模拟含硼浓缩液微波桶内干燥初步试验研究

与含硼浓缩液现役水泥固化工艺相比,微波桶内干燥工艺既能减小废物体积,又能减小放射性污染。采用预试验和台架试验对微波桶内干燥模拟含硼浓缩液工艺参数进行了初步试验研究。研究结果表明,微波桶内干燥模拟含硼浓缩液是可行的。在微波桶内干燥过程中,排气口温度可作为干燥终点的判断或再次进料判断的直观指标。在批次加料干燥试验中,首次加料量务必保证适中的模拟液量,否则会引起微波反射;批次补料量越小,越有利于干燥产物性状优化。本试验条件下,推荐排气口温度上升至72℃后补料或终止干燥;推荐采用首次加料2 kg,后续补料1 kg的批次加料方式。     

桶内微波干燥浓缩液技术试验研究

用微波作为热源,在桶内干燥核电厂产生的浓缩液,在试验条件下,干燥产物含水率小于15%,减容系数为4。试验结果表明桶内微波干燥浓缩液是可行的。     

放射性高盐废液干燥成盐技术研究

放射性废物处理中，放射性废液的体积和所含放射性总量在“三废”中占比较大，为使废物最小化，本研究围绕放射性高盐废液干燥成盐技术开展技术路线论证、工艺设计，研制放射性高盐废液微波干燥成盐工程样机，并完成样机加工制造、安装调试及性能验证。工程样机验证实验结果表明，装置运行过程稳定，干燥速率约6～8 L/h,产物不含游离水，桶内及桶壁温度最高约100℃,桶内压力在1～2 kPa之间。本研究结果可为放射性高盐废液干燥成盐技术及专用工装设计提供参考，并为后续工程应用奠定基础。     

中国辐射防护研究院利用微波技术进行废树脂干燥减容

中国辐射防护研究院承担的中国核工业集团公司优先发展项目“核电站废物最小化技术”之“浓缩液、废树脂干燥装置研究”课题研究中,三废治理研究所的高超等人采用国内放射性三废处理领域未用过的微波技术开展废树脂桶内干燥实验研究。     

核电站浓缩液桶内干燥装置的研制及可行性验证

对核电站浓缩液的减容处理是放射性废物最小化内容之一。自行开发了桶内干燥工艺流程以及研制干燥装置,并进行了单机、单元和全流程调试。在此基础上进行了冷试验。结果表明,该装置运行平稳,安全;干燥浓缩液的减容比为4,干燥产物含水率为15%左右。说明该装置用于核电站浓缩液的桶内干燥是可行的。     

废树脂微波处理工艺研究

废树脂微波处理工艺主要利用微波的穿透能力强和体加热的特点,首先将废树脂中的水分除去,然后将废树脂中的有机组分去除,从而达到有机废物无机化的目的。与原始废树脂相比,微波干燥、灰化处理后,得到的灰分减容和减重比均极大。利用该技术处理得到的产物,可以方便的进行后续处理。通过研究,确定了废树脂微波桶内干燥及废树脂微波灰化工艺参数。     

现场物体计数系统测量标准200L钢桶放射性物质活度的不确定度分析

利用蒙特卡罗方法评估秦山第三核电有限公司现场物体计数系统(ISOCS)测量标准200L钢桶活度时由于放射性物质随机分布而导致的测量结果的不确定度,并采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算钢桶内为4种密度填充物及10种核素时ISOCS测量结果的偏差,对ISOCS的测量提出修正。     

废树脂干燥装置研究

通过对废树脂输送计量、加热干燥、尾气处理等工艺的系统研究,确定了适用于废树脂干燥的电加热锥釜真空搅拌干燥工艺。建立1:1规模电加热器锥釜干燥装置,并开展了废树脂干燥可行性验证试验和装置运行优化试验。研究表明:电加热锥釜真空搅拌干燥装置对核电站产生的废树脂进行干燥是可行的和安全的。在加热温度280 ℃、釜内压力-70 kPa±3 kPa,搅拌桨转速30 rpm条件下,装置在约20 h内可处理350 L脱水IRN160核级树脂,最大水分蒸发速率达到9.92 kg/h,平均水分蒸发速率6.31 kg/h,干燥树脂平均含水率<15 %,减容系数约为2.4。     

