硫酸盐腐蚀再生橡胶颗粒沥青混合料冻融劈裂试验

针对国内外硫酸盐腐蚀环境中再生橡胶颗粒沥青混合料冻融劈裂试验鲜有研究的现状,采用１０％Ｎａ₂ＳＯ₄溶液加速劣化下的真空饱水冻融循环劈裂试验,研究在硫酸盐腐蚀介质中,橡胶颗粒的粒径和掺量对再生橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的抗冻融性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着冻融循环次数的增加,再生沥青混合料的ＴＳＲ值逐渐降低,空隙率逐渐增大,高浓度饱和硫酸盐腐蚀环境加速劣化了再生沥青混合料的性能;在冻融循环次数一致的条件下,掺加小橡胶颗粒的再生沥青混合料的ＴＳＲ值优于普通再生沥青混合料的ＴＳＲ值和掺加大橡胶颗粒再生沥青混合料的ＴＳＲ值。在最佳橡胶颗粒掺量下,掺加小橡胶颗粒的再生沥青混合料的抗冻融性能最优。     

干湿-冻融交替作用下硅灰混凝土耐久性分析

为探究硅灰混凝土在冻融条件下硫酸盐腐蚀抗压强度损失规律，在水胶比(W/C=0.37)相同的条件下，对硅灰掺量为0%、5%、10%、15%的混凝土分别进行5%硫酸盐干湿侵蚀、清水冻融循环及5%硫酸盐干湿侵蚀+冻融循环各75 d,研究不同试验条件、不同天数下的抗压强度变化。结果表明：3种试验中，强度损伤度由大到小为干湿+冻融>冻融>干湿，干湿+冻融双重作用对混凝土强度的劣化有促进作用；且随着天数的增加混凝土抗压强度损失速率加快，在0%和5%硅灰掺量60 d、干湿+冻融双重作用下混凝土强度损失出现超叠加效应，硅灰掺量的提高使混凝土强度的损失速率变慢。     

硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀环境下纤维沥青混合料低温抗裂性研究

基于国内外对硫酸盐腐蚀环境下纤维沥青混合料的低温抗裂性鲜有研究的现状,采用干湿循环作用下不同浓度(5%、10%)Na2SO4溶液加速劣化试验,研究了水镁石纤维沥青混合料在Na2SO4腐蚀介质中的低温抗裂性变化规律,并与聚酯纤维和玄武岩纤维沥青混合料进行对比;探索了沥青混合料硫酸盐腐蚀损伤机理及纤维在混合料中的阻裂作用。研究结果表明:与纯净水环境相比,沥青混合料在盐蚀环境下的低温抗裂性能劣化程度更为严重;Na2SO4溶液渗入沥青混合料空隙和裂缝中发生的结晶型侵蚀是导致沥青混合料低温抗裂性劣化的主要诱因;水镁石纤维具有优良的增强增韧效应,可以有效提高沥青混合料在硫酸盐腐蚀环境下的低温抗裂性。研究成果可为硫酸盐富集地区沥青混合料材料组成设计提供参考。     

硫酸盐与冻融环境下混凝土本构关系研究

为了研究硫酸盐与冻融环境下混凝土单轴受压应力—应变关系,对水中和质量分数为5%硫酸钠、5%硫酸镁溶液中冻融作用下的混凝土进行单轴受压试验,分析了硫酸盐溶液与冻融循环对混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变、弹性模量及单轴受压应力—应变全曲线的影响,并对损伤层混凝土的力学性能进行分析。结果表明：混凝土应力—应变曲线随冻融时间增加逐渐趋扁平,整体右移,硫酸盐溶液中冻融300次后的混凝土应力—应变曲线上升段轻微上扬,并出现下凹现象。随着冻融次数增加,混凝土峰值应力、弹性模量不断下降,峰值应变逐渐增加,硫酸镁溶液中混凝土表现更明显,混凝土抗冻性最差。通过回归分析,建立了硫酸盐与冻融循环作用下混凝土单轴受压应力—应变全曲线方程,并得到了不同冻融次数下损伤层混凝土峰值应力的确定方法。     

持载和冻融循环对钢筋混凝土粘结性能的影响

通过中心拉拔试验,研究了钢筋持载与冻融循环耦合作用下钢筋混凝土的粘结性能退化规律.结果表明,冻融循环低于25次时,钢筋持载和冻融耦合对非引气混凝土粘结强度和峰值滑移影响较弱;冻融循环50次时,持载30%和50%试件的极限粘结强度分别降低22.8%和48.5%.即混凝土冻融损伤存在一个阙值.当冻融损伤低于该值,钢筋持载的耦合效应不明显;反之,冻融损伤高于该值,钢筋持载和冰胀压力相互促进冻融裂缝的开展,加速钢筋混凝土粘结性能退化过程,甚至在服役过程中提前发生劈裂破坏.另外,钢筋持载和冻融循环耦合作用对引气混凝土试件的粘结性能影响不明显.     

