陶瓷原料标准化发展趋势探讨

当前陶瓷产品为了追求高品质,在不断寻找和筛选高品质原料,并制定了一系列原料标准来对原料品质进行量化管控,导致大量自然资源浪费,这与创建＂资源节约型,环境友好型＂社会发展趋势背道而驰,笔者认为陶瓷原料标准化的发展趋势应围绕着＂资源节约,环境友好＂这个主题,引导行业注重工艺标准,合理有效的利用自然资源。     

陶瓷原料标准化的探讨

本文阐述了实现原料标准化的条件及其优势。实践表明：原料标准化是目前陶瓷行业创新的新思路,它能推动自然资源的合理利用和非金属产业的发展,从而达到原料供应与消费之间的动态平衡,促进陶瓷产业与非金属产业的协调发展。     

陶瓷原料标准化生产初探

本文在广州市花都区梯面金鹏陶瓷原料厂标准化生产的成功经验基础上,探讨了陶瓷原料标准化生产的可行性,对我国陶瓷原料生产企业提出了一些实现标准化生产的建议,以促进我国陶瓷原料标准化加工的建立和完善。     

陶瓷原料的鉴别与比较

地球外壳中含有丰富长石、石英、高岭土等陶瓷原料资源,我们在使用时就必须掌握它们的性能特点,并进行比较与鉴别。在未进行化学分析前我们也可运用简易方法来作出较准确的判断。     

陶瓷原料标准化和坯釉料商品化及其在我国的进展

本文在分析国外陶瓷原料标准化、系列化,坯釉料商品化、系列化发展历程的基础上,对国内开展这方面的工作提出了一些看法和建议,并对国内近年来的进展作了简要的介绍和评述,以期促进我国陶瓷原料加工工业的建立和完善。     

2002世界陶瓷原料市场分析与预测

2000年的世界陶瓷原料市场,进口持续稳定增长、生产厂商的联合与兼并、能源价格和劳动力成本的提高,都对其生产商产生了巨大影响。尽管许多企业的产销量有所增加,但仍有迹象表明,从2000年年底开始,经济开始出现衰退。尽管如此,当提及2002年后的前景时,大多数厂商都持乐观态度,认为经济会在今后几年里很快复苏,进而促进陶瓷原料的市场需求。     

2001世界陶瓷原料市场分析与预测

近几年陶瓷原料工业呈稳步发展 ,反映了陶瓷工业强大的发展势头。 1 999年度大多数陶瓷原料的生产和销售都有所增长 ,预示着未来陶瓷原料工业的成功。以下是几种在陶瓷工业领域应用较广泛的陶瓷原料的生产与消费情况。通过对这几种陶瓷原料生产和消费情况的分析 ,对未来陶瓷原料市场做出了预测 ,旨在给各陶瓷企业的生产提供一定的参考     

陶瓷原料中二氧化硅分析方法的对比与选择

本文综合各种文献 ,对陶瓷原料中SiO2 的各种分析方法的优缺点 ,使用条件 ,应用侧重点进行了比较与评述     

近几年全球陶瓷原料市场分析与预测

本文分析了近年来磨料、矾土和氧化铝、硼矿、粘土、长石、稀土、锆等陶瓷原料在全球上所占的市场,以及美国原料的产量和进出口情况,并对原料全球未来的市场做出了预测。     

陶瓷原料选择与资源综合利用

目前,我国陶瓷原料资源的开采缺乏科学合理的规划和综合利用措施,致使资源利用率很低。本文论述了陶瓷原料的选择与资源综合利用,对解决需求增长与资源短缺的问题提出了两种参考方案。一是采用先进工艺技术对劣质原料优用;二是综合利用工业固体废弃物及尾砂,节约现有资源的同时也保护环境。同时,本文还重点论述了建设大型陶瓷原料生产基地,实现原料标准化对于资源综合利用的重要性、紧迫性,并分析了当前遇到的困难。     

中国耐火原料出口情况及当前贸易摩擦的应对

综述了我国耐火原料出口情况和特点,指出了存在的问题,提出了应对措施,总结了今后工作的重点。     

浅谈“数据待定的标准”与我国肥料标准化

通过对"数据待定的标准"的分析、理解,认为我国某些肥料产品标准中的养分指标宜采用数据待定的方式,以利于厂方研究开发不同的肥料产品,满足不同用户的需要,同时也有利于资源的合理配置与有效利用。     

Evaluation of potential applications of recycled moulding and core sands to production of ceramic building materials

This study summarises the properties of ceramic materials containing used moulding sand, from processed and recycled mould and core mixes. The sand preparation procedure involves crushing and separation of metallic parts. Thus obtained substance acts as a substitute for natural quartz sand, commonly used as a leaning agent in ceramic plastic bodies to be formed into ceramic-based construction materials. The study summarises the basic functional parameters, structure and microstructure of ceramic materials made from plastic bodies containing variable qualitative proportions of used sand. The issues addressed in the paper include the potential threats associated with manufacturing and disposal of these types of materials. Potential hazards include atmospheric emissions of hazardous gaseous substances in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as derivatives of organic binders used for manufacturing of moulding and core sand mixes. These substances are formed in the process of combustion of ceramic products or can be produced when heavy metals are released from the ceramic matrix. This process can occur throughout the entire service life of ceramic products under the specific conditions. Applicability of used sand in this disposal scheme is well proved by good parameters of thus obtained ceramic materials and positive test results evidencing the absence of atmospheric emissions of hazardous substances and low-level leaching of heavy metals.     

