中医肝脏常见四证评定量表的初步研究

目的编制中医肝脏常见四证(肝阳上亢证、肝胆湿热证、肝火上炎证、肝气郁结证)的评定量表,为四证提供有效的证候识别及疗效评定工具。方法根据心理学评定量表及WHO生活质量量表的研究方法,通过文献研究、大样本流行病学调查资料的回顾、专家讨论、条目分析及经验性筛选等方法建立量表,通过对448例患者的测试,对量表的信度和效度进行了考核。结果编制出由14项条目组成的肝阳上亢证评定量表,由13项条目组成的肝胆湿热证评定量表,由14项条目组成的肝火上炎证评定量表,由10项条目组成的男性肝气郁结证评定量表,和由14项条目组成的女性肝气郁结证评定量表。5个量表的分半信度系数介于0.683～0.863,克朗巴赫α系数介于0.8123～0.8992。因子分析显示量表的结构效度良好。结论初编中医肝脏常见四证的评定量表均具有较好的信度和效度,对于四证的证候识别和疗效评价有一定的临床应用价值。     

《抑郁症中医证候要素辨证量表》的信度和效度研究

目的评价《抑郁症中医证候要素辨证量表》的信度和效度。方法收集232例抑郁症患者,采用测量重测信度、分半信度和内部一致性信度来评价信度,利用标准关联效度、结构效度评价效度。结果各证候要素的重测相关系数在0.612~0.977之间,总量表的Cronbach’sα系数为0.892,分半信度为0.849,Kappa系数在0.689~0.892之间,因子分析结果 8个公因子与预想的结果大体一致,累积贡献率为53.43%。结论《抑郁症中医证候要素辨证量表》具有较好的信度和效度。     

小型猪脾虚痰浊证模型评价量表研制与考评

目的:编制小型猪脾虚痰浊证模型评价量表,并对其进行信度和效度考评。方法:依据中医证候理论,以小型猪粪便性状、划痕、等待喂食行为、皮毛光泽、鼻盘颜色为条目,建立量表,并对其信度(包括内部一致性信度、重测信度)、效度(包括内容效度、结构效度和区分效度)进行考评。结果:信度方面,便溏维度克朗巴赫α系数为0.742,总表克朗巴赫α系数为0.523;重测信度除等待喂食行为外,其他条目相关系数均0.7(0.745~1)。效度方面,除鼻盘颜色条目外,其他条目之间相关系数在0.137~0.608,其他条目与量表总分相关系数均0.4(0.479~0.727);量表提取3个公因子,累计贡献率为80.165%;量表对脾虚痰浊证模型小型猪评测总分为(3.26±1.65)分,明显高于正常组(1.17±0.76)分,能够很好区分出脾虚痰浊证模型小型猪(P0.05)。结论:小型猪脾虚痰浊证模型评价量表的信度和效度都达到了量表标准,可用于小型猪脾虚痰浊证模型评价。     

基于不明原因慢性咳嗽患者报告临床结局中医证候量表的编制与考评

目的：编制并考评适用于不明原因慢性咳嗽的基于患者报告临床结局中医证候量表。方法：通过文献查询、核心小组讨论等构建量表条目,形成初步量表;进行预调查,通过统计学方法对条目进行再筛选,形成最终量表;从信度和效度两方面对量表进行考评。结果：最终形成具有6维度、28个条目的量表。信度分析中,该量表总克朗巴赫α系数为0.842,分半信度分别为0.748和0.842,相关系数为0.760;效度分析中,因子分析提取6个公因子,累积方差贡献率为66.806%,而确定的6个公因子代表的维度与临床实际相符合。结论：该量表具有较好信度、效度,可尝试作为慢性咳嗽的中医证候辨证量表。     

简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表初步编制

目的编制简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表,为中医、中西医结合提供临床筛查、评估抑郁症的工具。方法采用临床流行病学调查、条目分析及经验性筛选等方法建立量表,通过对454例受试者的测量(307例抑郁症患者,147例健康人对照),从75项未经临床检验的条目中最终筛选21项条目,编制简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表。结果量表Cronbach’sα为0.915,重测相关系数是0.916,分半信度系数为0.894,因子分析显示量表结构效度较好。结论简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表具有较好的信度和效度。     

