库车坳陷古近系白云岩地球化学特征及成因

为了分析库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群白云岩的成因,利用薄片染色、微量元素和稳定同位素测试等方法为手段,系统分析该套白云岩地球化学特征,并讨论其成因。研究表明,该套白云岩主要分为膏质云岩和泥（粉）晶白云岩两种类型。白云岩的微量元素和同位素特征表明其形成于较高盐度、高Mg/Ca比、强还原的海陆过渡环境。古近纪早期库车坳陷西部地区间断性海侵和强烈蒸发环境使得水体盐度较高,并为准同生期白云岩的形成提供了镁离子来源。结合沉积、岩相特征认为该套白云岩有蒸发白云石化及回流渗透白云石化两种成因类型,蒸发白云石化形成的膏质云岩主要分布在低能的潮上环境,回流渗透白云石化形成的膏质泥(粉)晶白云岩或膏质砂屑白云岩分布于中低能的潮下—泻湖环境。     

塔里木盆地和田河气田下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地和田河气田是最近探明的大型碳酸盐岩气田,下奥陶统主要发育两类白云岩。下部为层状白云岩,以细晶为主,阴极发光呈紫红色和蓝紫色,有序度为0.57～0.68,Sr、Na含量低,碳氧同位素偏负,成岩深度约1500m;上部斑状灰质白云岩与层状白云岩相比,晶形较粗、以中晶为主,有序度较高、为0.85～0.90,Sr偏高、Na偏低,碳氧同位素更偏负,成岩深度约2000m。通过对上述特征综合研究,认为层状白云岩形成于早期浅埋藏海水-淡水混合环境,提出斑状灰质白云岩形成于晚期深埋藏压实流-淡水混合环境,总结了两种成因机理,建立了相关的白云石化模式。     

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田石炭系地层水化学特征及成因

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田石炭系地层水化学分析结果表明,地层水是以阴阳离子分别为Cl-和(Na++K+)为主的CaCl2型水,具有高矿化度特征(112～291 g/L)。地层水的钠氯系数均值为0.78,脱硫酸系数均值为0.23,Schoeller碱交换指数(IBE)均值为128。地层水化学参数在平面上相对变化不大,在剖面上随深度的增加,HCO3-、SO42-含量具有减小的趋势,而其他离子变化相对较小,表明研究区内的地层水形成于深部封闭环境条件下。地层水化学分析表明,该区地层水经历了强烈的阳离子交替吸附和水岩相互作用。(铁)白云石化作用导致了Ca2+的富集和Mg2+的亏损,形成了现今的地层水离子分布特征。石炭系地层水在构造反转油气藏调整时期一直处于相对封闭的流体动力环境中,这种环境有利于油气的聚集与保存。     

塔里木盆地北部天然气成因类型特征

塔里木盆地北部的天然气按成因类型主可划分为腐泥型，腐殖型和腐泥－腐殖混合型的气三种。其地球化学特征表现在烃类的组成，Ｃ６－Ｃ７的轻烃组成及 位素组成等有着明显的不同。主体为主成熟的腐泥型气，与海相原油密切共生；正常腐殖气与陆相原油密切相关混合型气与不同母质来源气的混合程度有关。     

一个典型的寒武系油藏:塔里木盆地塔中62井油藏成因分析

塔里木盆地志留系沥青砂岩广泛发育,主要原因是来源于寒武系的原油在进入志留系储层后区域性的抬升剥蚀使油藏遭到严重破坏,但到目前为止,究竟是寒武系烃源岩还是中上奥陶统烃源岩或是两者都对现今的志留系沥青砂岩中的有机质有贡献还不清楚.对塔中62井原油的化学组成和油源的分析表明,其甾萜类组成具有寒武系烃源岩的组成特征,反映该油藏原油主要来源于寒武系.另一方面,塔中62井砂岩透镜体被泥岩圈闭,油藏具有较好的保存条件,且后期中上奥陶统生成的烃类难以充注进入油藏.塔中62井志留系油藏破坏作用较弱、保存较好,是塔里木盆地在志留系发现的第一例来源于寒武系的油藏.     