Development and characterisation of triaxial electrical porcelains from Ugandan ceramic minerals

Ten formulations of triaxial porcelain composed from 30–60% clay, 20–45% feldspar and 20–25% sand, were prepared from raw materials sourced from Ugandan deposits. Specimens were made using the plastic extrusion method and characterized in terms of constituent oxide composition, flexural strength, fracture toughness, dielectric strength, microstructure and phase properties using ICP-AES analyses, 4-point load strength test, Vicker's indentation, FEG-SEM and powder-XRD analyses, respectively. XRD studies revealed that the crystalline phases are mullite and quartz and their intensity is almost identical for all samples fired at 1250 °C but there is a decrease in quartz content as temperature is increased. Samples with 20% sand content resulted in higher density, modulus of rupture and fracture toughness compared to those containing 25% sand. The major factor influencing bending strength was found to be porosity in samples as opposed to crystallinity. A sample with 67.3% SiO₂, 20.2% Al₂O₃, 3.4% K₂O and 6.3% others exhibited best properties.     

某些有机氯产品转换原料路线势在必行

回顾了有机化工原料路线的转变过程,比较了某些有机氯产品国内生产工艺及规模与发达国家先进工艺间的差距,指出国内企业转换这些有机氯产品的原料路线势在必行。     

Technological characterization and ceramic application of gravel pit by-products from middle-course Jarama river deposits (central Spain)

This work, unlike previous others, deals with ceramic products obtained exclusively from gravel pit by-products. The residues are originated from the sand and gravel washing process of middle-course Jarama river Quaternary sediments, located in Madrid region, central Spain. These natural aggregates allow an intense exploitation, because of quality (well-rounded quartzite) and reserves (up to 700×10⁶ m³), generating considerable waste volumes.Thirty silty–clay by-products, collected from seven gravel pits, have been tested at a laboratory scale. The mineralogical composition of these materials is mainly represented by phyllosilicates (muscovite-illite, smectite, kaolinite and chlorite), quartz and feldspars.For the technological characterization, six representative mixtures (M1 to M6) were designed combining suitable mineralogy and grain-size distribution of the 30 raw samples. A wide range of values was measured on mixture powders, determining specific surface (13–76 m² g⁻¹, BET method), methylene blue index (5–20) and Atterberg limits (W_l: 43–90; W_p: 25–38).Ceramic characterization was performed on extruded bodies, testing drying sensitivity (Bigot curves and Ratzemberger test). Smectitic content influences directly the parameters measured on dried bodies. This influence can be controlled by increasing the silty component, and the ceramic properties measured on these mixtures (M3, M4 and M5) get better: hygroscopicity (less than 2%), drying shrinkage (4–7 cm m⁻¹), keeping the bending strength above 5 MPa.Three maximum firing temperatures were studied: 850, 950 and 1050 °C. On mixtures fired at 950 °C, firing shrinkage is less than 4 cm m⁻¹, bending strength may reach 69 MPa and water absorption range from 23% to 0.5%. Efflorescence susceptibility is faint, and colour is red for all the samples, getting darker for increasing temperature.The positive results obtained in this set of preliminary tests drive to envisage new research programs, focused on testing these by-products on a semi-industrial scale, assessing the effective possibilities of using them as ceramic raw materials.     

调整原料结构提高整体效果——论水泥原料的战略转移

分析了传统原料高分解点、高熔点、高粘度及低潜能的特点,以地质成岩理论为基础,开发地质潜能为目的,调整原料结构为方向,运用岩矿匹配的技术手段,来选择新的岩矿原料代替传统的原料结构,达到优质、节能、高产和降低成本的整体效果。     

复混肥装置生产工艺的选择及原料的配比优化

对复混肥各种生产规模、造粒方式及烘干工艺进行介绍,分析其优缺点,同时运用现代数学方法对已定成品养分含量下所需各种原料的最优配比(指原料成本最低)进行计算,以赢得最大效益。     

国家标准《燃气用埋地聚乙烯管材》2003版之分析

通过分析2003版与1995版国家标准《燃气用埋地聚乙烯管材》,介绍了2003版标准中新增的耐快速裂纹扩展和耐慢速裂纹增长两项重要性能。建议聚乙烯(PE)管材原料生产厂按照新标准的要求生产、评价燃气用埋地PE管材原料．以期提高我国PE管材开发和应用水平。     

生橡胶和胶乳玻璃化转变温度测定国际标准的修订

以我国行业标准为基础修订ISO 22768∶2017,适用范围扩大到胶乳。考察了试样制备方法、气体流速、升温速率、试样用量等因素对玻璃化转变温度测定结果的影响,建立了方法的精密度。结果表明,选择干燥制样方式,气体流速为20 mL/min,试样用量为5~20 mg,升温速率为20 ℃/min,方法的精密度较好,重复性标准差小于0.30 ℃,再现性标准差小于1.01 ℃。