Physiotherapy,based on the Bobath concept,may influence the gait pattern in persons with limb‐girdle muscle dystrophy: a multiple case series study

Background and Purpose. There are few studies on possible effects of physiotherapy for adults with muscular dystrophy. The aim of this study was to examine if treatment based on the Bobath concept may influence specific gait parameters in some of these patients. Methods. A single‐subject experimental design with A–B–A–A phases was used, and four patients, three with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and one with fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), were included. The patients had 1 hour of individually tailored physiotherapy at each working day for a period of 3 weeks. Step length, step width and gait velocity were measured during the A–B–A–A phases by use of an electronic walkway. Walking distance and endurance were measured by use of the ‘6 minute walk test’. Results. The three LGMD patients, who initially walked with a wide base of support, had a narrower, velocity‐adjusted step width after treatment, accompanied with the same or even longer step length. These changes lasted throughout follow‐up. Moreover, two of the patients were able to walk a longer distance within 6 minutes after the treatment period. The fourth patient (with FSHD) had a normal step width at baseline, which did not change during the study. Conclusions. The results indicate that physiotherapy treatment based on the Bobath concept may influence the gait pattern in patients with LGMD. However, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy to patients with muscular dystrophies, we call for larger studies and controlled trials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gait outcome following outpatient physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept in people post stroke

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gait cycle of patients with hemiplegia before and after a period of outpatient physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept.

Methods. Nine patients, at least 6 weeks post stroke and recently discharged from a stroke unit, were measured before and after a period of outpatient physiotherapy (mean duration = 17.4 weeks). Therapy was documented using a treatment checklist for each patient. The primary outcome measures were a number of gait variables related to the therapists' treatment hypothesis, recorded during the gait cycle using the CODA motion analysis system. Other secondary outcome measures were the Motor Assessment Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale, subtests of the Sodring Motor Evaluation Scale, the Step test, a 10-m walk test, the Barthel Index and the London Handicap Score.

Results. Recovery of more normal gait patterns in the gait cycle (using motion analysis) did not occur. Significant changes in temporal parameters (loading response, single support time) for both legs, in one kinematic (dorsiflexion during stance) and one kinetic variable on the unaffected side (hip flexor moment), and most of the clinical measures of impairment, activity and participation (with the exception of the Modified Ashworth Scale and the 10-m walk) were noted.

Conclusions. Study findings did not support the hypothesis that the Bobath approach restored more normal movement patterns to the gait cycle. Further research is required to investigate the treatment techniques that are effective at improving walking ability in people after stroke.     

Gait outcome following outpatient physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept in people post stroke

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gait cycle of patients with hemiplegia before and after a period of outpatient physiotherapy based on the Bobath concept.

Methods. Nine patients, at least 6 weeks post stroke and recently discharged from a stroke unit, were measured before and after a period of outpatient physiotherapy (mean duration = 17.4 weeks). Therapy was documented using a treatment checklist for each patient. The primary outcome measures were a number of gait variables related to the therapists' treatment hypothesis, recorded during the gait cycle using the CODA motion analysis system. Other secondary outcome measures were the Motor Assessment Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale, subtests of the Sodring Motor Evaluation Scale, the Step test, a 10-m walk test, the Barthel Index and the London Handicap Score.

Results. Recovery of more normal gait patterns in the gait cycle (using motion analysis) did not occur. Significant changes in temporal parameters (loading response, single support time) for both legs, in one kinematic (dorsiflexion during stance) and one kinetic variable on the unaffected side (hip flexor moment), and most of the clinical measures of impairment, activity and participation (with the exception of the Modified Ashworth Scale and the 10-m walk) were noted.

Conclusions. Study findings did not support the hypothesis that the Bobath approach restored more normal movement patterns to the gait cycle. Further research is required to investigate the treatment techniques that are effective at improving walking ability in people after stroke.     

