix interface, and the crystalline properties of their matrix. The objective of this work is to characterize the effect of the addition of modified polypropylene (PP) and silane coupling agent on the mechanical and interfacial properties of short fiber reinforced PP composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), single fiber composite fragmentation tests (SFC), and mechanical testing are used to understand the different parameters regulating the interfacial properties of composites. No influence of the modified PP on the level of crystallinity is observed. Some differences in the size of the spherulites are observed for acrylic acid grafted PP (PP‐g‐AA). Those samples also show lower mechanical properties in spite of good interfacial interactions. Maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAh) leads to better mechanical performances than PP‐g‐AA. A high MAh content PP‐g‐MAh grade with low viscosity is the best polymeric additive used in the present work. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 2047–2060, 2000     

长玻璃纤维增强尼龙6的力学性能研究

采用一种新的熔融浸渍工艺制备了长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料,研究了玻纤含量、玻纤长度分布对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,在玻纤质量分数为50％时复合材料的拉伸强度为234MPa,弯曲强度为349MPa,弯曲弹性模量为11．4GPa,缺口冲击强度为313J／m,综合力学性能明显优于短玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料。     

Performance of long glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites at different injection temperature

Long glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites were prepared using self‐designed impregnation device. Effects of the different injection temperature on mechanical properties, crystallization, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of long glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites were discussed. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that the melting peak temperature of PP/LGF composites gradually reduced, however, the crystallinity of PP/LGF composites gradually increased with increasing injection temperature. Thermo‐gravimetric analyzer (TGA) results demonstrate that with increasing injection temperature, the temperature of the PP/LGF composites melt increased, the viscosity of the PP/LGF composites melt lowered, the mold filling of the PP/LGF composites melt was easy, the shear force of glass fiber was relatively low, which made the residual length of glass fiber in products increase. Dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer (DMA) results show that the storage modulus of PP/LGF composites is the highest while the injection temperature is at 290°C, and the peak value of tan σ of PP /LGF composites at 290°C is minimal, which indicates that the mechanical properties of PP /LGF composites at 290°C is the best. What' more, the injection temperature at 290°C significantly ameliorated “glass fiber rich skin” of products of glass fiber‐reinforced composites. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:233–238, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能研究

采用熔体浸渍技术制备了长玻璃纤维母料(LGF/PP-g-MAH/PP)增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料(LGF/PP)。通过双螺杆挤出机制备了同等配比的短玻纤增强聚丙烯(SGF/PP)复合材料。研究了LGF含量、环氧树脂(EP)和固化剂(2E4MZ)对LGF/PP复合材料的力学性能影响。结果表明:当LGF质量分数为35%～40%时,LGF/PP的综合力学性能最好,且明显优于同样组成的SGF/PP复合材料。EP和含固化剂(2E4MZ)的EP对LGF/PP复合材料的力学性能提高有一定的作用。SEM照片分析表明:EP的加入能改善玻纤与聚丙烯基体的界面粘接。     

Improving delamination resistance of carbon fiber reinforced polymeric composite by interface engineering using carbonaceous nanofillers through electrophoretic deposition: An assessment at different in-service temperatures

In this article, modification of carbon fiber surface by carbon based nanofillers (multi-walled carbon nanotubes [CNT], carbon nanofibers, and multi-layered graphene) has been achieved by electrophoretic deposition technique to improve its interfacial bonding with epoxy matrix, with a target to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. Flexural and short beam shear properties of the composites were studied at extreme temperature conditions; in-situ cryo, room and elevated temperature (−196, 30, and 120°C respectively). Laminate reinforced with CNT grafted carbon fibers exhibited highest delamination resistance with maximum improvement in flexural strength as well as in inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) among all the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CE) composites at all in-situ temperatures. CNT modified CE composite showed increment of 9% in flexural strength and 17.43% in ILSS when compared to that of unmodified CE composite at room temperature (30°C). Thermomechanical properties were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis. Fractography was also carried out to study different modes of failure of the composites.