桶内干燥处理浓缩液尾气中核素的载带试验

在不同温度下对模拟浓缩液进行桶内干燥试验,以研究该干燥方法处理核电站产生的放射性浓缩液尾气中核素的活度浓度及分布。结果表明,107℃(沸腾状态)干燥,Sr、Cs、Co的载带率为5.14%、0.06,0.05%,且大部分在洗涤液中;90℃(非沸腾状态)干燥,Sr、Cs、Co的载带率分别为2.38%、0.03%、0.02%。     

浓缩液电加热桶内干燥工艺试验研究

为减少核电站的废物体积,用电加热桶内干燥技术对产生的浓缩液进行了初步研究。结果表明,干燥产物减容比约为4,平均含水率低于15%。说明电加热器桶内干燥核电站产生的浓缩液是可行的。     

Study of Cavity and Output Window for High Power Gyrotron

In this paper Eigen mode analysis has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS for high frequency 42, 120 and 140 GHz Gyrotron cavity. The design of RF window for 42 GHz, 200 kW Gyrotron has also been carried out using the Ansoft HFSS and CST microwave studio. In 42 GHz gyrotron double disc of diameter 85 mm and thickness 3.2 mm sapphire window and spacing (Coolant FC-75) of discs 2.5 mm has been used in the simulation. The return loss (S11) and transmission loss (S21) of the 42 GHz gyrotron window have been found −47.3 and −0.04 dB, respectively. The return loss and transmission loss of the S-band single disc sapphire window have also been found −27.3 and −0.07 dB, respectively at cylindrical waveguide length 33 mm. The simulated result has been validated through experimental results for pill-box S-band sapphire window.     

上海光源2998 MHz加速管波导耦合器的设计

上海同步辐射光源(SSRF, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility)直线加速器采用2998 MHz的加速管,这种加速管在结构形式上虽然与SLAC型2856 MHz加速管相似,但在尺寸上略有差异,需要重新计算.本文采用与实际调试加速管时相同的三频法、有限差分分析软件Superfish和HFSS对2998 MHz加速管耦合器进行物理设计,为实际工程设计提供指导.物理设计与实验测试结果非常吻合.     

Bends in oversized rectangular waveguide

The use of rectangular oversized waveguides in the Main Transmission Lines of the Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) system of ITER, requires to investigate the problem of bends. The principal specifications that characterize the oversized bend design concern the minimization of the reflection of the fundamental mode and the maximization of its transmission, limiting at the same time its coupling to spurious modes that could propagate at the operational frequency. In this paper, the performances of bends with different geometries are compared. They are simulated using the commercial finite element software Ansoft HFSS. An innovative modified mitre-bend solution with trapezoidal-elements is proposed and analyzed.     

HLS Ⅱ横向束流反馈系统条带激励器的设计与计算

合肥光源升级改造（HLS Ⅱ）将使用数字逐束团横向束流反馈系统来抑制束团耦合不稳定性。本文设计了条带型横向激励器,利用Poisson程序计算了横向激励器的特性阻抗和电场,采用回归方程及最小二乘法分析了特性阻抗随横截面结构参数的变化规律,并做了优化选择以匹配50 Ω的外部传输电缆。利用HFSS程序对横向激励器的分路阻抗及功率输入端口的反射系数进行了模拟计算。仿真和计算结果为横向激励器的设计提供了依据。     

915 MHz TE10-TE01模式转换器设计

本文设计了一种可实现矩形波导TE10模式转换为圆波导TE01模式的转换器,用于电子回旋共振(ECR)技术薄膜沉积,使微波功率以特定模式分布在反应腔中与磁场共同作用产生等离子体,并由磁控管输出的微波中心频率为915 MHz。在满足工作带宽要求的基础上尽量提高转换效率,抑制噪声模式。通过三维仿真软件HFSS对结构进行优化,在915 MHz中心频率处转换效率达到99.90%,在中心频率20MHz范围内转换效率达到99.00%,能够满足磁控管工作频率在915 MHz下的带宽要求。     