虚寒证量表的信度和效度分析

目的：评价虚寒证量表的信度和效度,以提高中医量表制定水平。方法：根据中医虚寒证临床辨证症状学的调查资料,通过对1000例受试者的测量,筛选40项条目,编制成中医虚寒证量表。采用奇偶分半法,测量分半信度;计算Cronbachsα系数测量内部信度;以Kappa和ICC判断评判者信度;通过相关分析及t检验测量判别效度;通过因子分析判别结构效度。结果：量表的Cronbachsα系数为0.8942,各项的Cronbachsα系数均大于0.65;分半信度在0.83以上;Kappa值为0.7330;ICC为0.73;因子分析显示量表结构效度好。结论：中医虚寒证量表具有较好的信度和效度。     

视功能指数(VF-14)量表的修订及其信度效度检验

目的评价视功能指数(VF-14)量表用于白内障患者的信度和效度。方法以面访的形式调查门诊和入院治疗的白内障患者137例,用重测信度、Cronbach’α系数、结构效度等对问卷进行评价。结果各条目重复测量的ICC值在0.7896～0.9123,量表的Cronbach’α系数分别为0.8137;分半信度系数分别为0.7827。表明量表的重测信度、分半信度和内部一致性良好。量表的判别效度良好。结论VF-14具有较好的信度和效度。     

简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表初步编制

目的编制简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表,为中医、中西医结合提供临床筛查、评估抑郁症的工具.方法采用临床流行病学调查、条目分析及经验性筛选等方法建立量表,通过对454例受试者的测量(307例抑郁症患者,147例健康人对照),从75项未经临床检验的条目中最终筛选21项条目,编制简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表.结果量表Cronbach's α为0.915,重测相关系数是0.916,分半信度系数为0.894,因子分析显示量表结构效度较好.结论简明抑郁症中医证候自评量表具有较好的信度和效度.     

城市老年人生命质量量表的编制与考评

目的编制一套适合测评我国城市老年人生命质量的量表.方法通过文献查阅法、访谈法、专家咨询法等确定条目池,并进一步形成初始量表.采用变异度法、相关系数法、因子分析法、逐步回归法对初始量表进行条目筛选,由保留的条目组成最终的测试量表.并对该量表进行信度和效度评价.结果初始量表共包括60个条目,经统计学筛选后,保留了34个条目,对其重新分类最终形成一个包含生理、心理、社会三个维度共34+1个条目的测试量表.量表的分半信度系数为0.7977,总量表及生理、心理、社会维度的Chronbach's α系数分别为0.8974,0.8054,0.8057,0.7783.总量表、生理、心理、社会维度两次测定问重测信度系数分别为0.83,0.76,0.86,0.80.通过因子分析,提取12个公因子,解释方差总变异的72.3%.因子负荷在0.3771～0.8268之间.结论该量表具有较好的信度和效度,对城市老年人生命质量的测评具有一定价值.     

中医慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自报告量表的考核

[目的]考察具有中医特色的适用于慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)的患者自报告量表(TCMPRO-COPD)的信度、效度。[方法]考察量表的重测信度、分半信度和同质信度,内容效度、结构效度、区分效度。[结果]TCMPRO-COPD由27个条目组成,涵盖疾病特征、证候要素、七情相关、活动受限和社会活动5个领域,经临床250例病例对比分析,量表平均完成时间8.85 min,重测信度、分半信度较好,克朗巴赫系数α(Cronbach’α)为0.899,量表内部一致性较好;量表内容效度和结构效度,与健康人显示良好的区分效度。[结论]TCMPRO-COPD具有较好的信度、效度,可应用于COPD的中医生存质量评价,同时在因子分析方面暴露出量表维度结构存在不足,需进一步研究和微调。     

Development and evaluation of a Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome questionnaire for measuring sub-optimal health status in China

