Nanocatalytic bacteria disintegration reverses immunosuppression of colorectal cancer

Tumor-associated bacteria (TAB) play a critically important role in regulating the microenvironment of a tumor, which consequently greatly deteriorates the therapeutic effects by chemo- and radiotherapy deactivation and, more considerably, leads to substantial immunosuppression. On the contrary, herein we propose a nanocatalytic tumor-immunotherapeutic modality based on the bacteria disintegration by bacteria-specific oxidative damage under magnetic hyperthermia for highly effective immune response activation-promoted tumor regression. A monodispersed and superparamagnetic nanocatalytic medicine modified by arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) and (3-carboxypropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP), named as MNP-RGD-TPP herein, has been synthesized, which features selective accumulation at the TAB by the electrostatic affinity, enabling effective TAB disintegration by the nanocatalytic Fenton reaction producing abundant cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals in situ under alternating magnetic field-induced hyperthermia. More importantly, the lipopolysaccharide has been metabolically secreted from the destructed TAB as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to M1-polarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) for innate immuno-response activation of TAMs, followed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes awakening under the PAMPs presentation by the mature DCs against tumor cells. The integrated innate and adaptive immunity activations based on this TAB-promoted nanocatalytic immunomedicine, instead of magnetic heating-induced hyperthermia or the released Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ Fenton agent, has been found to achieve excellent therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic colorectal cancer model, demonstrating the great potential of such an integrated immunity strategy in clinical tumor immunotherapy.     

结直肠癌营养风险筛查研究进展

营养风险是指现存的或潜在的与营养因素相关的导致患者出现不良临床结局的风险。结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国发病率逐年升高,由于生理病理原因,以及治疗方法使其更易存在营养风险。现将营养风险及其筛查常用工具进行简单综述,并重点综述结直肠癌营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）的应用现状,以期指导临床实践。     

Tissue polypeptide specific antigen in the post therapeutic evaluation of patients with ovarian and colorectal cancer

The study was designed to evaluate the significance of tissue polypeptide specific antigen (TPS) in patients with histologically proven ovarian and colorectal cancer following treatment along with CA125 (in ovarian cancer) and CEA (in colorectal cancer). Patients were grouped as follows:

污泥复混肥对土壤微生物区系影响的研究

对旱地和水田的施用试验结果表明,施用污泥复混肥与等量化肥相比,在本试验的施肥水平下,对硝化细菌和好气性纤维素分解细菌的繁衍具有明显的促进作用,对好气细菌,真菌,放线菌和氨化细菌不但没有不良影响,反而稍有促进作用,而且随污泥复混肥中污泥含量的提高而增强。     

Metagenomics approach to identify lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in the gut microbiota of the Chinese bamboo rat cecum

BackgroundLignocellulose is considered a renewable organic material, but the industrial production of biofuel from lignocellulose is challenging because of the lack of highly active hydrolytic enzymes. The guts of herbivores contain many symbiotic microorganisms that have evolved to hydrolyze plant lignocellulose. Chinese bamboo rats mainly consume high-fiber foods, indicating that some members of the intestinal tract microbiota digest lignocellulose, providing these rats with the energy required for growth.ResultsHere, we used metagenomics to analyze the diversity and functions of the gut microbiota in Chinese bamboo rats. We identified abundant populations of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, whose main functions involved carbohydrate, amino acid, and nucleic acid metabolism. We also found 587 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes belonging to different families, including 7 carbohydrate esterase families and 21 glycoside hydrolase families. The glycoside hydrolase 3, glycoside hydrolase 1, glycoside hydrolase 43, carbohydrate esterase 4, carbohydrate esterase 1, and carbohydrate esterase 3 families demonstrated outstanding performance.ConclusionsThe microbes and enzymes identified in our study expand the existing arsenal of proficient degraders and enzymes for lignocellulosic biofuel production. This study also describes a powerful approach for targeting gut microbes and enzymes in numerous industries.How to cite: Bai D, Lin X, Hu Y, et al. Metagenomics approach to identify lignocellulose-degrading enzymes in the gut microbiota of the Chinese bamboo rat cecum. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.12.001     

Effect of Vitamin B<Subscript>12</Subscript> and Folate on Homocysteine levels in colorectal cancer

Folate and cobalamin (Vitamin B₁₂) are two essential micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, which affects heart disease, neural tube defects and cancer. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the key enzyme involved in one carbon metabolism produces methyl tetrahydrofolate from methylene tetrahydrofolate, which in turn donates methyl group to homocysteine to generate methionine. There exist two common low function polymorphic variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene involving nucleotides 677 C→T and 1298 A→C, which are associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. These polymorphisms are also linked with increased risk for certain cancers such as breast cancer and at the same time providing a protective effect on colorectal cancer. In this case control study, we have evaluated levels of folic acid, vitamin B₁₂ and homocysteine in patients with colorectal cancer. Folate and homocysteine levels did not differ significantly between the two groups; however an increasing trend was noticed with increase in homocysteine levels. Vitamin B₁₂ levels were increased in cases compared to control group.     

