激光高速熔凝Ni-33%Sn过共晶合金组织演化

分别采用连续激光及脉冲激光高速熔凝Ni-33%Sn过共晶合金。结果表明,经连续激光熔凝后熔池内组织由α-Ni+β-Ni3Sn规则层片共晶、未完全熔化的β-Ni3Sn颗粒,以及部分重熔的β-Ni3Sn枝晶组成,经脉冲激光熔凝后熔池内为完全的α-Ni+β-Ni3Sn规则层片共晶。两种方式熔凝后,熔池内组织较基材均明显细化,随着激光扫描速度的增大,共晶层片间距逐渐减小。当激光扫描速度达到1 000 mm/s时,仍未出现规则层片共晶向非规则反常共晶组织的转变,结合TMK模型分析,同时与相同生长速度下的深过冷实验对比,揭示快速生长并非产生反常共晶形成的充分条件。     

深过冷Ni-Sn亚共晶合金的组织演化

采用熔融玻璃净化法+循环过热法,考察了Ni-28%Sn、Ni-30%Sn亚共晶合金在不同过冷度下的冷却曲线和组织演化规律。结果表明,成分偏离共晶成分较近的Ni-30%Sn合金比成分偏离共晶成分较远的Ni-28%Sn合金更易获得较大的过冷度,更易于出现再辉过程;同时,深过冷凝固情况下,两种成分的凝固组织差别较大。同Ni-30%Sn合金凝固组织相比,Ni-28%Sn合金的层片状(α-Ni+Ni3Sn)规则共晶组织容易被抑制,非规则反常共晶形成困难,初生α-Ni枝晶组织粗大,依附在其周围生长的Ni3Sn晕环组织更易大范围的形成。     

激光快速熔凝过程中Ni-Sn合金的组织演变

采用激光快速熔凝技术对4种成分Ni-Sn合金进行处理,研究了Ni-Sn合金在熔凝过程中的组织演变。结果表明,与温度梯度相比,激光扫描速度对Ni-Sn合金形貌的影响作用更大。通过建立模型计算出的Ni-Sn合金一次枝晶间距为15.38μm,与实验结果相一致。     

快速凝固Ni-Sn共晶合金的组织与力学性能

采用单辊实验技术研究了Ni-32.50%Sn共晶合金的急冷快速凝固组织,测试了合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,分析了冷却速率与合金组织及力学性能之间的关系.研究结果表明,在急冷快速凝固条件下,Ni-32.5% Sn共晶合金形成了全部的不规则共晶组织.随着冷却速率的增大,合金组织明显细化,均匀性提高,不规则共晶和等轴晶的数量增多,细晶强化作用增强,NiSn共晶合金的抗拉强度增大,伸长率降低.     

γ/γ'-αMo定向共晶合金激光快凝的微观组织研究

对γ/γ'-αMo定向共晶合金进行激光快凝实验.结果表明,激光快凝后,合金组织细化,偏析减少,硬度显著提高.在激光脉冲平行于定向共晶生长方向时,熔凝区重新生长出更细密的定向共晶组织;激光脉冲垂直于定向共晶生长方向时,熔凝区由更致密的胞状晶和枝晶组成.在熔凝区的枝晶组织中,枝晶臂由γ固溶体及从该固溶体析出的细小γ'相组成;枝晶间由含有γ'的γ固溶体和富Mo亚稳相的共晶组成,亚稳相包括[αMo(ordered)],Ni3Mo和[Ni3Mo(ordered)].     

γ/γ′-αMo定向共晶合金激光快凝的微观组织研究

对γ/γ′-αMo定向共晶合金进行激光快凝实验.结果表明,激光快凝后,合金组织细化,偏析减少,硬度显著提高.在激光脉冲平行于定向共晶生长方向时,熔凝区重新生长出更细密的定向共晶组织;激光脉冲垂直于定向共晶生长方向时,熔凝区由更致密的胞状晶和枝晶组成.在熔凝区的枝晶组织中,枝晶臂由γ固溶体及从该固溶体析出的细小γ′相组成;枝晶间由含有γ′的γ固溶体和富Mo亚稳相的共晶组成,亚稳相包括[αMo（（ordered））],Ni3Mo和[Ni3Mo（（ordered））].     

钛合金表面激光熔敷Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi耐磨涂层组织与耐磨性能

以Ti-50Ni-10Si合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在钛合金BT9基材表面制得由Ti2Ni3Si初生树枝晶和枝晶间Ti2Ni3Si／NiTi共晶组织组成的耐磨材料涂层，研究了涂层的显微组织及室温耐磨性能。结果表明，该涂层在室温干滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能和良好的载荷特性。     

激光表面熔凝处理对共晶铝硅合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

研究了共晶铝硅合金在激光表面熔凝处理后的显微组织变化及激光表面熔凝处理对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明,激光表面熔凝处理使试验合金的表层微观组织发生显著变化,熔凝层中的初生α-Al枝晶相和共晶Si相均有明显细化,熔凝层的硬度显著提高;在应力比R为0.1和0.5的试验条件下,激光表面熔凝处理能显著提高共晶铝硅合金的疲劳裂纹扩展抗力.     

急冷条件下Ni-Pb偏晶合金的相分离研究

采用单辊法实现了Ni-Pb偏晶合金的快速凝固,分别制备出直径40～400μm的合金粒子和宽约4mm、厚30～50μm的合金条带.在急冷快速凝固条件下,Ni-8%Pb亚偏晶合金由Ni和富Pb相组成.Ni以枝晶方式生长,富Pb相分布于枝晶间隙.随着冷却速率的增大,凝固组织显著细化,晶体形态经历由粗大枝晶向细小等轴晶的转变.在快速凝固过程中,Ni-60%Pb过偏晶合金的液相分离在很大程度上被抑制,合金粒子和条带均可获得均匀弥散的快速凝固组织.在冷却速率相近的条件下,合金粒子和条带的凝固组织与晶粒尺寸具有相似相近性,冷却速率是决定合金凝固组织的本征物理参量.     

单晶镍基高温合金DD8激光快速熔凝组织

DD8单晶镍基高温合金经激光扫描快速熔凝后, 熔池表面宽度随扫描速率增加变窄; 一次枝晶间距随冷却速率增加而减小. 分析表明: 熔凝后元素的枝晶偏析不明显, 合金成分趋于均匀. 熔凝后的凝固形态由熔池底部到表面依次为准平面凝固、胞状凝固、胞枝状凝固和细密枝晶凝固. 准平面和胞状凝固区由γ固溶体及弥散γ'相 (20 nm) 组成. 在胞枝晶和枝晶凝固区, 枝晶间出现一种高Ti含量条状相. 在过渡区, γ固溶体及γ'相皆部分熔凝, 未全溶的γ'相成为熔凝再析出弥散γ'相的核心, 过渡区γ'相呈堆状分布.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。