OBJECTIVE:Sub-optimal health status(SHS),in which a person’s mind and body exists in a low-quality state of being between disease and health,has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored in China.SHS measurement presents a challenge to the academic fields.We developed and evaluated a questionnaire from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) that embodies the features of TCM syndrome diagnosis for measuring SHS in China.METHODS:The construction of the theoretical framework of the questionnaire was based on a literature review,an expert questionnaire survey and group interviews.The subscales and questionnaire items were screened through a pilot study using statistical means and qualitative analysis.Reliability tests that were used included test-retest reliability,Cronbach’s α coefficient,split-half reliability;validity tests included content validity,criterion validity,discrimination validity and construct validity.RESULTS:The final questionnaire,the SHSQ-50,included 50 five-class quantifiable items that encompassed nine subscales:liver stagnation syndrome,liver-Qi deficiency syndrome,spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome,liver-fire syndrome,heart-fire syndrome,stomach-fire syndrome,heart-Qi deficiency syndrome,lung-Qi deficiency syndrome and dampness syndrome.Questionnaires were completed by 268 of the 288 SHS subjects(93.0%) and by 86 of the 94 healthy subjects(91.5%).The Cronbach α coefficients,split-half coefficients and stability coefficients ranged from 0.70 to 0.95,0.67 to 0.87 and 0.88 to 0.98,respectively,for the overall scores and subscales.The Wilcoxon rank test showed statistically significant differences in the subscales and overall scores between the SHS group and the healthy group(P<0.01).Twelve factors with an eigenvalue greater than one were extracted by factor analysis and merged into nine factors,for which the cumulative contribution rate was 63.63%.The nine factors were corresponded to the overall structure of the questionnaire.CONCLUSION:The SHSQ-50 is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring TCM syndrome diagnosis of SHS in China.     

住院患者心理评定量表的初步编制

目的 初步编制一个适合中国社会文化背景、符合心理测量学要求的简易住院患者心理状况评定量表.方法 以应激相关理论为基础在文献分析及访谈的基础上构建了住院患者心理评定量表的理论因子及初步的预测试进行条目筛选.对长沙市600名住院患者测试及信效度分析.结果 住院患者心理评定量表包括恐惧、焦虑、抑郁、愤怒和认知功能五个因子共35个条目,量表的Cronbach's α系数、分半相关信度及重测信度分别为0.941,0.902和0.851.各因子与总分间的相关系数为0.643～0.903.且相关均具有显著性(P<0.01),PSI总分与SCL-90的相关系数为0.732.结论 该量表各项信效度指标基本达到了心理测量学要求,可以作为评定住院患者心理状况的测评工具.     

中文修订版生命意义量表在大学生中应用的信效度

目的 评价中文修订版生命意义量表(MLM-CR)测量中国大学生生命意义感的适用性.方法 用MLM-CR、生命满意度量表(SWLS)、生活目的量表(PIL)和病人健康问卷-2(PHQ-2)对1035名大学生进行施测,对MLM-CR进行项目分析、验证性因素分析和信度、效度检验.结果(1)MLM-CR的23个项目鉴别指数均在0.7以上(r=0.753~0.838,P<0.001);(2)验证性因素分析所得结构方程模型具有良好的拟合度(χ2/df=3.4;GFI=0.946;AGFI=0.924;RMR=0.069;NFI=0.953;CFI=0.966;RMSEA=0.048),结果支持MLM-CR具有兴奋感、成就感、原则性、目的性、价值感的五因子结构;(3)MLM-CR总量表Cronbachα系数为0.942,各因子的Cronbach a系数在0.782~0.877之间;MLM-CR总量表的分半信度为0.920,各因子的分半信度在0.752~0.830之间;MLM-CR总量表的重测信度为0.871,各因子的重测信度在0.783~0.805之间;(4)MLM-CR与SWLS,PIL和PHQ-2的效标相关分别为0.666,0.755,-0.388;(5)大学生MLM-CR总均分为(5.20±0.90),总体生命意义感处于中等偏上水平,女生的生命意义感高于男生(P<0.001).结论 MLM-CR具有良好的信、效度,适用于综合地反映个体的生命意义感.     

