浅海压力式验潮仪的精确度

浅海压力式验潮仪的精确度（法国，法国自然历史博物馆，物理海洋学实验室，Ｊ－Ｍ．Ｖｅｒｓｔｒａｅｔｅ）１引言海平面的变化与气候有明显的关系，因为海表面以下３ｍ海水的热容量相当于整个大气的热容量。实际的气候程序可以监测海平面的变化，这是因为海平面研究能提...     

多年用海底压力式验潮仪的研制

多年用海底压力式验潮仪的研制（英国Ｐｒｏｕｄｍａｎ海洋研究所，ＰＯＬ，Ｂｉｄｓｏｎ观测站Ｒ．ＳＰｅｎｃｅｒ，Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｆｏｄｅｎ，Ｃ．ＭｃＧａｒｒｙ，Ｊ．Ｍ．Ｖａｓｓｉｅ）１引言ＰＯＬ技术研究方案的一部分是ＭＹＲＴＩＥ（重现多年潮位的设备ＭｕｌｔｉＹｅ...     

新型拖缆式便携验潮仪

研制了一种新型拖缆式便携验潮仪。通过采用高精度绝对压力变送器、数字滤波采样、多点标定减少传感器误差等设计方法，稳定储存与传送水位数据，提高了观测精度。介绍了该型验潮仪的工作原理、技术途径、特点和应用方法。     

压力式验潮仪的精密基准控制

压力式验潮仪的精密基准控制１引言目前，世界上使用了不同类型的验潮仪，包括传统的浮子式和验潮井式验潮（Ｎｏｙｅ，１９７４年；ＩＯＣ，１９８５年；Ｐｕｇｈ，１９８７年）、声学验潮仪（Ｇｉｌｌ和Ｍｅｒｏ，１９９０年）以及测量次表面压力的验潮仪（Ｐｕｇｈ，１...     

自动验潮仪数据消波浅析

自动验潮仪对工作环境的要求与传统的瓦尔代式验潮仪完全一样,故新建验潮井必须恪守规范的技术要求,才能使其随潮性和消波性这对矛盾达到对立统一。如果井内不设消波器,进水孔总截面积与井筒截面积之比太大,必然会导致消波性太差。完全依靠自动验潮仪的所谓"数据消波功能"消除井内波动对资料质量的影响是不可能的。     

光电码盘式验潮仪的设计

光电码盘式验潮仪采用高性能的光电码盘取代传统的机械码盘,是一种高可靠性、高准确度、实时的全量程潮位观测系统。文中对该仪器的工作原理、组成、主要技术指标、特点以及实现方法作了概要描述。     

自容式压力验潮仪水位观测值影响因素与改正

自容式压力验潮仪是目前海道测量水位观测的常用设备。在实际应用中,由于忽略了环境因素及其变化对水位观测精度的影响,可能获取不到高质量的水位观测数据,进而影响到海道测量成果的数据质量。在简要分析自容式压力验潮仪水位测量原理的基础上,利用数值计算方法,探讨了气压、密度和重力加速度变化对自容式压力验潮仪观测水位的影响规律,并提出了提高自容式压力验潮仪水位观测精度的一般改正方法。     

TGR-2050型自动验潮仪的使用

剖析了TGR-2050自动验潮仪的工作原理,分析了影响测量精度的各种误差因素,指出该仪器设计上的缺陷,并给出实例,介绍了进行大气压改正的方法,得出了有益结论。     

电测有井验潮仪数据采集接口与处理程序设计

本文介绍了一种新型的用微型计算机做为终端的电测有井验潮仪数据采集接口硬件与数据处理程序的设计并给出了工作流程图。该验潮仪已安装在青岛小麦岛海洋站“ZQA1-1海洋站自动观测系统”中正常运行了一年多时间.     

拖缆式验潮仪结构设计和实现

以2003年完成定型生产并投入使用的新型号拖缆式验潮仪为例,简要介绍了设备的设计思想、实现方法和新特技术的应用,涉及到嵌入式计算机的选型、智能探头、汉字和图形人机界面、多路串行通讯、潮汐数据实时获取和系统在应用升级等设计细节。     

利用验潮站数据进行三种潮汐模型的精度分析

采用全球分布的565个验潮站水位资料对NAO.99b,CSR4.0和TPXO7.2三种潮汐模型进行精度评估。结果表明:在全球海洋范围内,NAO.99b模型精度最高;在黄海海域,TPXO7.2模型的精度最高;在东海和南海海域,则是NAO.99b模型最优;在深海海域,三种模型精度差异不大;在浅海海域,采用同化方法的潮汐模型比采用经验方法的潮汐模型更有优势。     

TGR-2050型验潮仪在珠江口潮汐测量中的应用分析

使用压力式TGR-2050型验潮仪,在珠江口等河道入海口测量潮汐时,误差比较大;针对珠江口潮汐的特点,分析和研究了大气压扰动、潮流、海水密度、压力感应零点漂移等因素对潮汐测量带来的误差,有针对性地提出解决方案,并通过实验证明了方案的可行性。     

非均匀温度状态下声学验潮仪潮高示值修正

本文主要介绍了非均匀温度状态下声学验潮仪潮高示值修正公式的推导、误差分析及应用验证。     

Are Global Tide Gauge Data Stationary in Variance?

