临床评分和D-二聚体检查在下肢深静脉血栓中的应用

目的 评价临床Wells评分和(或)D-二聚体检查能否安全、可靠地排除或诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT).方法 回顾性收集两家医院疑诊DVT的住院患者,所有患者均在48 h内进行临床评价、D-二聚体检查和双侧下肢静脉加压超声检查.比较单独应用临床评分或D-二聚体检查,以及临床评分结合D-二聚体检查诊断DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.描述性资料采用频数分析,组间比较采用卡方检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 共有274例患者纳入研究.以低度可能性为阴性结果,中、高度可能性为阳性结果,临床Wells评分诊断DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为78.4%、66.1%、52.3%和86.6%;以D-二聚体≥500μg/L为阳性结果,D-二聚体检查诊断DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为73.9%、66.1%、50.8%和84.2%;以低度可能性同时D-二聚体<500μg/L为阴性结果,中、高度可能性同时D-二聚体≥500μg/L为阳性结果,临床Wells评分结合D-二聚体检查诊断DVT的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为88.3%、76.8%、67.1%和92.5%.结论 针对临床疑诊DVT的患者,单独应用临床Wells评分或D-二聚体检查,以诊断或排除DVT是不准确的;联合应用临床Wells评分和D-二聚体检查,才能对患者是否患有DVT作出较为准确的判断.     

超敏心肌肌钙蛋白I联合D-二聚体对急性主动脉夹层与急性心肌梗死的鉴别诊断价值

目的分析超敏心肌肌钙蛋白I(hs-cTnI)联合D-二聚体对急性主动脉夹层(AAD)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)的鉴别诊断价值。方法选取2015年6月—2017年12月在中山大学附属东华医院住院的AAD患者37例(AAD组),非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者107例(NSTEMI组),ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者183例(STEMI组)。比较3组患者一般资料、实验室检查指标、入院后首次hs-cTnI及D-二聚体水平;绘制ROC曲线以分析hs-cTnI、D-二聚体及二者联合对AAD与AMI的鉴别诊断价值。结果 (1)3组患者男性比例、年龄,高血压病史、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、血肌酐、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);NSTEMI组、STEMI组患者中有糖尿病病史者所占比例高于AAD组(P0.05)。(2)NSTEMI组、STEMI组患者hs-cTnI水平及其升高发生率高于AAD组,D-二聚体水平及其升高发生率低于AAD组(P0.05)。(3)ROC曲线显示,hs-cTnI鉴别诊断AAD与NSTEMI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.929,最佳截断值为0.95μg/L,灵敏度为93.5%,特异度为83.8%,阳性预测值为94.3%,阴性预测值为81.6%,而鉴别诊断AAD与STEMI的AUC为0.914,最佳截断值为0.95μg/L,灵敏度为84.7%,特异度为83.8%,阳性预测值为96.3%,阴性预测值为52.5%;D-二聚体鉴别诊断AAD与NSTEMI的AUC为0.977,最佳截断值为1.20 mg/L,灵敏度为94.6%,特异度为88.8%,阳性预测值为74.4%,阴性预测值为97.9%,而鉴别诊断AAD与STEMI的AUC为0.914,最佳截断值为1.20 mg/L,灵敏度为94.6%,特异度为91.8%,阳性预测值为70.0%,阴性预测值为98.8%。hs-cTnI联合D-二聚体(hs-cTnI0.95μg/L且D-二聚体1.20 mg/L)鉴别诊断AAD与NSTEMI的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均为100.0%,而鉴别诊断AAD与STEMI的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为100.0%、98.6%、93.5%和100.0%。结论 hs-cTnI联合D-二聚体对AAD与AMI的鉴别诊断价值较高,hs-cTnI0.95μg/L且D-二聚体1.20 mg/L时AMI可能性较小而AAD可能性非常大。     