塔里木盆地西北缘寒武系中热水白云石团块特征及成因研究

在塔里木盆地西北缘寒武系中,发育有团块状的热水白云石,其具有明显的层控性:产出在中寒武统顶到上寒武统底的蒸发岩向白云岩过渡段,且仅赋存于粉晶白云岩中.热水白云石具有典型的鞍状白云石特征:弯曲的晶面,波状消光,边缘多发生去白云岩化.地球化学分析显示,其Ca/Mg值稍高于基质白云石,Sr、Fe、Mn和Ba含量也略高于基质白...     

塔里木阿瓦提凹陷乌鲁桥油苗地化特征及来源

阿瓦提凹陷乌鲁桥油苗全油碳同位素较重(-29.4‰)。在甲基菲分布分数图版上落在高成熟油区;甲基菲比值为2.03,高于塔里木盆地现已发现的高成熟凝析油和成熟度较高的原油,表明该油苗的成熟度高。萜烷、甾烷分布具有C29Ts、重排藿烷含量低,伽玛蜡烷丰度较高,中等—高丰度C28甾烷,低重排甾烷等分布特征。这与凹陷及其周缘的石炭系—二叠系、三叠系及中—上奥陶统这三套烃源岩的明显不同,而与寒武系烃源岩相似。综合分析认为乌鲁桥油苗来源于寒武系烃源岩成熟晚期阶段生成的烃类。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷油岩地球化学特征及原油成因来源

东海盆地西湖凹陷具有大量的原油资源,但对于原油成因讨论较少.采集西湖凹陷多个油样和岩样,利用气相色谱和傅里叶红外光谱等手段,全面分析了该区烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,综合讨论了原油来源以及凝析油和高蜡轻质油的成因.研究结果表明,平湖组煤系源岩均处于热演化的成熟阶段,其中碳质泥岩和煤岩以陆源生物为主要生源,其干酪根类型为Ⅲ型,暗色泥岩则具有陆源生物和水生生物双重生源贡献,其干酪根类型Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,同时碳质泥岩和煤的生油潜力远高于泥岩.原油主要为凝析油和轻质油,凝析油具有低密度、低蜡等“六低一高”的特点,轻质油具有高蜡特质,而且轻烃组分有明显差异.生标参数显示大部分原油为腐殖型,少部分原油表现出具有腐殖和腐泥母质的特点,同时该区原油均处于中等成熟阶段.油油对比和油岩对比表明大部分油来自平湖组碳质泥岩和煤岩,具有典型Ⅲ型腐殖油的特征;少部分油来自暗色泥岩,具有Ⅱ-Ⅲ型油的特征(总体上仍偏腐殖型).凝析油和轻质油的物性及轻烃组分的差异与源岩母质无关.凝析油是干酪根在成熟演化阶段生成的原油遭受蒸发分馏作用的结果,高蜡轻质油除了是“蒸发分馏作用”的残余油外,还有部分是“混合作用”的结果.      

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

塔里木盆地塔中1井藻纹层白云岩与竹叶状白云岩成因——基于岩石学、元素与同位素地球化学的厘定

塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系底部发育了大量的白云岩, 白云岩中赋存丰富的油气资源, 但是由于塔里木盆地白云岩研究基础薄弱,限制了塔里木盆地白云岩型油气藏的勘探。本文选择塔中地区塔中1井下奥陶统藻纹层白云岩与夹层竹叶状白云岩作为对象,应用岩石学与地球化学方法对其成因问题进行了研究。藻纹层白云岩与夹层竹叶状白云岩的宏观构造与微观结构指示其可能形成于高能的潮坪环境;低有序度值（0.6）与塔北地区中寒武统阿瓦塔格组潮坪同沉积白云岩(有序度值0.61)特点一致,指示该白云岩结晶速率较快;同时,高Fe、Mn含量与低U、Mo含量也与氧化环境的潮坪相一致。藻纹层白云岩与夹层竹叶状白云岩δ18O值非常集中, 变化在-7.4‰～-5.8‰;87Sr/86Sr组成变化很小,在0.709015～0.709276之间,与前人报道的晚寒武世－早奥陶世海水同位素特征一致,同时白云岩的稀土元素配分模式也与下奥陶统泥晶灰岩一致,指示了白云岩的沉积/成岩物质来源于蒸发海水;白云岩δ13C值变化从-2.5‰～+1.6‰,并有着随深度增加而升高的变化规律,可能指示了古海洋的碳同位素氧化。藻纹层白云岩与夹层竹叶状白云岩的构造特点具有原生沉积特征,同时白云岩CaO与MgO含量的正相关关系也支持该白云岩原生沉积特点。因此,塔里木盆地塔中1井钻遇的下奥陶统藻纹层白云岩与夹层竹叶状白云岩为潮坪环境下,从蒸发海水中快速沉积形成的。     