Fatigue induced changes to kinematic and kinetic gait parameters following six minutes of walking in people with multiple sclerosis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of 6?min of walking on fatigue, exertion and spatiotemporal, kinematic and kinetic gait parameters in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Thirty-four people with MS with moderate levels of disability completed measures of fatigue, exertion and instrumented gait analysis before and after 6-min trials of rest and walking (using a modified 6-min walk test, m6MWT). Ten age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed analysis before and after the m6MWT. Results: The MS group had a significant increase in self-reported fatigue following the m6MWT; however, there was no effect on spatiotemporal gait parameters. During stance on the more affected side ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact decreased, while knee and hip flexor moments and hip power absorption increased. On the less affected side ankle and knee power absorption, and hip extensor moment all increased. Healthy controls showed increases in joint kinetics likely due to increased walking speeds following m6MWT. Conclusion: For people with MS, ankle dorsiflexion angle reduces at initial contact following walking induced fatigue, while increased power absorption at the hip, knee and ankle indicate gait inefficiencies that may contribute to higher levels of fatigue and exertion.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• The modified 6-min walk test (m6MWT) leads to significant increases in self-reported fatigue and exertion in people with MS.

• Following the m6MWT, there is significantly reduced ankle dorsiflexion angle at initial contact in the more affected leg in people with MS. This reveals an important walking-induced kinematic change that should be the target of future orthotic and strengthening interventions.

• In people with MS, increased power absorption primarily during the stance phase of gait following the m6MWT reveals important walking-induced muscle weakness that should also be monitored in future strengthening and gait retraining interventions.

     

Bobath球训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡和步行能力的影响

目的:探讨用Bobath球训练偏瘫患者躯干、骨盆及下肢,对其改善运动功能、平衡、日常生活活动能力及步行能力的影响。方法:将48例偏瘫患者随机分为对照组和观察组各24例,2组均进行常规康复治疗,而观察组则在常规训练基础上增加Bobath球训练患者的躯干、骨盆及下肢。治疗前后分别采用简化Fugle mayer评定法（FMA）、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、10m步行时间(10MWT)、6min内步行距离测定(6MWT)、Holden步行功能评定(FAC),以及改良Barthel指数(MBI)进行评定。结果：治疗4周后,2组患者FMA、BBS、MBI、FAC与6MWT评分均较治疗前明显提高（P＜0.01）,且观察组更高于对照组（P＜0.05）,2组10MWT较治疗前明显减少（P＜0.01）,且观察组更低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在常规康复训练的基础上进行Bobath球训练偏瘫患者,可以改善其运动功能、平衡功能和日常生活活动能力,提高其步行能力。     

基于Bobath理念的核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童运动功能的影响

目的:观察基于Bobath理念的核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑性瘫痪(SCP)儿童运动功能的影响。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年9月在南京医科大学附属儿童医院康复医学科治疗的SCP儿童124例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组62例。对照组给予常规康复治疗,主要包括抗痉挛(关节活动、被动牵拉)、作业、语言、按摩、运动训练(躯干旋转、髋内收、骨盆旋前及控制、肢体活动、站坐及平衡、提腿行走、屈膝),1次/d,40 min/次,6 d/周,共持续治疗3个月。观察组在对照组基础上给予基于Bobath理念的核心稳定性训练,主要包括静态训练(髋伸展、髋膝踝屈曲、点支撑、桥式等)和动态训练(划桨、躯干支撑、躯干旋转、追视玩具等),1次/d,80 min/次,6 d/周,共持续治疗3个月。于治疗3个月后采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评估痉挛状态;于治疗前及治疗1、3个月后采用Peabody精细运动发育量表(PDMS-FM)评估精细运动功能,采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)评估粗大运动功能,采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评估平衡能力,采用日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)评估日常生活能力。结果:治疗前,2组PDMS-FM、GMFM-88、BBS和ADL评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗3个月后,观察组痉挛改善有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,2组治疗1、3个月后PDMS-FM、GMFM-88、BBS、ADL评分均明显提高;与治疗1个月后比较,2组治疗3个月后PDMS-FM、GMFM-88、BBS、ADL评分均明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组治疗后同一时间点比较,观察组PDMS-FM、GMFM-88、BBS和ADL评分均明显更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于Bobath理念的核心稳定性训练可改善SCP儿童痉挛状态及运动功能,提高平衡功能及日常生活活动能力,值得临床推广。     

