热浸镀铝硅镀层微观组织结构表征

目的 研究热成形钢热浸镀铝硅镀层的微观组织与物相组成.方法 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析铝硅镀层表面与截面的微观组织形貌与成分,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)分析铝硅镀层的物相组成与比例.结果 热浸镀铝硅镀层表面由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及树枝晶网状分布的高Si相构成,截面是由内外两层组成,其靠近铁基体的内层为Fe-Al-Si合金层,外层为Al-Si层.进一步的研究显示,Al-Si层由富Al相、少量的富Fe相以及柱状分布的高Si相构成,高Si相主要存在于合金层与铝硅层界面以及Al-Si层中.结论 热浸镀铝硅镀层中富Al相、富Fe相、高Si相和Fe-Al-Si三元合金层的物相分别为Al、Al13Fe4、Si和Al8Fe2Si.对热浸镀铝硅镀层中高Si相的研究显示,分布于合金层与铝硅层界面处的高Si相,可以有效阻碍镀层的生长,而分布于铝硅层中的高Si相在空间中以立体网状骨架的结构形式存在,这种立体网状结构形式作为镀层的主体框架,可以有效地提高镀层的强韧性和成形性能.     

钢板连续热浸镀铝硅镀层的微观结构和冷成形性能

采用连续热浸镀工艺和成分为Al-10%Si(质量分数)的镀液在0.8 mm厚的冷轧低碳钢板上制备铝-硅涂层。检测了连续热浸镀铝硅镀层的形貌、元素分布、微观结构和相成分。研究了钢板浸入渡槽的温度(640～710℃)对镀层组织和冷成形时开裂倾向的影响,并分析了涂层开裂的原因。结果表明:钢板浸入渡槽的温度对热浸镀铝硅镀层的组织和冷成形过程中镀层开裂的倾向有显著影响;钢板冷成形时,铝-硅涂层的裂纹产生在粗大的富硅相处;浸入640℃渡槽的钢板涂层中粗大富硅相贯穿了铝-硅涂层,且随着钢板浸入渡槽的温度的提高,富硅相更为弥散和细小,这有利于提高镀层性能,减小镀层的开裂倾向。     

热浸镀工艺对低碳钢铝锌硅镀层表面形貌及组织的影响

利用CAG-III热浸镀锌模拟试验机对低碳钢DX51D基板进行一组不同浸镀温度及时间下的热浸镀铝锌硅试验。通过显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪等对试样表面形貌及组织进行分析。结果表明:该Al-Zn-Si镀层表面形貌为典型六边形树枝状,枝干为富Al的固溶体相,填充于枝间的为富Zn固溶体相,Si元素则弥散分布在整个镀层表面上。浸镀温度为580℃、浸镀时间为10 s时,镀层表面质量最佳,镀层截面厚度较为均匀,为50μm左右。Al-Zn-Si镀层外层为Al-Zn合金凝固形成的结晶层,其中连续灰色相为富铝相,富铝相中分散分布的白色块状相为富锌相,内层为由Al、Zn、Fe、Si元素组成的四元合金相。     

Mn元素对热浸镀Al-10Si-2Fe合金镀层显微组织的影响

在高强钢热浸镀铝硅合金中,通常会有一定量Mn溶解到镀液中,对镀层凝固组织产生影响。本文研究了热浸镀用Al-10Si-2Fe合金中Mn元素对凝固组织及富铁相的影响规律。结果显示,随着Mn含量的增加,铝硅合金中富铁相形貌转变过程如下:针状→汉字状→星状→多边形。借助Pandat软件在热力学层面解释了Mn添加后铝硅合金中β-Al_9Fe_2Si_2相向α-Al_8(Fe,Mn)_2Si相转变的原因。此外,给出了添加Mn后的渣量计算结果,认为铝硅熔液中最佳Mn含量(质量分数)应为0.8%～1.0%。     

扩散退火对球墨铸铁热浸镀铝组织的影响

为了研究扩散退火对铸铁热浸镀铝工艺的影响,以球墨铸铁为基体进行热浸镀铝,对浸镀层截面进行了形貌观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和衍射分析(XRD),分析了扩散退火对镀层组织的影响.结果表明:浸镀层由表面富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3、Fe2Al5相组成,形状如舌状指向基体.850℃扩散退火,随扩散时间的延长镀层组织结构明显变化.试验结果表明:耐热用热浸镀铝件在使用前进行扩散退火处理是可行的.     