Microbial dolomite in the sabkha environment of the middle Cambrian in the Tarim Basin,NW China

In the Tarim Basin, dolomite, which formed during the middle Cambrian associated with evaporites, has been attributed to the sabkha-style dolomite formed during the syndepositional period. The sedimentary microfacies suggests dolomite formation in the middle Cambrian is an ancient analogue of the sabkha of Abu Dhabi. Poorly crystallised dolomite spheroids or ovoids within or on the surface of dolomite crystals are a common phenomenon that can be widely observed in different stromatolites in the upper part of the intertidal zone and strongly resemble the morphology in modern sabkha dolomite-producing microbial mats and in microbial culture experiments. These lines of evidence suggest organic substrates for dolomite nucleation. Dolomite formation in the middle Cambrian in the Tarim Basin has been considered a classic analogue for carbonate and evaporate assemblages. The extent of microbial dolomite in ancient sabkha environments is proposed as an alternative model for dolomite formation, in which the mineral properties of organic substrates play a crucial role.     

塔里木盆地寒武系鞍状白云石孔隙充填物差异与成因

塔里木盆地寒武系发育有一套厚达千米的白云岩层系,其中发育的鞍状白云石,记录了成岩过程中流体演化过程。本次研究通过电子探针分析鞍状白云石充填物的形貌特征、内部结构和地球化学特征,将本区的鞍状白云石分为三种主要类型:去白云石化鞍状白云石、富铁鞍状白云石和富铁富锰鞍状白云石等。三类白云石形成于不同的环境中,其形成流体的性质也存在很大的差异。去白云石环带白云石可能与层内流体有一定关系,富铁环带和富铁锰环带白云石都受到了与断裂相关流体的影响,而富铁锰环带的形成流体深度更深。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Origin of Natural Gases in the Qaidam Basin, China

Sixty-five natural gas samples were collected from 19 oil-gasfields in the Qaidam basin, China. The chemical composition and carbon isotope values of the samples were measured, and the geochemical characteristics and origin of the natural gases were studied. The gases can be divided into biogenic gases, sapropelic oil-type gases, mixed type oil-type gases, coal-type gases and mixed gas. The δ13Ci values of the biogenic gases are very small and the C2+ contents of them are very low, ranging from -68.2‰ to -61.8‰ and 0.06% to 0.20% respectively. They have heavy δD and δ13Cco2> showing a CC>2 reduction pathway. They are distributed in the East depression region and derived from the Quaternary source rocks. The sapropelic oil-type gases have small δ13C2 values and high C2+ ranging from -36.6‰ to -28.6‰ and from 33.01% to 47.15% respectively. The mixed type oil-type gases have <5I3C2 values and C2+ contents varying from -28.6‰ to -24.8‰ and from 4.81% to 26.06% respectively. Both sapropelic oil-typ     

巴楚地区下丘里塔格组层序地层及对储层影响

塔里木盆地巴楚地区下丘里塔格组主要为一套局限台地相沉积,广泛发育厚层状白云岩储层,是目前寒武系最为重要的油气勘探目的层.运用测井、地震资料,结合岩性组合特征综合分析,对巴楚地区下丘里塔格组进行了层序地层划分,确定出该组包含4个三级层序,层序内部主要表现为海侵体系域和高位体系域的组合.其中,高位体系域不完全发育.在层序分析的基础上,通过岩心薄片和钻井油、气、水显示资料综合分析,认为三级层序影响了巴楚地区下丘里塔格组白云岩储层发育,是储层发育的主要控制因素.下丘里塔格组(岩溶型)白云岩储层主要发育于层序界面下部的高位期,特别是有短期暴露界面下的高位晚期.     