联合检测活化蛋白C-蛋白C抑制物复合物、D-二聚体对静脉血栓栓塞症的诊断价值

目的探究活化蛋白C-蛋白C抑制物复合物(APC-PCI)、D-二聚体联合检测对静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的诊断价值。方法 81例疑诊VTE的患者,检测血浆D-二聚体及APC-PCI复合物浓度,经过影像学确诊31例VTE。分析两者对VTE的诊断价值。结果 VTE患者血浆APC-PCI复合物浓度显著高于非VTE组。以0.88ng/mL为诊断界值,敏感性为64.5%,特异性为86%,以0.5μg/mL为D-二聚体界值,敏感性为92.3%,特异性为66.7%。两者串联检测,特异性90%,阳性预测值78.3%;并联检测可显著提高敏感性和阴性预测值。结论 APC-PCI复合物浓度在VTE中显著升高,与D-二聚体联合检测后可提升阳性和阴性预测值,有利于高危人群的床旁快速诊断和鉴别。     

D-二聚体在肺栓塞诊断中的作用研究

目的 研究D-二聚体在诊断肺栓塞中的作用。方法 对80例临床可疑肺栓塞的患者进行回顾性分析，病人均行血D-二聚体测定和肺灌注扫描，通过肺扫描分为正常组、高可能性组和非诊断组，非诊断组再经肺动脉造影确定诊断。血D-二聚体测定采用乳胶凝集法。结果 共检出肺栓塞阳性41例，阴性39例，检出率51．2％。D-二聚体的敏感性和特异性分别为58．5％、51．3％，阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为55．8％、54．5％。结论 D-二聚体测定尚不宜作为肺栓塞的筛选指标。     

术前血浆D-二聚体含量对择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后心肌损伤的预测价值

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前血浆D-二聚体含量对术后心肌损伤的预测价值.方法:68例择期行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的患者,根据术后12～24 h肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)是否≥1.0 ng/ml而分为肌钙蛋白阳性组及肌钙蛋白阴性组.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定手术前、后血浆D-二聚体含量,并进行两组间的比较.结果:肌钙蛋白阳性组血浆D-二聚体含量术后即刻及术后12～24 h均高于术前(P＜0.05),在各时间点的血浆D-二聚体含量均高于肌钙蛋白阴性组(P＜0.05).多变量逐步Logistic回归分析表明术前及术后即刻血浆D-二聚体含量、术前血管狭窄程度是术后cTnI升高的独立预测指标(P＜0.05).ROC曲线分析显示预测术后cTnI升高的最佳界值为术前血浆D-二聚体含量≥0.345 mg/L.结论:术前血浆D-二聚体含量是术后心肌损伤的独立预测因素,术前血浆D-二聚体含量≥0.345 mg/L者应视为术后cTnI升高的高危患者.     

D-二聚体在急性肺栓塞快速临床诊断中的价值

目的探讨血浆D-二聚体、下肢深静脉血栓在急性肺栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)快速临床诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析疑诊为APE的178例患者的计算机(X线)断层摄影扫描肺血管造影或右心导管选择性肺动脉造影的临床资料、血浆D-二聚体浓度及下肢深静脉彩色多普勒检查结果。结果 APE患者血浆D-二聚体浓度阳性者59例(96.72%,59/61),非APE患者阳性32例(27.4%,32/117),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。APE患者经彩色多普勒超声检查发现下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)50例(82.0%,50/61),非APE患者DVT 6例(5.0%,6/117),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。48例(78.7%,48/61)APE患者血浆D-二聚体浓度阳性合并DVT,两项指标同为阳性时诊断APE的特异性99.1%,阳性预测值98.0%。血浆D-二聚体浓度阳性诊断APE的敏感性96.7%,特异性72.6%,阳性似然比3.54,阴性似然比0.04,阳性预测值64.8%,阴性预测值97.7%。结论血浆D-二聚体、下肢深静脉彩色多普勒检查值得作为常规方法为快速诊断及治疗APE提供依据。     