冻融循环作用下混凝土的硫酸盐应力腐蚀特性

在质量分数为5.0%的MgSO4溶液条件下,采用快冻法和常温腐蚀方法研究了高强混凝土（High Strength Concrete,HSC）、大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土（High-Volume Mineral AdmixtureConcrete,HVMAC）和综合运用引气剂、高效减水剂、混杂纤维和膨胀剂技术的高耐久性混凝土（High Durable Concrete,HDC）的应力腐蚀行为。结果表明：无论是常温条件还是冻融循环条件,混凝土在应力腐蚀作用下的相对动弹性模量要经历强化和劣化2个发展阶段,强化和劣化阶段的时间长度与实验温度条件密切相关。冻融循环作用显著加速了混凝土的硫酸盐应力腐蚀破坏进程,HSC在冻融循环作用下应力腐蚀的强化段和劣化段的时间长度比常温条件的相应时间长度分别压缩了96%和88%以上,HVMAC的劣化段时间长度则压缩了98%,而HDC压缩了71%。在冻融循环作用下,HDC发生应力腐蚀破坏的冻融循环次数分别比HSC和HVMAC延长了1.5倍和13倍,因此,在中国寒冷地区,HDC表现出更强的抗硫酸盐应力腐蚀能力。     

冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性及其GM(1,N)预测

通过沥青混合料空隙率及冻融前后混合料劈裂抗拉强度变化进行冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性能研究,并采用灰色系统理论中GM(1,N)模型对冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的耐久性能进行预测。试验结果表明:沥青混合料耐久性因素中的空隙率和劈裂抗拉强度与冻融次数之间有良好的相关性,在冻融循环条件下,空隙率随着冻融次数的增加而明显增加,劈裂抗拉强度随着冻融次数增加显著减小。建立的GM(1,N)灰色预测模型能够较好地预测冻融循环条件下沥青混合料的空隙率和劈裂抗拉强度,且计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,表明在冻融循环条件下沥青混合料耐久性研究中引入灰色系统理论是可行的;通过GM(1,N)多因素预测,可以大量减轻试验工作量以及降低试验成本。     

硫酸盐腐蚀环境下CFRP-混凝土界面性能研究

通过10%硫酸钠溶液加速劣化试验,研究CFRP-混凝土粘结界面的力学性能,包括混凝土圆柱体的抗压强度、 CFRP片材的拉伸强度、混凝土的抗压强度及弹性模量.通过CFRP-混凝土粘结界面的单剪试验,研究硫酸钠溶液浸泡对CFRP与混凝土剪切粘结性能的影响,采用SEM和XRF等从微观层面探讨硫酸盐腐蚀机理.研究表明,硫酸钠溶液浸泡对CFRP的拉伸强度无影响;混凝土会受到硫酸盐的侵蚀,侵蚀程度与浸泡时间相关;因树脂的保护作用,10%硫酸盐溶液腐蚀118d对CFRP-混凝土界面的粘结性能基本无影响.     

氯盐与弯曲荷载对碳化混凝土的抗冻性的影响

在未加载与加载条件下,采用快冻法研究了快速碳化28 d后的普通混凝土(Ordinary Portland Cement Con-crete,OPC)、大掺量矿物掺合料混凝土(Concrete with High Content Mineral Admixture,HCMC)以及同时掺加混杂纤维、膨胀剂、引气剂和大量矿物掺合料的绿色高耐久性混凝土(Green High Durable Concrete,GHDC)在水和10%NaCl溶液中的抗冻性。结果表明,碳化作用降低了OPC和HCMC在NaCl溶液中的抗冻性,但能够改善GHDC在NaCl溶液中的抗冻性。在NaCl溶液的化学腐蚀及其与弯曲荷载的耦合作用下,碳化OPC与碳化HCMC很快发生冻融破坏,其破坏特征并非表面剥落,而是内部微裂纹的扩展。GHDC即使发生了严重的碳化作用,在NaCl溶液、弯曲荷载与冻融循环及其耦合作用下仍然具有非常高的耐久性能。     

硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀环境下水镁石纤维沥青混合料抗疲劳性能

采用多次干湿循环作用下15%Na2SO4溶液加速劣化试验及四点弯曲疲劳寿命试验,研究了硫酸盐-干湿循环侵蚀作用下水镁石纤维沥青混合料抗疲劳性能,并与聚酯纤维和玄武岩纤维沥青混合料进行对比。在此基础上,探索了硫酸盐侵蚀作用下沥青混合料损伤机理及纤维改善沥青混合料疲劳性能效果。结果表明:与纯净水环境相比,沥青混合料在盐蚀环境下的疲劳性能劣化程度更为严重,Na2SO4的结晶型侵蚀是主要诱因;水镁石纤维能够较好地吸附和稳定沥青,且具有优良的增强增韧效应,可以有效提高沥青混合料的抗硫酸盐侵蚀疲劳性能。     

Durability of asphalt mixture in different corrosion solution

The corrosion to asphalt mixture under different kinds of corrosion solution, such as pH=2 solution, pH=12 solution, pH = 12 solution and 10% Na₂SO₄ solution, was studied. The performance attenuation of asphalt mixture was analyzed under the normal environment and the freeze-thaw environment, and the analysis was given on the sensitivity of the test results to the evaluation index. The experimental results show that the performance of asphalt mixture is attenuated faster under the acidic solution, alkaline solution and sulfate solution. Corrosion factor K _c, freeze-thaw corrosion factor K _f, and freeze-thaw effect factor K _fc are proposed to evaluate asphalt mixture resistance to corrosion in different kinds of corrosion solution. The values of K _c and K _fc decrease with the increasing of corrosion time. The change rule of K _f show that the rate of corrosion is decreased by the action of freeze-thaw in acidic solution and in alkaline solution, but is increased by the action of freeze-thaw in sulfate solution. The microscopic analysis indicates that acid solution reacts with aggregate of asphalt mixture, alkaline solution reacts with asphalt cement of asphalt mixture, the surface tension of sulfate solution and crystallization of sulfate are the main reasons which weak the performance of asphalt mixture.     

Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack on concrete under freeze-thaw cycles

The experiments of concrete attacked by sulfate solution under freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The sulfate solution includes two types of 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4. Through the experiment, microstructural analyses such as SEM, XRD and TGA measurements were performed on the selected samples after freeze-thaw cycles. The corrosion products of the concrete were distinguished and quantitatively compared by the thermal analysis. Besides, the damage mechanism considering the dynamic modulus of elastically of concrete under the coupling effect was also investigated. The experimental results show that, under the action of freeze-thaw cycles and sulfate attack, the main attack products in concrete are ettringite and gypsum. The corrosion products exposed to MgSO4 solution are more than those to Na2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the content of gypsum in concrete is less than that of ettringite in test, and some of gypsum can be observed only after a certain corrosion extent. It is also shown that MgSO4 solution has a promoting effect to the damage of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles. Whereas for Na：SO4 solution, the damage of concrete has restrained before 300 freeze-thaw cycles, but the sulfate attack accelerates the deterioration process in its further test period.     

寒区桥梁用自密实混凝土耐久性研究

通过氯离子迁移渗透试验和冻融损伤后氯离子扩散深度试验,研究自密实混凝土抗氯离子扩散的性能和冻融损伤对氯离子扩散能力的影响。结果表明,自密实混凝土较普通混凝土具有良好的抗氯离子扩散和冻融损伤能力,可提高抵御氯盐侵蚀能力,防止钢筋锈蚀,增强混凝土耐久性。     

钢纤维沥青混凝土路用性能的试验研究

在不同的钢纤维掺量下,对密级配沥青混凝土的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性开展了系列试验研究,结合试验结果分析了钢纤维改善沥青混凝土各项路用性能的工作机理,首次从材料组成决定性能的角度阐明了钢纤维掺量和沥青含量的交互作用对各路用性能指标的影响规律,分别建立了考虑钢纤维和沥青含量综合影响的动稳定度预估模型、考虑温度及钢纤维影响的弯拉强度预估模型以及考虑钢纤维和相应沥青增加量综合影响的冻融劈裂抗拉强度比经验模型.研究结果可为相关研究和工程应用提供有益的借鉴.     

