大肠癌患者细胞因子变化的临床意义

目的 检测大肠癌患者外周血CD+4T细胞分泌细胞因子水平的变化,分析Th1/Th2类细胞因子的平衡调节及其临床意义.方法 刺激细胞,增加细胞内因子表达,荧光标记特异性抗细胞因子单克隆抗体,特异性抗原抗体结合,用流式细胞术分析,检测特异性细胞因子表达水平.结果 大肠癌患者Th1型细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)表达水平较健康组显著降低;Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)表达水平较健康组升高,且IFN-γ/IL-4的比值最具临床意义,差异有统计学意义.结论 大肠癌患者体内Th1/Th2出现漂移,IFN-γ/IL-4比值可作为大肠癌临床进展及免疫功能评价的指标.     

胃癌患者手术前后外周血Th1 / Th2细胞因子表达

[目的]评价胃癌患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞因子表达水平.[方法]流式细胞仪检测82例胃癌患者手术前后和50例胃良性疾病患者(对照组)外周血Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2)和Yh2类细胞因子( IL-4、5、10)的表达水平.[结果]与对照组比较,胃癌患者Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2)低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Th2类细胞因子(IL-4、5、10)高于对照组,且IL-4、IL-10表达水平差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).术后胃癌Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ较术前有所升高(18.65±6.74 vs23.07±4.15,P＜0.01);Th2类细胞因子(IL-10)较术前有所下降(6.56±3.46 vs 4.67±2.75,P＜0.01).[结论]胃癌患者Th1细胞向Th2细胞漂移,手术治疗能逆转其漂移状态. Th1/Th2细胞因子检测可为胃癌的免疫治疗提供参考依据.     

大肠癌患者外周血Th1/Th2的检测及其临床意义

目的 检测大肠癌患者外周血CD+4细胞Th1、Th2细胞因子的表达水平,观察大肠癌患者Th1/Th2漂移的幅度,探讨Th1、Th2细胞因子与大肠癌发生、发展的关系.方法 采取实验对象的清晨空腹静脉血标本,用Th1、Th2细胞因子标记流式细胞技术检测Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ,Th2类细胞因子IL-4,计算Th1/Th2(IFNγ/IL-4),进行统计学分析.结果 大肠癌患者IFN-γ的表达率为(11.7±1.86)%,健康对照组IFN-γ的表达率为(16.4±6.07)%,大肠癌组比健康对照组明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).大肠癌患者IL-4的表达率为(2.8±0.32)%,健康对照组IL-4的表达率为(1.8±0.19)%,大肠癌组比健康对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).大肠癌患者外周血IFN-γ/IL-4为4.2±0.94,健康对照组外周血IFN-γ/IL-4为9.7±1.11,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大肠癌患者外周血CD+4细胞表达Th2型细胞因子占优势,Th1/Th2平衡失调,向Th2方向漂移,导致机体免疫功能低下,是大肠癌复发或转移的原因之一.     

子宫内膜癌患者外周血Thl和Th2细胞因子的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌患者外周血Th1和Th2细胞因子的表达及其临床意义.方法:采用流式细胞小球微阵列术(Cytometric Bead Array.CBA)检测52例子宫内膜癌患者、46例正常女性的外周血血清中Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2和Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-10细胞因子的含量,然后进行比较分析.结果:子宫内膜癌组与正常对照组比较,IL-2、IL-4和IL-5的表达升高,TNF-α的表达降低,Th1/Th2(IFN-γ/IL4)比值下降(P＜0.001).中晚期患者的Th1/Th2比值较早期患者进一步下降(P＜0.05).不同病理类型及分级的细胞因子水平和Th1/Th2比值无差异(P＞0.05).深肌层浸润、淋巴结转移患者Th2细胞因子水平上升(P＜0.05).手术后患者的IFN-γ、TNF-α水平和Th1/Th2比值上升(P＜0.05).细胞因子水平与预后无关.结论:子宫内膜癌患者中可见Th2细胞因子升高,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移.细胞因子水平、Th1/Th2比值与病理类型及病理分级无关(P＞0.05).深肌层浸润、淋巴结转移患者的Th2型细胞因子水平偏高.手术可纠正Th1/Th2的失衡.     