下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中偏瘫侧膝关节本体感觉的影响

目的:观察下肢康复机器人辅助步态训练与常规物理治疗对脑卒中患者偏瘫侧膝关节本体感觉影响的差异性。方法:选取脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者29例,按随机数字表法随机分为下肢康复机器人治疗组(15例)和对照组(14例)。对照组接受常规物理治疗,治疗组在常规物理治疗的基础上增加下肢康复机器人训练。两组患者均于治疗前及治疗3周后应用被动定位被动复位(passive reproduction of passive positioning protocol,PRPP)、运动变化阈值(threshold to detect passive motion,TDPM)的方法测量偏瘫侧膝关节本体感觉位置觉、运动觉,以及站立位前伸试验(standing forward reach test,SFRT)、躯干平衡量表测试(trunk impairment Scale,TIS),并比较。结果:两组患者经不同治疗后,发现机器人治疗组偏瘫侧膝关节45°目标PRPP(7.5±1.08)°、15°目标PRPP(14.9±2.71)°,伸膝TDPM(5.4±1.98)°、屈膝TDPM(4.3±1.25)°,SFRT(11.1±1.72)cm,TIS动态坐位平衡(8.4±0.21)分、协调性(3.4±0.32)分、总分(17.1±1.81)分。机器人治疗组较治疗前及对照组均有明显改善,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。但两组患者75°目标PRPP及TIS静态坐位平衡无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:下肢康复机器人辅助步态训练能显著改善脑卒中患者偏瘫侧膝关节本体感觉及平衡功能,对改善肢体功能、提高患者生存质量具有重要意义。     

Changes in gait and symptoms after bilateral pallidotomy: a client with Parkinson's disease

A single‐subject, time‐series design was used to describe a female with young‐onset Parkinson's disease who, after a period of 15 years, was demonstrating long term side effects of medication in addition to the progression of Parkinson's disease. She underwent a bilateral pallidotomy to address these problems. Prior to her surgery, her spatiotemporal gait kinematics were measured at intervals before and after medication ingestion. The identical procedures were undertaken one month and at four months post‐pallidotomy. In all three sessions, the Webster Scale scored her symptoms while her medication was not working (Off) and again when effective (On). After surgery, she was interviewed to obtain a qualitative impression of the outcome. Before the surgery, the gait parameters demonstrated a fluctuating profile. Forty‐five minutes post‐medication, her gait parameters approached normal levels but significant dyskinetic movements were evident. Her Webster Scale scores indicated advanced Parkinson's disease particularly when Off. One‐month post‐pallidotomy, her gait parameters were more consistent with dyskinesias mildly present. Her Webster Scale scores were reduced while both Off and On. Four months post‐pallidotomy her gait parameters were entirely consistent and within normal limits. Her Webster Scale scores were the same Off and On and no dyskinesias were detectable. The excellent result was probably enhanced by the patient's dedication to regular exercise designed to minimize secondary physical complications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原发性震颤患者的平衡功能及相关因素分析

目的:探讨原发性震颤(ET)患者步态和平衡功能特点,有助于更加全面地认识ET.方法:选取ET患者(研究组)和健康志愿者(对照组)各80例纳入研究,采用六项平衡信心活动量表(ABC-6)评估患者的平衡信心,采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评估患者步态和平衡功能,收集患者过去一年中跌倒次数及几近跌倒的次数.结果:根据ABC-...     

The effect of a task-specific locomotor training strategy on gait stability in patients with cerebellar disease: a feasibility study

Purpose: There is a lack of evidence-based recommendations for the physiotherapeutic intervention specifically for locomotor training in patients with cerebellar ataxia. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility and effect of a more specific rehabilitation strategy that aims to improve gait quality in patients with cerebellar ataxia.

Methods: Nineteen patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia were recruited to participate in the study. The patients participated in a 12-week locomotor training program, two times per week for 1.5?h per session (a total of 24 training sessions). The treatment approach emphasized the relearning of proper gait movement strategies through intensive practice that enhances the patient's perception and control of the essential components of normal gait movement.

Results: A quantitative analysis of step-by-step gait performance indicated that postural sway during locomotion was reduced, and the gait movement pattern became more consistent after the 12-week locomotor training program. These improvements in gait stability persisted over the 3-month period following intervention.

Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that learning-based rehabilitation strategies targeting disease-specific locomotion symptoms may be helpful for reducing ataxic gait and improving motor control during walking in patients with cerebellar dysfunction.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Physiotherapeutic interventions that aim to promote gait stability in cerebellar patients need to create a specific learning context that improve disease-related gait deficits.

• It is desirable to use explicit instructions to facilitate the conscious awareness and control of body center and posture.

• As patients reacquire the fundamental gait ability, providing training experience with various locomotor tasks that facilitate the transfer of learning may be helpful to increase generalizability of locomotor intervention.

     

Gait re-education based on the Bobath concept in two patients with hemiplegia following stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This case report describes the use of gait re-education based on the Bobath concept to measure the changes that occurred in the gait of 2 patients with hemiplegia who were undergoing outpatient physical therapy. CASE DESCRIPTION: One patient ("NM"), a 65-year-old woman, was referred for physical therapy 6 weeks following a right cerebrovascular accident. She attended 30 therapy sessions over a 15-week period. The other patient ("SA"), a 71-year-old woman, was referred for physical therapy 7 weeks following a left cerebrovascular accident. She attended 28 therapy sessions over a 19-week period. Clinical indexes of impairment and disability and 3-dimensional gait data were obtained at the start of treatment and at discharge. Therapy was based on the Bobath concept. OUTCOMES: At discharge, NM demonstrated improvements in her hip and knee movements, reduced tone, and improved mobility. At discharge, SA demonstrated improved mobility. During gait, both patients demonstrated more normal movement patterns at the level of the pelvis, the knee, and the ankle in the sagittal plane. SA also demonstrated an improvement in hip extension. DISCUSSION: These cases demonstrate that recovery of more normal movement patterns and functional ability can be achieved following a cardiovascular accident and provide insight into the clinical decision making of experienced practitioners using Bobath's concept.     

踝关节动态关节松动术对脑卒中患者步态和平衡功能影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价踝关节动态关节松动术(MWM)对脑卒中患者步态和平衡功能的影响.方法:计算机全面检索 AMED、ProQuest、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Scopus、OpenGrey、中国知网、万方、维普数据库,搜索关于踝关节MWM治疗脑卒中的随机对照试验(RCT),检索的时间范围...     

下肢康复训练机器人对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡及步行功能的影响

目的:观察下肢康复训练机器人对缺血性脑卒中(早期)偏瘫患者平衡功能以及步行功能的影响。方法:将40例偏瘫患者随机分为对照组(20例)和Lokomat组(20例)。两组均给予常规肢体功能训练,对照组采用常规康复疗法,每周进行3次,每次30min,共治疗10周。Lokomat组给予下肢康复机器人为主的运动训练,辅以常规康复训练,每次30min,3次/周,共10周(2个疗程)。采用Berg平衡量表及单项评分(测定平衡功能)、踝-后足评分量表(AOFAS)及其中的异常步态、前足活动(屈/伸)、后足活动(内翻加外翻)、踝-后足稳定性和足部对线(评价踝关节的功能恢复和异常步态)和步长、步宽、步频、步速(评价患者每天活动时实际步行功能的变化)进行疗效评价。结果:治疗前,两组在Berg平衡量表,踝-后足功能评分以及异常步态、前足活动(屈/伸)、后足活动(内翻加外翻)、踝-后足稳定性和足部对线,步长、步宽、步速和步频的评测差异均无显著性(P>0.05),均具有可比性。治疗后,Berg平衡量表,踝-后足功能评分及异常步态、前足活动(屈/伸)、后足活动(内翻加外翻)、踝-后足稳定性和足部对线,步长、步宽、步速和步频的评测较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Lokomat组改善均更明显(P<0.05);Berg平衡功能单项评分比较:训练后,Lokomat组从坐到站、无支撑站位、无支撑坐位、站到坐、转移、闭眼站立、并脚站立、前后脚成直线以及单脚站等方面评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:下肢康复训练机器人能改善缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者的踝背屈功能,对改善其平衡和步行功能具有积极作用。