Design of High Power Microwave Ceramic Windows in C-Band

Two types of microwave ceramic windows capable of propagating >1 MW average power operating at 250 kW are developed for 4.6 GHz long pulse lower hybrid current drive system. Using electromagnetic field simulator, HFSS, and the finite element method analysis software, ANSYS, the electromagnetic and thermal stress performances have been analyzed and simulated. For BeO ceramic disk, the simulation results show that within the bandwidth of 100 MHz, the voltage standing wave ratio is below 1.1, and the maximum temperature difference is below 10 °C on the ceramic disk. The thermal stress is within the ability that the ceramic disk could withstand. Cold and high power long pulse tests are also described in this paper. The experimental results show good agreement with the calculated results, and both windows can work well under 250 kW continuous power transmission.     

Design of Input Coupler and Output Window for Ka-Band Gyro-TWT

The design of input coupler with loaded interaction structure for Ka-band gyro traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) has been carried out using Ansoft HFSS to operate in the TE₁₁ mode. The return loss (S₁₁) and transmission loss (S₂₁) of the Ka-band gyro-TWT input coupler have been found ?27.3 and ?0.05 dB respectively. The design of output window for Ka-band gyro-TWT has been carried out using CST microwave studio. In this paper thermal analysis of the input coupler for Ka-band gyro-TWT has also been carried out using ANSYS software. In the simulation results, the temperature on the ceramic disc of window does not exceed 80 °C and found in safe limit. The optimized design of input and output window for gyro-TWT allows low heat loads in the ceramic and consequently low temperature increase.     

铷原子频标物理部分改进

本文对星载铷原子频标物理部分进行技术改进。改善磁控管微波腔的结构,使信噪比得到了提高;优化了物理部分光路系统,使光电探测信号强度提高了25%。此外,通过Ansoft HFSS仿真软件建立了微波腔的模型,对腔内场型分布和谐振频率进行了仿真,数字仿真和性能测试显示这种微波腔的谐振模式为TE₀₁₁模式,且拥有较大的质量因子。最后,对改进后的铷原子频标系统进行了初步测试,发现短期稳定度达到了6.0×10^-13τ^-1/2（τ为取样时间）。研究结果表明,改进后的物理部分满足铷原子频标的研制需求,适合应用于高性能的星载铷原子频标。     

Developments and needs in nuclear analysis of fusion technology

Nuclear analyses provide essential input to the conceptual design, optimisation, engineering and safety case of fusion technology in current experiments, ITER, next-step devices and power plant studies. Calculations are intricate and computer-intensive, typically requiring detailed geometry models, sophisticated acceleration algorithms, high-performance parallel computations, and coupling of large and complex transport and activation codes and databases. This paper reports progress on some key areas in the development of tools and methods to meet the specific needs of fusion nuclear analyses. In particular, advances in the production and modernisation of reference models, in the preparation and quality assurance of acceleration algorithms and coupling schemes, and in the evaluation and adaptation of alternative transport codes are presented. Emphasis is given to ITER-relevant activities, which are the main driver of advances in the field. Discussion is made of the importance of efforts in these and other areas, considering some of the more pressing needs and requirements. In some cases, they call for a more efficient and coordinated use of the scarce resources available.     

Basic design of beamline and polarization control

The basic concept of synchrotron radiation beamlines for vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray experiments has been introduced to beginning users and designers of beamlines. The beamline defined here is composed of a front end, pre-mirrors, and a monochromator with refocusing mirrors, which are connected by beam pipes, providing monochromatic light for the experiments. Firstly, time characteristics of the synchrotron radiation are briefly reviewed. Secondly, the basic technology is introduced as the fundamental knowledge required to both users and designers. The topics are photoabsorption by air and solids, front ends and beam pipes, mirrors, monochromators, and filters. Thirdly, the design consideration is described mainly for the designers. The topics are design principle, principle of ray tracing, optical machinery and control, and vacuum. Fourthly, polarization control is considered. The topics are polarizers, polarization diagnosis of beamline, and circularly-polarized light generation. Finally, a brief summary is given introducing some references for further knowledge of the users and the designers.