宫颈癌患者血清Th1、Th2细胞因子表达水平及意义

目的 探讨宫颈癌患者血清Th1、Th2细胞因子表达水平及意义.方法 选取宫颈癌患者94例(观察组),同时选取健康女性90例作为对照组,检测两组患者干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4和IL-6.结果 观察组IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6水平分别为(52.13±9.55)pg/ml、(38.70±8.96)pg/ml、(27.61±6.22)pg/ml和(32.16±7.81)pg/ml,均高于对照组(P﹤0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6水平高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期患者(P﹤0.05),Ⅱ期患者IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6水平高于Ⅰ期患者(P﹤0.05);不同分化程度患者IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),有无淋巴结转移患者IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6水平比较差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 宫颈癌患者Th1/Th2细胞因子动态平衡紊乱,可能在肿瘤的发生发展中有一定作用.     

大肠癌患者血清Th1/Th2细胞因子水平变化及其临床意义

[目的]研究大肠癌患者Th1/Th2细胞因子(血清白介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素(IFN)-γ、IL-6、IL-10)变化及其临临床意义.[方法]ELISA法检测126例大肠癌患者术前外周血清中IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-6、IL-10的水平.[结果]大肠癌患者除Dukes'A期的血清Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2水平与正常对照组比较无显著性差异外,其它各期IFN-γ、IL-2水平均较正常对照组显著降低(P＜0.01),Th2型细胞因子IL-6、IL-10水平较正常对照组升高(P＜0.01).Dukes'A、B、C、D期之间比较,患者的血清IFN-γ、IL-2及IL-6、IL-10水平也均有显著性差异;且随着病期的加重大肠癌患者血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平逐渐降低,而IL-6、IL-10水平逐渐升高.[结论]大肠癌的发生发展与Th1/Th2失衡有关,Th1/Th2平衡向Th2方向漂移;Th1/Th2失衡程度与Dukes'分期相关,这有助于指导患者的治疗和预后判断.     

子宫内膜癌患者外周血Th1和Th2细胞因子的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨子宫内膜癌患者外周．61Th1和Th2细胞因子的表达及其临床意义。方法：采用流式细胞小球微阵列术（Cytometrie Bead Array，CBA）检测52例子宫内膜癌患者、46例正常女性的外周血血清中Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-2和Th2型细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL—10细胞因子的含量，然后进行比较分析。结果：子宫内膜癌组与正常对照组比较，IL-2、IL-4和IL-5的表达升高，TNF—α的表达降低，Th1/Th2（IFN-γ/IL4）比值下降（P〈0．001）。中晚期患者的Th1／Th2比值较早期患者进一步下降（P〈0．05）。不同病理类型及分级的细胞因子水平和Th1/Th2比值无差异（P〉0．05）。深肌层浸润、淋巴结转移患者Th2细胞因子水平上升（P〈0．05）。手术后患者的IFN-γ、TNF—α水平和Th1／Th2比值上升（P〈0．05）。细胞因子水平与预后无关。结论：子宫内膜癌患者中可见Th2细胞因子升高，Th1／Th2平衡向，Th2方向漂移。细胞因子水平、Th1／Th2比值与病理类型及病理分级无关（P〉0．05）。深肌层浸润、淋巴结转移患者的Th2型细胞因子水平偏高。手术可纠正Th1／Th2的失衡。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞对晚期肺癌患者免疫抑制作用的研究