Tide gauges distributed all over the world provide valuable information for monitoring mean sea level changes. The statistical models used in estimating sea level change from the tide gauge data assume implicitly that the random model components are stationary in variance. We show that for a large number of global tide gauge data this is not the case for the seasonal part using a variate-differencing algorithm. This finding is important for assessing the reliability of the present estimates of mean sea level changes because nonstationarity of the data may have marked impact on the sea level rate estimates, especially, for the data from short records.     

Improving the Coastal Mean Dynamic Topography by Geodetic Combination of Tide Gauge and Satellite Altimetry

Abstract

The ocean mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the surface representation of the ocean circulation. The MDT may be determined by the ocean approach, which involves temporal averaging of numerical ocean circulation model information, or by the geodetic approach, wherein the MDT is derived using the ellipsoidal height of the mean sea surface (MSS), or mean sea level (MSL) minus the geoid as the geoid. The ellipsoidal height of the MSS might be estimated either by satellite or coastal tide gauges by connecting the tide gauge datum to the Earth-centred reference frame. In this article we present a novel approach to improve the coastal MDT, where the solution is based on both satellite altimetry and tide gauge data using new set of 302 tide gauges with ellipsoidal heights through the SONEL network. The approach was evaluated for the Northeast Atlantic coast where a dense network of GNSS-surveyed tide gauges is available. The typical misfit between tide gauge and satellite or oceanographic MDT was found to be around 9?cm. This misfit was found to be mainly due to small scale geoid errors. Similarly, we found, that a single tide gauge places only weak constraints on the coastal dynamic topography.     

潮汐测量与验潮技术的发展

潮汐是由各天体作用于地球上的引潮力所产生，不仅海洋中有潮汐，大气圈和地球固体部分也同样存在着潮汐。海道测量中的潮汐测量仅指海洋潮汐测量仅指海洋潮汐测量，潮汐测量的手段很多，主要包括采用水尺；浮子式、引压钟式、声学式、压力式验潮仪验潮。而GPS验潮及潮汐遥感测量等技术研究国内外正在开展。所有这些验潮技术各有自己的特点。     

Vertical Land Motion in the Mediterranean Sea from Altimetry and Tide Gauge Stations

We have computed estimates of the rate of vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from differences of sea level heights measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter and by a set of tide gauge stations. The comparison of data at 16 tide gauges, using both hourly data from local datasets and monthly data from the PSMSL dataset, shows a general agreement, significant differences are found at only one location. Differences of near-simultaneous, monthly and deseasoned monthly sea level height time-series have been considered in order to reduce the error in the estimated linear-term. In a subset of 23 tide gauge stations the mean accuracy of the estimated vertical rates is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Results for various stations are in agreement with estimates of vertical land motion from geodetic methods. A comparison with vertical motion estimated by GPS at four locations shows a mean difference of ?0.04 ± 1.8 mm/yr, however the length of the GPS time-series and the number of locations are too small to draw general conclusions.     

Vertical Land Motion in the Mediterranean Sea from Altimetry and Tide Gauge Stations

We have computed estimates of the rate of vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from differences of sea level heights measured by the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter and by a set of tide gauge stations. The comparison of data at 16 tide gauges, using both hourly data from local datasets and monthly data from the PSMSL dataset, shows a general agreement, significant differences are found at only one location. Differences of near-simultaneous, monthly and deseasoned monthly sea level height time-series have been considered in order to reduce the error in the estimated linear-term. In a subset of 23 tide gauge stations the mean accuracy of the estimated vertical rates is 2.3 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Results for various stations are in agreement with estimates of vertical land motion from geodetic methods. A comparison with vertical motion estimated by GPS at four locations shows a mean difference of -0.04 ± 1.8 mm/yr, however the length of the GPS time-series and the number of locations are too small to draw general conclusions.     

岚山海洋观测站验潮、温盐井的设计建设

验潮井、温盐井设计在《海滨观测规范》中仅提供了一个参考公式与参考数据,至今尚未形成一个从理论到实际的成熟的设计方法及设计模式。对岚山海洋观测站验潮井、温盐井的设计建设进行了总结,经对比验证效果良好。