血清CA199、CA724、CEA联合检测在结直肠癌患者TNM分期中的应用

目的:探讨血清糖类抗原CA199糖类抗原CA724癌胚抗原CEA在结直肠癌的TNM分期中的临床应用价值。方法:观察组结直肠癌患者100例与对照组同期非消化道肿瘤的住院病人100例,空腹抽取静脉血,采用罗氏公司E601电化学发光全自动免疫分析仪和罗氏原装试剂盒检测血清中CEA、CA199、CA724值。应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料以均数±标准差f±s)表示,采用单因素方差分析进行统计,计数资料采用X-2检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:在单项检测中,CEA的敏感率最高,达37%,且CEACA199CA724.在两项联合检测中CA199+CEA的敏感度最高达53%,三项联合检测敏感度达64%,在各种联合检测中最高。三项肿瘤标志物的阳性率和升高水平随肿瘤的TNM分期的增加而递增。结论:三项肿瘤标志物的单一检测敏感度较低,肿瘤标志的联合检测结直肠癌可以提高敏感性,以CEA+CA199+CA724的效果最好,CA199+CEA次之。CA199、CA724、CEA三项肿瘤标志物的阳性率及升高水平依肿瘤的TNM分期的增加呈递增趋势。     

心理干预对癌症患者生存质量的影响

目的：观察心理干预对癌症患者生活质量的影响。方法：将72例癌症患者随机分为两组,对照组采用常规治疗,干预组在常规治疗基础上进行心理干预;干预后进行生活质量核心量表（EORTC QLQ-C30）测定。结果：干预后两组患者QLQ-C30评分比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;干预组患者评分均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：心理干预对癌症患者生活质量的提高有重要意义。     

X-linked adreno leukodistrophy: Profiles of very long chain fatty acids in plasma and fibroblasts in eigth Serbian patients

X-linked adrenoleukodistrophy is a severe neurodegenerative disorder with impaired very long chain fatty acid metabolism. The disease associated ABCD1 gene encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein which belongs to the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters. We investigated eight male X-ALD patients diagnosed among 142 suspected patients referred for investigation. Plasma levels of very long chain fatty acids were measured at our laboratory using capillary gas chromatography. Eight cases of childhood X-ALD were diagnosed. This is the first published series of Serbian patients with X-ALD. In addition, diagnosis identifies carriers, which could be benefit for genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.     

Comparative analysis of RBC membrane fatty acids, proteins and glycophorin in patients with heterozygous beta thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia

Membrane lipid and protein composition was compared in erythrocytes from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and heterozygous beta thalassemia patients. The study was planned to correlate the influence of iron deficiency with the intrinsic defect of the heterozygous condition on the membrane structural integrity as well as to investigate whether there are differences in membrane changes between the two conditions. Results indicate high levels of saturated fatty acids and low unsaturated fatty acids in both disorders although arachidonic acid and the unsaturation index were lower in heterozygous thalassemia than IDA. Nevertheless, neither of the conditions provoked any alterations in membrane protein or glycophorin suggesting alterations in the lipid moiety only. Present findings indicate that irrespective to the etiology, both, iron deficiency and the heterozygous condition show a common pattern of lipid derangement, which may in turn result in increased membrane rigidity and decreased cellular deformability.     

半乳甘露寡糖对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响

采用PCR-DGGE方法,研究添加0.25%林肯霉素及0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的半乳甘露寡糖(GMOS)对断奶仔猪肠道微生物多样性的影响.结果表明,结肠微生物DNA电泳条带的数量明显多于回肠中的数量;断奶后0 d的回肠条带数量多于断奶后14 d的数量,但两者间结肠微生物种类差异不大.唾液乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌和大肠杆菌为仔猪回肠共有菌;而金色葡萄球菌、唾液乳酸杆菌、瘤胃球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌是结肠的共有菌.由相似性分析可见,各日粮处理间电泳带谱之间相似性较低,除了对照组和0.2%GMOS组断奶仔猪回肠微生物各带谱间存在80%的相似性外,其他各组的回肠微生物各谱带间的相似性大部分在20%~50%之间.这表明饲喂不同日粮的断奶仔猪,其肠道相同微生物种群数量相同者较少,各自特有的微生物种群数量较多.     