目的 探讨Treg及Th1/Th2类细胞因子在晚期肺癌肿瘤免疫抑制中的作用.方法 选取100例初治晚期肺癌患者及50例健康自愿者.采用流式细胞术检测其外周血中Treg、Th1类细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-a)、Th2类细胞因子(IL-4、IL-6、IL-10)水平,同时分析CD4+CD25+Treg与Th1/Th2类细胞因子之间的相关性.结果 ①晚期肺癌患者外周血中Treg为(11.12±5.83)%,高于健康对照组(7.46±3.07)%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);②化疗前肺癌患者外周血中Treg为(11.12±5.83)%,明显高于化疗后(6.45±3.74)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);③晚期肺癌患者与正常对照组Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平分别为:IFN-γ(8.56±3.62 vs 10.79±3.27,P=0.049)、IL-2(8.48±2.87 vs 10.22±4.03,P=0.03)、TNF-a(6.18±2.67vs8.14±2.87,P=0.007)、IFN-γ/IL-4(3.33±1.44 vs 4.09±1.00,P=0.028)、IL-4(3.17±1.19 vs 2.45±0.43,P<0.001)、IL-6(3.88±2.08 vs 2.33±0.88,P<0.001)、IL-10(3.64±1.73 vs 2.54±1.08,P=0.008),其中Th2类因子水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);④CD4+CD25+Treg与Th1类细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-a、IL-2及IL-6无相关性(P均>0.05);与Th1/Th2(γ=-0.273,P=0.003)呈负相关;与Th2类细胞因子IL-4(γ=0.237,P=0.009)、IL-10(0.626,P<0.001)呈正相关(P均<0.05).结论 晚期肺癌患者CD4+CD25+Treg、Th2类细胞因子水平显著升高,Th1类细胞因子水平下降,它们共同导致肿瘤患者免疫抑制及肿瘤进展,监测其水平变化有助于判断肺癌患者疗效、预后,有效调控CD4+CD25+Treg及负性细胞因子水平可能是治疗肺癌的一个新策略.     

射波刀对复发脑胶质瘤患者Th1／Th2细胞因子的影响

[目的]观察射波刀治疗对复发脑胶质瘤患者Th1/Th2细胞因子含量的影响,探讨射波刀治疗复发脑胶质瘤的效果和可能机制。[方法]33例脑胶质瘤患者接受射波刀治疗,在治疗前、治疗后1周、2周、4周、8周、16周分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定患者外周血中的Th1细胞因子白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)以及Th2细胞因子白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量,并与正常对照组比较。[结果]治疗前脑胶质瘤患者外周血IL-2、IFN-γ含量低于对照组,而IL-4、IL-10含量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。射波刀治疗后2周患者外周血中IL-2、IFN-γ含量开始升高,而IL-4、IL-10水平开始下降,于射波刀治疗后16周IL-2、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10含量达正常水平。射波刀治疗复发胶质瘤有效率33.33%,控制率69.69%。[结论]脑胶质瘤患者体内存在Th1/Th2细胞因子失平衡状态。射波刀治疗复发脑胶质瘤疗效可靠,其治疗作用可能与纠正患者体内Th1/Th2细胞因子的失平衡状态有关。     

胃癌患者化疗前后Th1/Th2细胞因子的检测及其临床意义

目的 研究胃癌患者化疗前后CD4+T淋巴细胞中Th1、Th2类细胞因子的表达水平和Th1/Th2值的变化及其临床意义.方法 60例胃癌患者接受FOLFOX4方案化疗,应用流式细胞仪对化疗前后患者外周血特异性细胞因子的表达变化进行分析.结果 化疗后,全组胃癌患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞分泌的γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的表达水平为11.4%±5.0%,较化疗前升高(P＜0.05);白介素10(IL-10)的表达水平为3.6%±1.2%,较化疗前降低(P＜0.05);Th1/Th2(IFN-γ/IL-4)的值为3.4±1.0,与化疗前比较,无明显变化(P＞0.05).15例化疗后疗效为部分缓解的患者,外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞分泌的IFN-γ和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达水平分别为14.8%±8.0%和5.9%±2.0%,均较化疗前升高(均P＜0.05);Th1/Th2(IFN-γ/IL-4)的值为4.0±1.5,明显高于化疗前水平(P＜0.01).结论 有效的化疗可减轻患者机体的肿瘤负荷,降低Th1类细胞因子向Th2类细胞因子漂移的程度;但胃癌化疗的有效率较低,因此对胃癌化疗者,改善机体免疫功能仍是很重要的治疗措施.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.