塔里木盆地古城地区鹰山组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征及成因

白云岩成因一直是地质学研究的热点领域。塔里木盆地塔东低隆起古城低凸起中—下奥陶统鹰山组发育厚层白云岩。为研究这些白云岩的成因,在岩心、薄片观测基础上,按照晶体粒度大小将白云岩分为泥晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩、细晶白云岩、中晶白云岩、粗晶白云岩,并对各类白云岩及缝洞充填物进行了稀土元素地球化学特征的研究。结果表明,各类白云岩及缝洞充填物稀土元素NASC配分模式分为6种类型：δCe弱正异常δEu正异常型、δCe负异常δEu强正异常型、δCe强负异常型、微右倾型、微左倾型和平坦型。分析上述6种白云岩及缝洞充填物的成因为：前2种类型形成于两期热液或不同演化阶段的同一期热液环境;第3种类型形成于蒸发泵模式;第4和第5种形成于两种性质不同的埋藏白云化流体;第6种则由渗透回流作用形成。古城地区鹰山组白云岩的成因非常复杂,成因模式多样,包括蒸发泵模式、渗透回流模式、埋藏白云化模式、热液白云化模式4种。     

塔东地区古城4井上寒武统—中、上奥陶统流体地球化学示踪

通过对塔东地区古城4井上寒武统和中、上奥陶统碳酸盐岩围岩及充填物的碳、氧、锶同位素地球化学和流体包裹体成分的对比研究表明,充填于中、上奥陶统和上寒武统的流体分属于2个不同来源的流体体系。充填于中、上奥陶统灰岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)介于0.7084~0.7088,它与早奥陶世海水的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)相近;流体体系为CH4-H2O体系;充填物与围岩间具有明显的碳、氧同位素差异,表明上部流体体系中的流体来自于奥陶系地层本身。上寒武统白云岩裂缝中方解石脉的w(87Sr)/w(86Sr)为0.7138,明显地高于同时代海水的锶同位素值;流体体系为CO2-H2O体系;下部流体体系中的流体为外来富锶流体。上、下流体体系间互不连通暗示着上寒武统地层具有相对较好的保存条件。     

Syn-sedimentary hydrothermal dolomites in a lacustrine rift basin: Petrographic and geochemical evidence from the lower Cretaceous Erlian Basin,Northern China

Dolomites occur extensively in the lower Cretaceous along syn-sedimentary fault zones of the Baiyinchagan Sag, westernmost Erlian Basin, within a predominantly fluvial–lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Four types of dolomite are identified, associated with hydrothermal minerals such as natrolite, analcime and Fe-bearing magnesite. The finely-crystalline dolomites consist of anhedral to subhedral crystals (2 to 10 μm), evenly commixed with terrigenous sediments that occur either as matrix-supporting grains (Fd1) or as massive argillaceous dolostone (Fd2). Medium-crystalline (Md) dolomites are composed of subhedral to euhedral crystals aggregates (50 to 250 μm) and occur in syn-sedimentary deformation laminae/bands. Coarse-crystalline (Cd) dolomites consist of non-planar crystals (mean size >1 mm), and occur as fracture infills cross-cutting the other dolomite types. The Fd1, Md and Cd dolomites have similar values of δ¹⁸O (−20·5 to −11·0‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) and δ¹³C (+1·4 to +4·5‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite), but Fd2 dolomites are isotopically distinct (δ¹⁸O −8·5 to −2·3‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite; δ¹³C +1·4 to +8·6‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite). Samples define three groups which differ in light rare-earth elements versus high rare-earth elements enrichment/depletion and significance of Tb, Yb and Dy anomalies. Medium-crystalline dolomites have signatures that indicate formation from brines at very high temperature, with salinities of 11·8 to 23·2 eq. wt. % NaCl and T_h values of 167 to 283°C. The calculated temperatures of Fd1 and Cd dolomites extend to slightly lower values (141 to 282°C), while Fd2 dolomites are distinctly cooler (81 to 124°C). These results suggest that the dolomites formed from hydrothermal fluid during and/or penecontemporaneous with sediment deposition. Faults and fractures bounding the basin were important conduits through which high-temperature Mg-rich fluids discharged, driven by an abnormally high heat flux associated with local volcanism. It is thought that differing amounts of cooling and degassing of these hydrothermal fluids, and of mixing with lake waters, facilitated the precipitation of dolomite and associated minerals, and resulted in the petrographic and geochemical differences between the dolomites.     