术后康复运动对分化型肺癌内分泌系统调节影响

目的:探讨术后康复运动对分化型肺癌内分泌系统调节影响。方法:以107例进行过肺癌手术的患者为受试对象,随机将患者分为4组,分别进行慢走、康复太极拳、瑜伽、康复体操4种不同的康复运动,进行为期8周的康复测试,比较不同术后康复运动对分化型肺癌的康复治疗作用,分析了TSH对肺癌康复治疗效果,采用垂体激素的刺激和康复指数作为判定基准,评价不同康复运动的效果。结果:进行慢走、康复太极拳、瑜伽3种康复运动后,患者的康复指数均随运动周数增加,呈现不同程度的递增趋势,而进行康复健美操运动后,康复指数无明显变化。结论:慢走、康复太极拳、瑜伽3种康复运动对垂体激素调节效果明显,对肺癌康复有积极促进作用。     

Diagnostic and prognostic value of the urinary excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with urinary bladder cancer

Urinary excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB), was determined in 28 active and 12 inactive bladder cancer patients. Mean excretion of BAIB was higher in active cancer patients-187.8 mg/24 hours whereas it was 120.4 mg/24 hours in inactive cancer patients. The increased BAIB excretion in both disease groups was independent of tumour stage. BAIB appears to be a useful diagnositic aid in the assessment of bladder cancer patients.     

Serum glycoconjugates and ceruloplasmin in cancer of uterine cervix

The present study was done to assess the levels of glycoconjugates and ceruloplasmin in sera of patients with cervical cancer. Serum hexoses, hexosamines, sialic acid and fucose are elevated in a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. All the glycoconjugates, except fucose were increased in serum of patients compared to controls. Also, hexoses and sialic acid levels were high in patients with later stages of cancer compared to patients with early stage disease (P=<0.0001, P=0.03). Serum ceruloplasmin was increased in patients with early stage cancer (51.5mg/dl) and with late stage cancer (61mg/dl) compared to controls (38mg/dl). The elevated glycoconjugates may be the result of inflammatory reaction associated with neoplasia, as serum ceruloplasmin (an acute phase reactant) is also increased in these patients.     

影响脂肪族化合物构象的因素

分析探讨了分子内ｖａｎ ｄｅｒ Ｗａａｌｓ 作用力、成键轨道电子云相互作用、分子内氢键、分子内偶极相互作用、分子间偶极相互作用和溶剂化作用六种因素对脂肪族化合物分子构象的影响．在诸多影响因素中必然会有一种因素对分子的优势构象起主要作用     

Alterations of serum cholesterol and serum lipoprotein in breast cancer of women

Fasting blood sample of 50 normal subjects (control) and 100 patients of breast cancer were investigated for serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein cholesterol:low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio during breast cancer of women. Five cancer stages, types, age groups, parity and menopausal status were undertaken for the study. It was observed that there was a significant rise in serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significant. The ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol:low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol:high density lipoprotein cholesterol values increased significantly in breast cancer patients.     

A green,efficient and precise hydrogen therapy of cancer based on in vivo electrochemistry

By combined use of traditional Chinese acupuncture Fe needle electrode and in vivo electrochemistry, we achieved in vivo H₂ generation in tumors in a controllable manner and exploited it for effective and green therapy of tumors for the first time. The cathodic acupuncture electrodes working under an applied voltage of ∼3 V (with minimal damage to the living body) undergo effective electrochemical reactions in the acidic tumor area that produce sufficient H₂ locally to cause cancer cells to burst and die. Due to puncture positioning, the acidic tumor microenvironment and gas diffusion effect, the developed H₂ generation electrochemotherapy (H₂-ECT) strategy enables precise and large-scale tumor therapy, as demonstrated by in vivo treatment of diseased mice (glioma and breast cancers). Such green H₂-ECT is simple, highly efficient and minimally invasive, requiring no expensive medical equipment or nano materials and medication, and is therefore very promising for potential clinical applications.     

TCTE3mRNA在人肝癌细胞株中的表达特征

探讨TCTE3 mRNA在人肝癌细胞株中的表达水平及意义。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测TCTE3基因在常规培养或缺氧诱导（CoCl2为诱导剂）的人肝癌细胞株中的表达情况。TCTE3 mRNA在常规培养的人正常肝细胞株L02,肝癌细胞株Bel-7402、SMMC-7721、HepG2和QGY-7701中不表达或极低表达;但经缺氧诱导后,SMMC-7721细胞中的TCTE3 mRNA表达量逐渐升高,4h达到最大,随后逐渐降低,与HIF1a mRNA表达的曲线变化有一定相似之处,只是这种变化的时间要早于HIF1a基因。在缺氧状态下肝癌细胞TCTE3 mRNA表达增加,且这种上调表达可能对HIF1a mRNA的表达有一定的促进作用。     

同侪效应对员工创造力的影响作用机制研究

基于272份员工及其直属主管的配对数据探讨了同侪效应对员工创造力的影响及传导机制。层次回归的实证检验结果显示：同侪效应对员工创造力有显著正向影响,且能够促进员工工作投入;工作投入在同侪效应与员工创造力关系间起中介作用;组织公平正向调节同侪效应与工作投入间的关系,即组织公平水平越高,同侪效应对员工工作投入的正向影响就越大。研究结论有助于从社会心理学视角深入认识同侪效应影响员工创造力的潜在中间机制和边界条件,并为企业发挥同侪效应的积极影响、引导个体树立正确的比较观及提高员工的组织公平感,进而激发员工创造力提供创新管理实践。