D-二聚体在急诊急性心血管疾病病人中的应用

目的探讨D-二聚体检测对于急诊急性心血管疾病诊断的临床价值。方法选取2012年3月—2013年3月于我院急诊进行抢救的246例,分为急性心血管疾病组和非急性心血管疾病组,并根据是否为急性冠脉综合征(ACS)将急性心血管疾病病人分为ACS和非ACS亚组,对比分析各组间血液D-二聚体浓度,评价其对急性心血管疾病诊断的意义。结果急性心血管疾病组病人血液D-二聚体浓度较非急性心血管疾病组显著升高(P0.05),ACS病人及非ACS病人的血液D-二聚体浓度与非急性心血管疾病组相比均显著升高(P0.05),且非ACS病人的血液D-二聚体浓度较ACS病人显著升高(P0.05);随着临界值设定的提高,敏感度和阴性预测值逐渐下降,而特异度和阳性预测值显著升高,D-二聚体临界值设定为400ng/mL时,其对于急性心血管疾病的诊断效果最好。结论 D-二聚体检测对于急性心血管疾病的诊断具有一定的临床意义,当血液D-二聚体浓度高于400ng/mL时,往往提示急性心血管疾病的发生。     

彩色多普勒超声和D-二聚体及凝血酶原时间联合检测对脑梗死患者下肢深静脉血栓的诊断价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声和D-二聚体及凝血酶原时间联合检测对脑梗死患者下肢深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年6月杭州市上城区紫阳街道社区卫生服务中心收治的急性脑梗死患者80例，根据静脉造影检查为金标准确定是否形成DVT分为对照组38例和DVT组42例。2组均行彩色多普勒超声检查，采用酶联免疫吸附法检测D-二聚体、凝血酶原时间。采用ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分析各参数对DVT的诊断价值。结果 超声检查显示，肌间静脉血管管腔局部扩张，内透声不佳，可见絮状低回声，加压探头显示血管管腔改变不明显。与对照组比较，DVT组D-二聚体水平明显升高，凝血酶原时间明显缩短，差异有统计学意义[(0.88±0.33)mg/L vs(0.37±0.10)mg/L,(9.19±2.50)s vs(13.35±3.46)s,P<0.01]。彩色多普勒超声对DVT阳性预测值为97.6%,阴性预测值为78.9%;D-二聚体对DVT阳性预测值为88.1%,阴性预测值为89.5%;凝血酶原时间对DVT阳性预测值为88.1%,阴性预测值为8...     

简化Wells评分联合血浆D-二聚体检测在门诊急性肺栓塞诊断中的应用

目的:探讨简化Wells评分联合血浆D-二聚体检测,对门诊急性肺栓塞(APE)患者的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2018年1月间,我院门诊的112例疑诊急性肺栓塞的患者,所有患者经多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)确诊,并采用简化Wells评分进行评估,记录门诊当日血浆D-二聚体数值,计算血浆D-二聚体曲线下面积(ROC),选择最佳临界值,计算敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)。结果:血浆D-二聚体对APE患者早期预测的敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV分别为96. 4%、46. 6%、64. 3%、92. 9%。D-二聚体ROC曲线下面积为0. 764,D-二聚体临界值为575μg/L。简化Wells评分对APE患者早期预测的敏感性、特异性、PPV、NPV分别为76. 8%、91. 1%、89. 6%、79. 7%。简化Wells评分联合血浆D-二聚体诊断APE的灵敏度分别为95. 6%、92. 9%、95. 6%、92. 9%。结论:简化Wells评分联合血浆D-二聚体检测对门诊APE患者有较高的预测价值,可用于门诊筛查APE患者。     

疑似肺栓塞患者肾功能损伤对D-二聚体水平的影响

目的:探讨肾功能损伤对疑似肺栓塞患者D-二聚体水平及其诊断价值的影响。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月至2013年12月,北京安贞医院住院且Wells评分为低-中度疑似肺栓塞的患者664例。通过肺血管造影计算机断层显像和/或核素肺通气-灌注扫描明确其是否存在肺栓塞。将患者分为肾功能正常组(GFR>90m L/分钟)、肾功能轻度受损组(GFR 60~89m L/分钟)和肾功能中度受损组(GFR 30~59m L/分钟)。应用多种统计学指标,包括D-二聚体阴性排除肺栓塞诊断的敏感性、特异性及每排除一例患者需要进行D-二聚体检测的例数(NNT),评价D-二聚体检测筛查肺栓塞的诊断价值。结果:D-二聚体水平随肾功能受损程度的增加而升高。以年龄调整界值为标准,在肾功能正常组、轻度受损组和中度受损组D-二聚体阴性比例分别为65.4%、51.2%和29.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);D-二聚体阴性排除肺栓塞的敏感性为93.8%~100%,而其特异性分别为70.5%,52%和39%;每排除一例肺栓塞患者需要进行D-二聚体检测的例数分别为3、3.6和4.8。结论:在疑似肺栓塞患者中,肾功能损害可导致D-二聚体水平显著升高,从而使得D-二聚体对肺栓塞的诊断效率显著下降。     