江西武功山穹隆花岗岩岩石地球化学特征与成因

江西武功山地区发育典型的穹隆花岗岩（变质核杂岩），该区中心部位出露中生代花岗岩类和花岗质片麻岩，近EW向展布的晚古生代－中生代萍乡、安福盆地分别位于其北、南两侧。武功山中生代花岗岩类以富SiO2、K2O，Rb、Th、LREE，贫Ba、Nb，且具明显Eu负异常为特点，同时花岗岩中含有夕线石、石榴子石等富铝矿物，表明属于S型花岗岩，反映陆内构造环境。与中生代花岗岩相比，山庄加里东期花岗闪长岩具有不同的岩石地球化学特点，ISr为0．7066，接近于I型，其构造背景与大陆边缘岩浆弧环境较为相似。中生代花岗岩类具有3个不同的岩相分带，岩石学与地球化学研究表明，不同岩相带具有相似的岩石学和地球化学特征，说明武功山穹隆状花岗岩经历了从三叠纪到早白垩世的演化过程，武功山变质核杂岩伸展构造发育在一个古老的加里东期变质基底之上。通过对该区花岗岩类及花岗质片麻岩的岩石学、地球化学特征分析，为揭示穹隆花岗岩构造的形成机制和地球动力学背景提供了依据。     

Sedimentation Rate Rhythms: Evidence from Filling of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China

Variations of sedimentation rate within a basin over geologic time are a time series that can be filtered into several cyclic wave curves. Based on back-stripping and the empirical mode decomposition method, the cores from 14 wells in the Tarim Basin were selected to do filtering analysis. Four cycles or quasi-cycles (33 Ma, 64.4 Ma, 103.6 Ma, and 224 Ma) were obtained. Among these, the 33 Ma period, which was related to the internal earth activity, an external force, or a combination of the two, was the most obvious. The 64.4 Ma period corresponded to the solar system crossing the galaxy plane or the periodic melting of inner-earth material. The 103.6 Ma period was related with plate collisional tectonism around the Tarim Plate. The 224 Ma period was related to one galaxy year and may also be related to the aesthenospherical convection cycle.     

Submarine silica-rich hydrothermal activity during the earliest Cambrian in the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Siliceous rocks were widely deposited in many continents during the Ediacaran–Cambrian (E–C) transition. Based on detailed field investigations in the Aksu area of the Tarim Basin in Northwest China, this study presents evidence of a submarine silica-rich hydrothermal system preserved in the E–C boundary successions. This system consists of a lower stockwork silica-dominant vein swarm zone in the karstified dolostone of the uppermost Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation, which terminates directly under the overlying bedded chert and black shale succession of the lowermost Cambrian Yurtus Formation. The stockwork vein swarms were filled dominantly by a wide spectrum of silica precipitates (amorphous silica, chalcedony, spherulite, fine to coarse quartz) with subordinate pyrite, Fe-(oxyhydr)oxide, and barite. The host dolostones that were dissected by the vein swarms also suffered extensive silicification and recrystallization. The vertical stacking relationship of silica-dominant vein swarms and overlying bedded chert suggests they were formed by an identical low-temperature, silica-rich diffusive submarine hydrothermal system in the earliest Cambrian. This suggestion is further supported by fluid inclusion microthermometry (T_h 40–200°C) of the quartz-barite vein fills. In this case, silica-rich hydrothermal fluids were channelled and precipitated partially along the stockwork veins in the antecedent karstified dolostone and vented mostly into seawater, promoting widespread deposition of bedded chert on the seafloor of Tarim Basin in the earliest Cambrian. This study provides a useful clue and analogue to understand the widespread silica deposition and coeval vast oceanic and geochemical changes during the E–C transition in the Tarim Basin and elsewhere.