硅含量对铝硅热浸镀层耐高温氧化性能的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析了镀层加热过程中的组织变化及镀层的高温氧化性能,并对铝硅镀层的氧化机理进行了分析。结果表明,引起热浸镀铝(铝硅)镀层失效的主要原因是镀层中小孔的形成和生长,小孔形成于与基体接触的最内层合金层之间,随着加热时间的增长,小孔慢慢聚集成孔群,进而形成大的孔洞;镀层高温氧化失效的直接原因是孔洞导致合金层产生微裂纹,氧气通过微裂纹贯穿合金层,使镀层丧失保护作用从而失效;在850℃下,随着硅含量增高,合金层厚度变薄,更容易在合金层中产生微裂纹,抗高温氧化能力减弱。     

不锈钢表面热镀铝试验研究

通过对铁素体不锈钢表面进行热浸镀铝及高温氧化扩散,研究浸镀温度、浸镀时间对镀层厚度的影响,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱等研究手段,检测分析了镀层的厚度、显微形貌以及成分。结果表明,镀层中主要包含富铝层和铁铝合金层两部分,铝铁合金层的厚度随浸镀温度和浸镀时间的增加而增加。通过高温氧化扩散,富铝层消失,合金层厚度进一步增加,合金层中各元素的浓度梯度变缓,镀层表面的显微硬度提高。     

Mn元素对硼钢热浸镀Al-Si镀层组织的影响

硼钢热浸镀铝硅合金时,通常会有一定量Mn溶解于镀液中,对热浸镀镀层组织及合金层产生影响。研究了热浸镀用Al-10Si-2Fe合金中Mn元素对镀层组织及合金层的影响。结果表明:Mn元素的添加能够改变铝硅层中富铁相的形貌,当添加质量分数为0. 8%的Mn时,针状富铁相完全转化为汉字状的富铁相。Mn元素的添加也会对铝硅镀层中合金层的厚度产生影响,即随着Mn含量的添加,合金层及Fe_2Al_5层的厚度先增加后减小,Mn的质量分数为0. 8%左右时合金层及Fe_2Al_5层最厚。     

冲蚀速度对Q235钢表面热浸镀铝锰层的冲蚀磨损性能的影响

针对新疆沙漠戈壁盐渍土壤、酸雨及高矿化度盐碱水质对钢铁材料腐蚀性强的特点,采用热浸镀铝锰合金层工艺对Q235钢表面进行改性,在Q235钢表面获得Al-Mn合金镀层.采用扫描电镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射对镀层的组织结构、成分形貌进行了分析,并对改性层的冲蚀磨损性能进行研究,获得了镀层在不同速度下的冲蚀磨损量.结果表明:纯铝镀层表面呈枝晶状,铝锰合金镀层出现了块状的铝锰化合物相,铝锰合金镀层是由Al、FeAl3、Fe2Al5和MnAl6相组成.在不同的冲蚀速度下,铝锰合金镀层的质量损失均小于纯铝合金镀层的质量损失,因此这种热浸镀铝锰合金镀层具有优良的耐冲蚀磨损性能.     

热浸镀铝锌板镀层微观组织结构表征

目的 研究热浸镀铝锌板镀层微观组织结构.方法 利用扫描电镜、能谱和电子探针分析铝锌板表面与镀层的组织形貌与成分;利用X射线衍射与电子背散射衍射技术分析铝锌板镀层的物相组成与相结构.结果 铝锌板表面为典型的锌花形貌,锌花内部呈现出有条理的枝晶状结构.铝锌板镀层沿厚度方向分为内外两层:外层为合金层,其成分主要为Al、Zn和Si,该层主要是由富Al相、富Zn相以及少量条状高Si相构成;与钢基体接触的内层为过渡层或金属间化合物层,该层的厚度仅约为1μm,其成分为Fe、Al和Si,该层由弥散致密的细颗粒与少量分散的粗颗粒构成.此外还发现,有少量条状或颗粒状的高Si相分布在过渡层与合金层之间.结论 铝锌板镀层中合金层的富Al相、富Zn相以及条状高Si相的相结构分别为Al的面心立方结构、Zn的密排六方结构和Si的面心立方结构,高Si相的分布特性可以有效地控制镀层的厚度.过渡层的相结构更倾向于单斜结构的Al13Fe4,该层在形成过程中,部分细颗粒相长大并发生粗化,从而形成粗颗粒相穿插于过渡层与合金层之间,进一步加强了过渡层与合金层的连接,进而间接地对镀层粘附性能和延伸性能的提高起到了关键性的作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.