急性冠脉综合征患者治疗前后血清D-二聚体和MMP-9水平变化研究

目的观察瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血清D-二聚体和基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平变化,探讨瑞舒伐他汀对ACS患者稳定斑块的影响,及其临床检测价值。方法选择ACS患者85例及正常对照组30例,ACS患者在常规治疗基础上采用瑞舒伐他汀治疗,比较治疗前后血清D-二聚体和MMP-9的水平变化。结果 ACS患者治疗前血清D-二聚体和MMP-9水平均显著高于对照组;瑞舒伐他汀治疗2周后,血清血清D-二聚体和MMP-9水平均显著低于治疗前,但仍显著高于正常对照组;血清D-二聚体与MMP-9呈显著性正相关。结论 ACS患者存在着高水平的D-二聚体及MMP-9,在经过瑞舒伐他汀治疗后血清D-二聚体及MMP-9水平显著降低,显示瑞舒伐他汀可稳定斑块,动态检测血清D-二聚体及MMP-9水平变化可作为ACS发生的预测指标。     

The role of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-dimer in patients with acute coronary syndrome presenting with normal cardiac enzymes.

Plasma D-dimer levels, the primary degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, are elevated in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the role of D-dimer in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with ACS and normal cardiac enzymes is unknown. We conducted a prospective, observational study in the Emergency Department of a major tertiary university-affiliated center. The study included 124 patients presented to the Emergency Department with ACS and normal cardiac enzymes. Blood samples were collected and assayed for D-dimer levels with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The D-dimer values were correlated with the clinical, laboratory and electrocardiographic findings on admission, as well as with the catheterization findings and with hospital length of stay. ELISA D-dimer levels positively correlated with sex, hypertension and smoking (r = -0.27, P = 0.002; r = 0.33, P = 0.0002; and r = -0.24, P = 0.007, respectively). Significant correlation was also observed between ELISA D-dimer and cardiac medications including beta-blocker (r = 0.22, P = 0.01), aspirin (r = 0.18, P = 0.04), nitrate (r = 0.20, P = 0.002), acute phase reactants fibrinogen (r = 0.45, P = 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.29, P = 0.004), ischemic electrocardiographic changes (r = 0.21, P = 0.02) and length of stay (r = 0.29, P = 0.001). The catheterization findings were also correlated with the ELISA D-dimer levels (r = 0.31, P = 0.02). The ELISA D-dimer test may add important clinical data concerning patients with ACS and normal cardiac enzymes.     

Association of D-dimer with long-term prognosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background and aimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) accounts for more and more individuals worldwide. D-dimer has been demonstrated to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim is to study the potential impact of D-dimer on the long-term prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the special population with type 2 DM.Methods and resultsA total of 2265 consecutive patients with DM and ACS were eligible in the study. Patients were divided into four groups according to quartiles of D-dimer concentration. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to explore the prognostic value of D-dimer for future outcomes. Patients with higher level of D-dimer presented with higher percentage of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (23.7%), all-cause death (18.3%) and cardiovascular (CV) death (9.4%) in Quartile 4. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, D-dimer was demonstrated to be independently associated with MACEs, all-cause death and CV death. The prognostic value of D-dimer is still significant in subgroups of HbA1C <7% and ≥7%. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, higher D-dimer showed poorer prognosis in MACEs, all-cause death and CV death (all log rank p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis is 0.609 for MACEs, 0.708 for all-cause death, 0.747 for CV death (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated the independent predictive value of D-dimer for outcomes in DM patients with ACS. In addition, for the first time, we explored the prognostic value in different glucose control status.     