我国口腔执业医师资格考试信度和效度研究

目的：为评价我国口腔执业医师资格考试的质量,对该考试的信度和效度进行了研究。方法：信度研究采用同质性信度、分半信度和再测信度等指标,效度研究采用内容效度、结构效度和效标关联效度等指标。结果与结论：口腔执业医师资格考试的信度良好,具有一定效度。     

类风湿关节炎中医证候量表条目筛选简

目的：制定类风湿关节炎中医证候量表,应用多种统计学方法筛选并优化条目。方法：采用横断面调查法,对符合纳入标准的201名类风湿关节炎患者实施问卷调查,运用频数分析法、因子分析法、相关系数法、逐步回归分析、克朗巴赫系数法和重复测量等筛选方法对资料数据进行分析。结果：通过多种方法的联合应用,最终保留了35个四诊条目,构成了类风湿关节炎中医证候量表。结论：条目的筛选,可综合运用多种统计学方法,掌握保留条目的尺度,才能保证量表有良好的信效度。     

Development and Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Fire-Heat Syndrome Scale in Oral Cavity for Measuring Chinese Herb Toothpaste

Objective: To formulate the standard measuring tool for the evaluations on ?re-heat syndrome in oral cavity by means of Chinese medicine (CM). Methods: The measuring scale for fire-heat syndrome in the oral cavity by means of CM was investigated by symptom collection, item pool formulation, item selection, pre-investigation, evaluations on the reliability, validity and reactivity of the measuring scale, according to the principles for measuring scale design and under the guidance of CM theories. Results: The measuring scale was composed of two integrative parts: the self-?lling section and the interview section. As far as the reliability was concerned, the total Cronbach α coef?cient of the measuring scale was 0.866, the total test-retest reliability coef?cient was 0.726 and the split-half reliability coef?cient was 0.851. As far as the validity was concerned, the scores for the subjects of fire-heat syndrome in oral cavity and healthy people in their oral cavity in the items of symptoms were statistically different (P<0.01); three common divisors were extracted according to the theoretical dimensions, the accumulated contribution rate was 63.468%. As far as the reactivity was concerned, the difference between the symptom scores before and after the test in which 3. subjects used the Chinese herb toothpaste was statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions: This measuring scale has relatively good reliability, validity and reactivity, and it can be used in an objective quantitative evaluation on patients suffering from ?re-heat syndrome in oral cavity, and thus lay the foundations for the evaluations on the therapeutic effects of Chinese herb toothpaste on ?re-heat syndrome in oral cavity.     

Developing a Subjective Evaluation Scale for Assessing the Built Environments of China's Hygienic City Initiative

Objective To develop a preliminary subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China's Hygienic City Initiative and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods The initial items of the scale were determined based on a review of policy documents and consultations with experts. The final items of the scale were confirmed through individual interviews with residents combined with the discretetrend method, critical ratio method, correlation coefficient method, and factor analysis method. Then, the dimensions of the scale were determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Cronbach's α coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Results A scale containing five dimensions with 22 items was established, including urban lifestyle, governance, basic functions, environmental sanitation, and amenities. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.876, and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.796. The CFA results indicate that each inspection level was within the standard limit. Conclusion The preliminarily subjective evaluation scale for assessing the built environments of China's Hygienic City Initiative demonstrates a high level of reliability and validity. Additional empirical studies should be carried out to further verify the value of the scale in terms of practical application.     

湿疹患者生活质量量表的编制和考评

目的 编制湿疹患者生活质量量表.方法 编制湿疹患者生活质量初始量表,采用初始量表对湿疹患者进行实测,收集有效问卷351份.采用5种方法进行条目分析,由保留条目组成量表测试版.并对量表进行信度和效度考评.结果 (1)编制出28个条目的 湿疹生活质量量表(eczema quality of life scale,EQOLS),分别属于由疾病、心理、生理、社会4个维度和1个反应总体生活质量的条目.(2)EQOLS总量表重测信度0.912,Cronbach's α系数0.935,分半信度系数0.905.(3)EQOLS总分与皮肤病生活质量指数(Dernmatology Life Quality Index,DLQI)总分、病情(eczema area and severity index,EASI)评分值、反映总体生活质世条目A43值,相关系数分别为0.795,0.805,0.812,(P＜0.01).患者治疗1周前后EQOLS值有显著差异(P＜0.01).(4)验证性因子分析:拟合优度的卡方检验X~2/df=2.211,比较拟合指数CFI=0.902,非正规划指数NNFI=0.892,近似均方根残差RMSEA=0.059.结论 EQOLS具有较好的信度、效度,可以用于湿疹患者生活质量的测评.