氯盐对灌注桩混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀规律的影响

复杂盐渍环境多种离子侵蚀灌注桩混凝土等现浇混凝土结构的腐蚀规律研究较少.文中对未经标准养护的混凝土试块进行全浸泡侵蚀试验,模拟混凝土灌注桩受硫酸盐及氯盐共同作用的侵蚀过程,探讨氯盐对现浇混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀规律的影响.结果发现,混凝土试块受侵蚀的前7 d,其抗压耐蚀系数均高于1,之后呈现先增大后减小的趋势;侵入混凝土试块中的硫酸根离子随着侵入深度的增加逐渐减小,并且越向深处侵入混凝土内部的硫酸根离子含量衰减速度越快;氯离子的存在抑制了硫酸根离子在混凝土内部的扩散,且加速了硫酸根离子随深度的衰减速度.由于氯离子的先期反应阻碍了石膏型硫酸盐侵蚀发生,从而减少了硫酸盐对于混凝土侵蚀所造成的强度损失,氯盐含量低时效果最明显.     

Durability of lining concrete of subsea tunnel under combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation

Through the fast freeze-thaw cycle test,accelerated carbonation test,and natural carbonation test,the durability performance of lining concrete under combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation were studied.The experimental results indicate that freeze-thaw cycle apparently accelerates the process of concrete carbonation and carbonation deteriorates the freeze resistance of concrete.Under the combined action of freeze-thaw cycle and carbonation,the durability of lining concrete decreases.The carbonation depth of lining concrete at tunnel openings under freeze-thaw cycles and tunnel condition was predicted.For the high performance concrete with proposed mix ratio,the lining concrete tends to be unsafe because predicted carbonation depth exceeds the thickness of reinforced concrete protective coating.Adopting other measurements simultaneously to improve the durability of lining concrete at the tunnel openings is essential.     

Freeze-thaw Resistance of Concrete in Seawater

The effect of freeze-thaw cycles in seawater on the performance of concrete was studied in this paper. Concrete samples with different water binder ratio and different component were prepared,and were then put into fresh water and synthesized seawater. After the experiments of freeze-thaw cycles,the mass loss,relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) and compressive strength of each sample were tested. The results obtained reveal that with the increase of the water binder ratio,the resistance ability of freeze-thaw impact in seawater of concrete decrease dramatically. When the concrete contain 15% fly ash and 20% slag,its resistance ability to the freeze-thaw impact in seawater is the optimal. Compared to the seawater corrosion,the impact of freeze-thaw cycles to the properties of concrete is severer.     

硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土中硫酸根离子分布的神经网络预测分析

基于BP神经网络算法,以硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土试验数据为训练样本,建立了考虑工作环境条件、硫酸盐溶液浓度、循环次数和侵蚀时间等影响因素的硫酸盐侵蚀混凝土中硫酸根离子沿侵蚀深度分布的内推与外推预测模型.经验证,该模型具有良好的预测效果,为混凝土结构的耐久性研究提供了新的途径.     

Influences of a New Admixture MX on Concrete Durability

The performance of concrete with a new admixture MX was studied by using the freeze-thaw cycle, permeability aud chemical attack test. The experimental results show that MX improves the durability of concrete. Within the optimum proportion ranges from 0. 1% to 1% , the compressive strength of concrete after freezethaw is increased by 20%- 50% , and Young‘ s modulus can be increased by 3.76- 5.64 times. The strength aud weight loss of concrete with 0. 4% MX are respectively decreased by 28% and 60% after hydrochloric acid attack.The strength aud weight loss of concrete with 0. 4% MX are decreased by 5%- 20% after sulfuric acid aud sodium sulfate attack. The permeability of concrete with 1% MX at 28 days can be decreased by more than 30% . The investigation of the negative temperature property of MX aud analysis on concrete composition and microstructure by MIP reveal that the heat couduction is resisted aud the freezing procedure of solution in concrete pore is retarded due to the adding of MX. Moreover, the pore structure of concrete with MX is improved, thus improving the durability. Bated on this study, a resistance model of MX to block the heat aud mass transference was proposed, and the mechanism of durability improvement of concrete with MX was explained.     

高渗透压-硫酸盐侵蚀下混凝土时空劣化

为了模拟研究混凝土海水环境下的侵蚀损伤及劣化规律,采用质量分数10% Na₂SO₄溶液对混凝土试样进行不同渗透压和不同时长下的室内侵蚀试验. 结合微米压痕试验、CT扫描试验和电子显微镜扫描试验,对高渗透压-硫酸盐耦合侵蚀作用下混凝土的侵蚀损伤及微观力学性能进行研究. 试验结果显示,渗透压加速了离子迁移,主要起到了促进化学侵蚀作用. 渗透压越大,混凝土化学损伤速率越快,侵蚀深度越深;骨料与砂浆胶结处是易侵蚀、易破坏的薄弱点;混凝土内部孔隙易生成水化产物,高渗透压下容易生成大量短柱状石膏晶体及细密的针状钙矾石晶体.