急性冠脉综合征患者血浆D-二聚体和vWf的变化及临床意义

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者血浆止血标志物的变化及意义。方法分别对30例急性心肌梗死（AMI）、30例不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）、20例稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者和16例健康人清晨空腹采血3毫升,以ELISA方法检测血浆D-二聚体和血管性假血友病因子（vWf）的水平。结果AMI患者血浆D-二聚体和vWf水平显著高于UAP患者（P〈0.05）,UAP患者血浆D-二聚体和vWf水平显著高于SAP患者和健康对照组（P〈0.05）。结论急性冠脉综合征患者存在显著的凝血纤溶系统激活和内皮损伤。     

急性冠脉综合征预后与其支架术前CRP、Fib、D-二聚体水平的关系

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)预后与其支架术前C反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、D-二聚体水平的关系。方法:分别选择110例健康体检者(健康对照组)和110例接受冠脉支架术治疗的ACS患者(ACS组),测定两组患者CRP、Fib和D-二聚体的水平。6个月后对ACS组患者进行心血管事件评定,根据是否发生心血管事件分为事件组(35例)和非事件组两组(75例)。结果:与健康对照组比较,ACS组患者CRP[(2.02±1.17)mg/L比(11.15±3.12)mg/L]、Fib[(2.65±1.07)g/L比(4.03±1.19)g/L]、D-二聚体[(193.97±18.13)μg/L比(632.15±21.72)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05);与非事件组患者比较,事件组CRP[(9.69±3.14)mg/L比(14.28±3.32)mg/L]、Fib[(3.88±1.09)g/L比(4.36±1.23)g/L]、D-二聚体[(509.13±21.57)μg/L比(895.77±25.03)μg/L]的水平明显升高(P<0.05),直线相关分析显示,事件组患者CRP与Fib(r=0.41,P<0.05)、D-二聚体(r=0.54,P<0.01)水平呈正相关,Fib与D-二聚体亦呈正相关(r=0.39,P<0.05)。结论:急性冠脉综合征患者C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原和D-二聚体的水平较健康体检者升高,急性冠脉综合征支架术前C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平越高,其预后越差。     

急性冠脉综合征早期辅助应用麝香保心丸治疗的作用及安全性临床研究

目的：探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)早期辅助应用中药麝香保心丸(SXBXW)治疗有效性、安全性和预防心脑血管事件的益处。方法：将153例ACS病人随机单盲分为两组：SXBXW组(治疗组)77例，SXBXW每次2丸(每丸22．5mg)，1日3次；安慰剂组(对照组)76例，安慰剂每次2粒，1日3次。两组均按ACS常规治疗，且随访1年，观察两组抗心绞痛疗效、心功能改变、心脑血管事件发生情况及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗组显著改善心绞痛(AP)症状(总有效率88.3％)；改善AP的缺血心电图(总有效率57.4％)，二者均优于对照组(P均＜0．05)；治疗组随访1年中复发性AP、非致死性心肌梗死(MI)、心力衰竭(HF)、需做经皮腔内冠脉成形术／冠脉旁路移植术(PTCA/CABG)、需再住院治疗的病例均较对照组明显降低(P＜0．05)；SXBXW治疗3个月明显改善左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)、二尖辨快速充盈期和心房收缩期血流速度比(E／A)，且明显优于对照组(P均＜0．05)。治疗组降低C—反应蛋白(CRP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和D—二聚体作用均明显优于对照组(P均＜0.05)，又SXBXW辅助治疗ACS不良反应轻微。结论：ACS早期辅助应用SXBXW有效安全，可预防心脑血管事件发生，作为辅助药物之一值得推广应用。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清D-二聚体及同型半胱胺酸水平的变化

目的 通过观察瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血清D-二聚体(D-D)及同型半胱胺酸(Hcy)水平变化,探讨瑞舒伐他汀对凝血和纤溶的影响,以及检测血清D-D和Hcy的临床价值.方法 选择临床确诊的ACS患者85例,在常规治疗(溶栓、阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、低分子肝素、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β2-受体阻滞剂等治疗,不予任何调脂药物)基础上采用瑞舒伐他汀治疗2周,观察血清D-D(检测采用ELISA法)和Hcy(检测采用EIA法)水平变化.结果 ACS患者存在血清D-D和Hcy水平异常升高,显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);瑞舒伐他汀治疗2周后,血清D-D和Hcy水平均显著降低(P＜0.01),但与对照组相比仍具有显著性(P＜0.01);血清D-D与Hcy呈正相关(r=0.419,P＜0.01).结论 瑞舒伐他汀可显著降低ACS患者血清D-D及Hcy水平,具有改善血液凝固、纤溶系统活性亢进、降低高Hcy血症及稳定斑块的作用,动态联合检测ACS患者血清D-D及Hcy水平有利于病情观察、指导治疗及预后判定.     

Patterns of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary cardiac care centre

ObjectivesTo analyse the pattern of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary cardiac care centre.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 511 adult patients admitted between July 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020, with COVID-19 infection and having either new onset or pre-existing CVDs. Clinical features, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, chest X-ray, biomarkers, haematological and biochemical parameters were analysed.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 56.62 ± 14.74 years. Male: Female ratio was 2.78:1. Pre-existing CVDs were present in 258 patients (50.5%). The most common cardiovascular manifestation was acute coronary syndrome (ACS), seen in 259 patients (50.7%). ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was more common than non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Possible myocarditis was seen in 52 patients (10.1%). Rhythm and conduction abnormalities were noted in 144 patients (28.2%), the most common being QT prolongation, seen in 51 patients (10%). In-hospital mortality occurred in 97 patients (18.9%). Age, serum Ferritin level, D-dimer, NT-pro-BNP and total leukocyte count were significantly higher among patients with in-hospital mortality compared to survival group. Blood lymphocyte count and Haemoglobin level were significantly lower in mortality-group, compared to survival-group. Incidence of pre-existing CVDs, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF), and renal failure were significantly higher in mortality-group compared to survival-group.ConclusionThe most common CVD in COVID-19 patients in our study was ACS. STEMI was more common than NSTE-ACS. Advanced age, elevated serum ferritin, D-dimer, NT pro-BNP, leucocytosis, lymphopenia, lower haemoglobin, pre-existing CVDs heart failure, cardiogenic shock, AF and renal failure were associated with increased mortality in these patients.     

Normal D-dimer levels in emergency department patients suspected of acute pulmonary embolism

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine:1) whether normal D-dimer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays predicted the absence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the high-volume emergency department (ED) of the Brigham and Women's Hospital, and 2) whether ED physicians accepted normal D-dimer levels as confirmation of no PE without further diagnostic testing such as lung scanning, chest computed tomography (CT) scanning, or pulmonary angiography. BACKGROUND: Although the plasma D-dimer ELISA is a sensitive screening test for excluding acute PE, this laboratory marker has not been widely integrated into clinical algorithms such as creatine kinase-MB fraction or troponin testing for acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: We mandated that ED physicians order D-dimer ELISA tests on all patients suspected of acute PE. We reviewed the clinical record of each ED patient initially evaluated for suspected PE during the year 2000. We determined whether additional imaging tests for PE were obtained and whether the final diagnosis was PE. RESULTS: Of 1,106 D-dimer assays, 559 were elevated and 547 were normal. Only 2 of 547 had PE despite a normal D-dimer. The sensitivity of the D-dimer ELISA for acute PE was 96.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 87.5% to 99.6%), and the negative predictive value was 99.6% (95% CI: 98.7% to >99.9%). Nevertheless, 24% of patients with normal D-dimers had additional imaging tests for PE. CONCLUSIONS: The D-dimer ELISA has a high negative predictive value for excluding PE. By paying more attention to normal D-dimer results, fewer chest CT scans and lung scans will be required, and improvements may be realized in diagnostic efficiency and cost reduction.     

D-二聚体定量检测对判定急性冠脉综合征血栓形成的研究

目的：探讨D-二聚体定量检测对于判定急性冠脉综合征（ACS）血栓形成的意义。方法：选择住院不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者36例,急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者13例,稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者23例,采用胶体金标法动态检测患者静脉血中的D-二聚体含量。结果：D-二聚体含量：UAP组（0．95±0．32）mg／L,AMI组（1．82±0．63）mg／L,UAP组与SAP组（0．39±0．15）mg／L比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,AMI组与SAP组比较,差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论：D-二聚体定量检测是判定ACS血栓形成相对特异的敏感指标。